临床路径控制医护服务的探索

目的 通过临床路径的管理降低医疗费用,提高医疗质量.方法 在2006年中,选取单纯性乳腺疾病60例,进行临床路径的管理.与2005年50例单纯性乳腺疾病患者从医疗费用、住院天数、甲级伤口愈合率和患者满意度进行对比分析.结果 单纯性乳腺疾病的医疗费用明显降低,医疗质量明显提高、患者满意度显著提升.结论 临床路径的科学管理有利于提高医院临床科室的诊疗规范,能够显著的降低医疗费用,提高患者满意度.     

临床路径控制医护服务的探索

目的通过临床路径的管理降低医疗费用，提高医疗质量。方法在2006年中，选取单纯性乳腺疾病60例，进行临床路径的管理。与2005年50例单纯性乳腺疾病患者从医疗费用、住院天数、甲级伤口愈合率和患者满意度进行对比分析。结果单纯性乳腺疾病的医疗费用明显降低，医疗质量明显提高、患者满意度显著提升。结论 临床路径的科学管理有利于提高医院临床科室的诊疗规范，能够显著的降低医疗费用，提高患者满意度。     

鼻息肉鼻内窥镜切除的临床路径评价

临床路径在住院病人诊疗中为实施质量控制提供了较为理想的条件.对76例单纯性鼻息肉采用鼻内窥镜切除术患者实施临床路径控制,与同期同病种未实施临床路径病人相比较,实施临床路径有效地缩短了住院天数,降低了医疗费用,并提高了患者满意度.     

临床路径在阑尾切除术患者中的应用及探讨

目的评价临床路径在急性单纯性阑尾切除术患者中的实施效果。方法随机选择实施临床路径管理的30例急性单纯性阑尾炎切除术患者作为试验组,30例急性单纯性阑尾炎切除术常规治疗患者作为对照组,比较2组住院时间、住院费用、满意度等指标。结果 2组患者住院时间、住院费用和满意度比较差异有统计学意义。结论临床路径给患者提供了优质服务,可以缩短住院时间,降低医疗费用,提高患者的满意度。     

应用临床路径中西医结合治疗腰椎间盘突出症80例的体会

目的:通过临床路径的管理降低医疗费用,提高医疗质量,发挥中西医结合治疗优势。方法:将实施临床路径前后病人的住院天数、医疗费用、功能恢复、满意度进行比较分析。结果:临床路径同样适用于中西医结合的治疗,有利于提高医务人员工作主动性,加强医患沟通,患者住院天数、医疗费用下降,满意度均提高。结论:临床路径应用于中西医结合治疗腰椎间盘突出症优于传统诊疗模式,但其最佳临床路径,尚有待进一步探讨。     

评价临床路径在刮宫产术中的应用效果

目的:评价临床路径管理在我院剖宫产手术中的应用效果。方法:将已实施临床路径管理的剖宫产术患者180例设为路径组,未实施临床路径管理的剖宫产术患者180例作为对照组,对两组患者的住院天数、住院费用、药品费用、术后并发症、患者满意度等指标进行比较和评价。结果:路径组在住院天数、住院费用、药品费用、患者满意度等指标方面均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义;但术后并发症发生率无明显改变。结论:临床路径应用于剖宫产术治疗中,简化了诊疗过程,规范了医疗行为,提高了医疗工作效率,合理有效控制不合理医疗费用,有利于医疗资源的合理使用,促进了医疗质量的持续改进,但尚存在不少问题,仍需持续改善。     

深圳市某三级综合医院临床路径实施效果评价

目的 评价临床路径管理模式的临床效果.方法 选取该医院2010年5月-2013年5月5个实施临床路径管理病种的患者5268例（临床路径组）和同期的非临床路径管理患者5895例（传统组）,对次均住院费用、平均住院日、术前平均住院日及患者满意度等指标进行综合评价.结果 临床路径组与传统组比较：结节性甲状腺肿的次均住院费用、次均药费差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05,但辅助检查费用显著下降,P＜0.001;单纯性阑尾炎次均辅助检查费用差异无统计学意义,P=0.749;其余病种次均住院费用、平均住院日、术前平均住院日和患者满意度比较,P值均＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论 临床路径管理可以有效控制医疗费用的过快增长,缩短患者住院时间和术前等待时间,提高患者满意度.     

临床路径在计划性剖宫产中的应用

目的探讨临床路径管理在计划性剖宫产中的应用及效果。方法将89例已实施临床路径管理的计划性剖宫产孕妇（路径组）和76例未实施临床路径管理的计划性剖宫产孕妇（对照组）作比较,对两组孕妇的平均住院日、医疗费用、患者满意度及术后并发症等进行比较分析。结果路径组在平均住院时间、医疗费用及患者满意度等方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后并发症发生率比较无差异。结论运用临床路径管理能很好地规范医疗行为,缩短平均住院日,降低医疗费用,保证医疗质量,提高患者满意度。     

临床护理路径在慢性阻塞性肺疾病健康教育中的应用

目的：探讨临床护理路径在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）健康教育中的应用效果。方法：将200例COPD患者按入院顺序编号,采用随机数字法随机分为护理路径组和传统组,每组100例,传统组采用传统的健康教育模式,路径组采用临床护理路径方式进行健康教育。比较2组患者生活质量指数、住院天数、医疗费用、患者满意度差异。结果：护理路径组患者生活质量指数,患者满意度高于传统组;住院天数、医疗费用低于传统组,2组比较具有统计学意义（p〉0.05）。结论：临床护理路径可提高病人的自我管理能力,提高治疗和护理效果,从而缩短住院时间、降低医疗费用,提高患者满意度,提高患者生活质量。     

江苏省某医院实施临床路径管理对医疗质量与效率的影响

目的:分析江苏省某医院开展临床路径管理对医疗质量、效率的促进作用,探索临床路径管理方法。方法:将2010年实施临床路径管理的7个病种病例作为路径组,将实施临床路径管理前1年入院,采用常规方法治疗的7个病种病例作为对照组,对两组间医疗质量和效率数据进行比较。结果:纳入临床路径管理的5个病种平均住院日、术前住院日缩短,围手术期抗生素使用天数和抗生素费用比显著降低,患者满意度提高。结论:临床路径管理提高了医疗效率指标,提升了医疗服务的社会效益,提高医疗服务质量水平。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.