白藜芦醇对糖尿病大鼠肾脏内氧化应激的影响

目的：观察白藜芦醇对糖尿病大鼠肾脏内氧化应激（OS）的影响。方法：将实验动物分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、白藜芦醇治疗组。建立糖尿病大鼠模型,检测各组成模12周后肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、铜,锌-超氧化物歧化酶（Cu,Zn-SOD）、谷光甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）活性,同时观察肾功能、尿蛋白和肾脏形态。结果：与糖尿病组相比,白藜芦醇治疗组肾脏MDA含量明显下降,而肾脏抗氧化酶活性（Cu,Zn-SOD、GSH-PX）则显著上升,肾功能和肾脏形态均明显改善,尿蛋白下降。结论：氧化应激在2型糖尿病肾脏损害过程中发生了重要作用;白藜芦醇通过抑制氧化应激达到了其对该模型大鼠肾脏的保护作用。     

阿魏酸钠对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化酶的影响

目的：探讨阿魏酸钠（SF）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化酶的影响。方法：对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病肾病大鼠灌胃给予SF110mg/kg/d，治疗8周，测定各组大鼠肾重/体重、血尿素氮(BUN)、血、尿肌酐、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24h尿蛋白定量、血清果糖胺(FMN)、血清及肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）等。结果：糖尿病对照组大鼠肾重/体重、BUN、血肌酐（Scr）、Ccr、24h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN显著高于正常对照组，治疗组肾重/体重、BUN、Ccr、24h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN显著低于糖尿病组。糖尿病对照组大鼠肾脏和血清SOD、CAT活性显著低于正常对照组，MDA显著高于正常对照组，经SF治疗的糖尿病大鼠肾脏和血清SOD、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病对照组，MDA显著降低。结论：SF通过保护肾脏抗氧化酶，减轻氧化应激对糖尿病大鼠肾脏产生保护作用。     

褪黑素和维生素E对早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的：探讨褪黑素和维生素E对早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响。方法：对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型大鼠给予褪黑素和维生素E治疗14 d后,检测各组大鼠肾功能及肾脏氧化应激相关指标的变化。结果：与糖尿病组大鼠相比,褪黑素治疗组肾质量、肾质量/体质量、血清尿素氮显著下降,血清肌酐无明显变化,而维生素E治疗组上述指标均无明显下降。褪黑素和维生素E可明显增加肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,升高的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性有所恢复,降低丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）含量,褪黑素组与维生素E组相比差异显著。结论：氧化应激在早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害过程中起了重要作用,褪黑素通过增加糖尿病大鼠肾组织抗氧化能力,抑制肾组织氧化应激,对糖尿病肾脏起保护作用,褪黑素抗氧化能力明显强于维生素E。     

甘草酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激及醛糖还原酶水平的影响

目的:观察甘草酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激及醛糖还原酶活性、基因表达水平的影响,探讨其保护肾脏、预防糖尿病肾病的可能机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和甘草酸治疗组,腹腔注射链脲菌素(60mg/kg)诱导糖尿病模型,治疗组给予甘草酸(30mg/kg/d)治疗16周。16周后测定各组大鼠24h尿白蛋白量(UP24)、肾脏肥大指数(肾重/体重)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、醛糖还原酶(AR)活性及mRNA水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠UP24、肾指数显著升高(P<0.01),血清SOD活性降低,MDA含量增加(P<0.01),肾脏AR活性及基因表达显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,甘草酸治疗组UP24、肾指数显著降低(P<0.01),血清SOD活性显著增强(P<0.05),同时MDA含量显著减少(P<0.01),肾脏AR活性显著降低、ARmRNA水平显著下降(均P<0.01)。结论:高血糖可诱导机体氧化应激增强、多元醇代谢途径激活及两者的协同效应,促进糖尿病肾病的发生发展;甘草酸可能通过抗氧化应激、减少肾脏AR活性及基因表达以抑制多元醇通路的激活,发挥肾脏保护作用。     

缬草油对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏内氧化应激的影响

目的：观察缬草油对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏内氧化应激(OS)的影响。方法：将实验动物分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、缬草油治疗组。检测各组喂养4周、5周及成模6周、12周的血糖、血胰岛素，成模6周、12周肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、铜，锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu，Zn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷光甘肽过氧化酶(GSH—Px)活性，同时观察肾功能、尿蛋白和肾脏形态。结果：与糖尿病组相比，缬草油治疗组肾脏MDA含量明显下降，而肾脏抗氧化酶活性(Cu，Zn-SOD、CAT、GSH—PX)则显著上升，肾功能和肾脏形态均明显改善，尿蛋白下降。作相关性分析发现肾功能、尿蛋白与肾脏MDA含量成正相关，与抗氧化酶活性成负相关。结论：氧化应激在2型糖尿病肾脏损害过程中发生了重要作用；缬草油通过抑制氧化应激达到了其对该模型大鼠肾脏的保护作用。     

葛根素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏蛋白激酶C活性的作用

目的 研究葛根素(Pue)对糖尿病大鼠。肾脏蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性、肾功能及肾脏结构的影响。方法 链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型，随机分为糖尿病组、Pue(500、250、125mg／kg)治疗组、维生素E(VitE)组，同时另设正常对照组，给药12周后，测定肾功能及。肾脏指数，ELISA法测定肾脏PKC活性，放免法测定尿蛋白排泄率，并对肾组织进行光镜及电镜观察。结果 糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率、肾脏指数(肾脏质量／体重)、肾小球细胞膜PKC活性明显升高，给予Pue治疗12周后，治疗组糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率较糖尿病组显著降低，肾脏肥大也有明显改善，肾小球细胞膜PKC：活性显著下降，光镜及电镜下肾脏病理改变较糖尿病组有较大改善。结论 Pue可以纠正糖尿病大鼠早期肾脏高滤过、高灌注，并对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变有一定的保护作用，其部分机制可能是通过下调。肾脏PKC活性而实现的。     

α-硫辛酸降低糖尿病大鼠氧化应激及对肾脏的保护作用

目的观察抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸（ALA）降低糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的水平及α-硫辛酸的糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用。方法将30只大鼠分为正常对照组（NC组）,糖尿病对照组（DM组）和糖尿病硫辛酸治疗组（ALA组）,每组各10只,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（60mg/kg）诱导糖尿病大鼠模型。8周后测血清丙二醛（MDA）、24h尿蛋白定量（UAlb/24h）,称右肾重量,免疫组化法测定NF-Kb、TNF,同时做组织病理切片。结果 8周后DM组24小时尿白蛋白、肾重/体重和血清丙二醛含量均较NC组增加;ALA组较DM组24小时尿白蛋白、肾重/体重和血清丙二醛水平降低（P〈0105）,肾组织的病理改变有所改善。肾脏NF-Kb、TNF图像分析显示,DM组中平均灰度值明显降低,硫辛酸治疗能减轻此变化。结论氧化应激在糖尿病的发生和发展中起重要作用,ALA能降低糖尿病大鼠氧化应激水平,减轻DM大鼠肾脏炎症反应水平,延缓糖尿病肾病进展。     

褪黑素、维生素E和还原型谷胱甘肽对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠氧化应激影响的比较研究

目的：探讨褪黑素（MLT）、维生素E（VE）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）对糖尿病大鼠肝、肾和胰组织氧化应激的影响。方法：对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠分别给予MLT、VE和GSH治疗14d后。观察各组大鼠肝、肾和胰组织中丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性的变化。结果：与正常对照组大鼠比较。糖尿病大鼠肝、肾和胰组织MDA、NO含量显著升高,GSH-Px活性上升,而SOD活性显著降低。给予MLT、礓和GSH治疗可明显降低肝、肾、胰组织中MDA和NO含量,使升高的GSH-Px活性显著下降,并显著增强SOD活性。但GSH对肝脏SOD无明显影响。3种抗氧化荆相比．MLT在大鼠肾脏和胰腺组织的抗氧化能力明显强于VE和GSH,而在大鼠肝脏组织VE的抗氧化能力优于MLT和GSH。结论：MLT可通过增强糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力和抑制氧化应激反应。在糖尿病及其并发症发生、发展中具有一定的保护作用,并且MLT的抗氧化能力明显强于VE和GSH。     

胡芦巴对实验性糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及肾脏抗氧化防御功能的影响

吉林大学再生医学科学研究所病理研究室,吉林 长春130021 目的：探讨胡芦巴对糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及肾脏抗氧化能力的影响。 方法: 用胡芦巴治疗糖尿病大鼠12周后,观察其血脂水平及肾脏的抗氧化能力。 结果:经过胡芦巴治疗的糖尿病大鼠血脂水平下降,肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有所升高,丙二醛（MDA）水平下降。 结论:胡芦巴能够调解糖尿病大鼠的脂代谢紊乱,增强肾脏的抗氧化能力。 吉林大学再生医学科学研究所病理研究室,吉林 长春130021 目的：探讨胡芦巴对糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及肾脏抗氧化能力的影响。 方法: 用胡芦巴治疗糖尿病大鼠12周后,观察其血脂水平及肾脏的抗氧化能力。 结果:经过胡芦巴治疗的糖尿病大鼠血脂水平下降,肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性有所升高,丙二醛（MDA）水平下降。 结论:胡芦巴能够调解糖尿病大鼠的脂代谢紊乱,增强肾脏的抗氧化能力。     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响.方法对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠给予氯沙坦治疗,测定肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER).结果糖尿病组大鼠肾皮质SOD和CAT活性显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),而MDA含量显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组肾皮质SOD、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病组(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05);糖尿病组UAER显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗组UAER显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论氯沙坦可增强糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激,从而减少蛋白尿和肾脏损害,这可能是氯沙坦保护糖尿病肾脏的机制之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.