经皮椎体成形术的实验研究及临床应用

目的 :完善经皮椎体成形术的方法并对其临床疗效进行评价。方法 :5具新鲜胸腰段脊柱 (T9～L5)标本随机选取 1 0个椎体节段行椎体成形术 ,观察PMMA在椎体内分布并进行椎体压缩试验。临床选择 4例骨质疏松腰椎压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术 ,观察其临床效果。结果 :1 0个椎体节段均穿刺顺利 ;PMMA骨水泥在椎体内沿骨小梁分布至整个椎体 ,有 1例出现椎体后静脉窦渗漏 ;椎体成形术后抗压强度由 (2 1 97± 355)N增加至 (4861 1 1 0 9)N ;临床治疗 4例患者疗效好 ,未出现椎体外漏导致的并发症。结论 :在C臂X线机透视引导下经皮椎体成形术安全、可靠 ;对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折具有良好疗效     

椎体后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折疗效.方法：采用经皮穿刺气囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折9例14个椎体.结果：9例患者后凸畸形平均矫正15.,其中8例患者术后疼痛即刻消失,另1例因终板部分破裂骨水泥入椎间隙,疼痛减轻.随访3～13个月,患者症状缓解,未见复发,椎体高度未见丢失.结论：经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的安全有效方法.     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效观察

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2013年11月至2015年11月四川奥斯迪康骨医院收治的老年患者骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折60例,随机分为椎体后凸成形术组(治疗组)与传统治疗组(对照组),每组30例。观察两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分量表(VAS),ODI功能指数评分及影像学指标(椎体前缘高度、中线高度、后缘高度)。结果治疗前两组VAS、ODI功能指数评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者VAS评分、ODI功能指数评分比较,治疗组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者影像学指标(椎体前缘高度、中线高度、后缘高度)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折创伤小,见效快,效果可,值得临床推广。     

单双侧穿刺PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的比较研究

目的探讨单侧与双侧穿刺经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折在疗效和安全性上的差异。方法 40例患者随机分为单侧组和双侧组。单侧组24例,双侧组16例,记录VAS评分、椎体Cobb角、椎体前缘及中部高度变化、手术时间及X线暴露时间,比较组间差异。结果 40例患者均未发现神经损伤等并发症,患者术前术后VAS评分、椎体Cobb角、椎体前缘及中部高度恢复差异有统计学意义(<0.05),组间差异无统计学意义(>0.05);两组手术时间和透视次数比较,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论单双侧穿刺经皮椎体椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折手术效果无显著差异,单侧穿刺能明显减少手术和放射暴露的时间。     

经皮椎体成形术联合五禽戏运动疗法治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效分析

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术联合五禽戏运动疗法治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效。方法 选择我院收治的73例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者,随机分为观察组35例和对照组38例。对照组单纯行PVP治疗,观察组在此基础上联合五禽戏运动治疗,比较两组患者术前、术后及术后1年VAS评分、椎体前缘高度、Barthel指数和复诊率。结果 手术前后两组患者VAS评分、椎体前缘高度、Barthel指数比较,结果无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;术后1年观察组患者VAS评分低于对照组[（3.24±1.10）分 vs （4.01±1.88）分,椎体前缘高度高于对照组[（1.95±0.25）cm vs （1.83±0.23）cm],Barthel指数高于对照组[（91.54±3.75） vs （81.03±4.02）],1年内复诊率低于对照组（5.71% vs 26.32%）,结果均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 经皮椎体成形术联合五禽戏运动疗法治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折,能有效减轻患者腰部疼痛,避免椎体再次受到压缩,有助于改善患者日常生活质量,降低再次腰痛复诊率。     

经皮椎体后凸成形注射骨水泥:快速缓解多节段胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的疼痛

背景:经皮椎体后凸成形注射骨水泥修复多节段胸腰椎体骨质疏松性骨折可恢复压缩椎体的高度,纠正畸形,减少并发症的发生。目的:验证经皮椎体后凸成形注射骨水泥修复多节段胸腰椎体骨质疏松性骨折的效果。方法:纳入T11-L4多节段胸腰椎体骨质疏松性骨折患者80例,其中男29例,女51例,年龄61-78岁,2节段椎体骨折者52例,3节段椎体骨折者22例,4节段椎体骨折者6例。随机均分为2组治疗,对照组给予积极的基础病与抗骨质疏松治疗,并卧床休息;试验组在此基础上给予经皮椎体后凸成形注射骨水泥治疗。治疗后随访12个月,对比两组Oswesty功能障碍指数、Barthel指数、目测类比评分、伤椎前缘及中线高度、Cobb角情况。结果与结论:试验组治疗后3 d、3个月、12个月的Oswesty功能障碍指数、Barthel指数、目测类比评分、伤椎前缘及中线高度、Cobb角均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05);对照组治疗后3,12个月的Oswesty功能障碍指数、Barthel指数、目测类比评分均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),治疗后12个月的伤椎前缘及中线高度均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05);治疗12个月后,试验组Oswesty功能障碍指数、Cobb角改善优于对照组(P0.05),其余指标比较差异无显著性意义。试验组未发生与骨水泥材料相关的不良反应。表明经皮椎体后凸成形注射骨水泥可快速缓解多节段胸腰椎体骨疏松性骨折患者的疼痛,有效矫正后凸畸形,提高患者生活质量。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效和对疼痛的影响分析

目的经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效和对疼痛的影响分析。方法选取本院2015年2月至2017年12月收治的50例骨质疏松性腰椎压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象,共58个椎体,随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组患者有28个椎体采取经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗,对照组患者有30个椎体采用经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果及对疼痛的影响。结果术后实验组患者椎体高度恢复情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者VAS评分均明显下降,且实验组患者VAS评分降低程度比对照组更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术作为脊柱外科常用的微创技术,在恢复椎体高度及缓解脊柱疼痛感上有着良好的临床疗效。     

PKP微创治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折经球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗后的临床效果及PKP技术的安全性。方法对抚顺市中心医院骨科2011年4月~2013年2月,应用PKP技术治疗40例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的患者进行回顾分析。其中患者中男8例,女32例,伤椎共有43个。分析患者手术前后的临床资料和影像学资料,比较手术前后伤椎前缘高度、脊柱后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswesty功能障碍指数(ODI)以及下腰痛评分(JOA),最终进行数据分析比较。结果所有患者的手术都顺利进行,术后腰背部疼痛的症状得到明显缓解或消失,未出现手术并发症;术后24h VAS和ODI评分低于术前评分,而JOA评分高于术前评分;术后24h伤椎前缘高度高于术前,而Cobb角则低于术前(0.05)。结论 PKP技术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折安全而有效。     

骨质疏松性压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨骨质疏松性压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折发生情况及影响因素分析。方法选取我院治疗的138例骨质疏松压缩性骨折病例进行回顾性分析,据术后随访结果,将患者分为是否发生非手术椎体骨折分为非骨折组71例、骨折组67例。对可能会导致经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折情况的相关资料进行单因素比较,对造成影响的单因素进行多因素回归分析。结果 138例骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后有67例患者发生非手术椎体再骨折,发生率占据总人数的48.55%;经多因素分析显示,骨密度、骨折椎体部位(胸腰段)均是影响骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体骨折的独立危险因素(P0.001)。结论骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体再骨折的机率高,骨密度、骨折椎体部位是影响骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体骨折的危险因素。     

单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨经单侧椎弓根入路,椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的可行性及其疗效.方法 采用单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折26例,术前及术后进行视觉模拟疼痛评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分及影像学检查,观察其手术治疗前后的变化及并发症等情况.结果 26例患者手术均获成功,其中2节椎体发生骨水泥少量外漏,未出现脊髓及神经根损伤.视觉模拟疼痛评分由术前(8.2±1.5)分降至术后(2.6±1.3)分,Oswestry功能障碍指数评分由术前(2.78±0.62)分降至术后(1.31 ±0.32)分,手术前后有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折疗效较好,并发症少,且可以减少患者和术者的放射线暴露,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

Percutaneous implant devices

The major problems of implanted percutaneous devices include biocompatibility and infection. Experience with 127 implants in 43 patients and volunteers of Rancho Los Amigos Hospital is presented and shows that if mechanical forces are reduced to a minimum, prolonged success of these implants can be expected.     

Percutaneous cervical disc decompression

Background

Cervical disc nucleoplasty is a significant and clinically demonstrated innovation in percutaneous disc decompression in case of non-herniated disc protrusions or prolpase. It allows a percutaneous decompression via a 19-gauge needle under utilization of the Coblation^® technique and under C-arm control. Until now the patients suffering of a cervicobrachialgia in cause of a disc prolapse had only the therapeutical solution between conservative treatment and monosegmental spondylodesis or disc prosthesis of the mentioned motion segment.

Methods

We wanted to demonstrate a new and practicable anatomical pathway for reaching the cervical disc prolapse comparable to the technique for discography of the cervical spine. The introducer needle is advanced into the disc under fluoroscopic guidance using a standard anterior–lateral approach. The controller delivers radiofrequency energy to quickly ablate tissue at temperatures between 50° and 60°C. The decompression will be done in ablation mode by rotating the device through 180° for 5 s in the posterior, medial and ventral third of the cervical disc. After failed conservative treatment over an average time period of 3 months we treated 26 patients with a contained herniated prolapse or protrusion with radicular arm pain by percutaneous decompression under utilization of the Coblation^® technique with a controlled energy plasma-mediated field. A randomized control group of 30 patients was treated alone conservatively with medical and physical therapy in the same period.

Results

The average preoperative VAS was 8.8. With a follow-up time of 2-years we found an average pain reduction with the visual pain score (VAS) of 2.3 who had a further check-up. The VAS was checked 24 h, 1 week, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. No complications with this method were seen. Comparable to the surgically treated group the conservative patients have had a VAS of 8.4. Under using conservative treatment with physical therapy, physiotherapy, analgetics and perineural injections we have had a diminution of the VAS to 5.1 after 2 years.

Conclusion

The percutaneous decompression of the cervical disc protrusion with the Perc DC^®—Spine Wand by using the Coblation mode is a quick and safe procedure. Furthermore, one may state a persistent pain relief in the follow-up time up to 2 years after the percutaneous decompression of the disc.

     

Percutaneous renal tumour biopsy

The use of percutaneous renal tumour biopsy (RTB) as a diagnostic tool for the histological characterization of renal masses has increased dramatically within the last 30 years. This increased utilization has paralleled advances in imaging techniques and an evolving knowledge of the clinical value of nephron sparing surgery. Improved biopsy techniques using image guidance, coupled with the use of smaller gauge needles has led to a decrease in complication rates. Reports from series containing a large number of cases have shown the non‐diagnostic rate of RTB to range from 4% to 21%. Re‐biopsy has been shown to reduce this rate, while the use of molecular markers further improves diagnostic sensitivity. In parallel with refinements of the biopsy procedure, there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of the complexity of renal cell neoplasia. The 2013 Vancouver Classification is the current classification for renal tumours, and contains five additional entities recognized as novel forms of renal malignancy. The diagnosis of tumour morphotype on RTB is usually achievable on routine histology; however, immunohistochemical studies may be of assistance in difficult cases. The morphology of the main tumour subtypes, based upon the Vancouver Classification, is described and differentiating features are discussed.     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效

目的 比较经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年4月~2019年4月在南昌市新建区人民医院治疗的58例重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各29例。对照组采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察组采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,比较两组手术指标（手术时间、注入骨水泥量、受伤椎体增加高度）疼痛评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、椎管侵占率、并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间、注入骨水泥量、受伤椎体增加高度均大于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后两组VAS评分均低于术前,且观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后两组Cobb角、椎管侵占率均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为6.90%,低于对照组的20.69%（P＜0.05）。结论 经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效良好,在纠正椎体畸形,恢复椎体高度,缓解疼痛方面更优。     

Comparison of Complications between Endoscopic and Percutaneous Replacement of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tubes

When replacing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes, an internal bolster may be retrieved either percutaneously or endoscopically. The aim of this study was to compare the complications of percutaneous and endoscopic method during PEG tube replacement. The medical records of 330 patients who received PEG tube replacement were retrospectively analyzed. According to the removal method of internal bolster, we categorized as endoscopic group and percutaneous group. Demographic data, procedure-related complications and risk factors were investigated. There were 176 cases (53.3%) in endoscopic group and 154 cases (46.7%) in percutaneous group. The overall immediate complication rate during PEG tube replacement was 4.8%. Bleeding from the stoma (1.3%) occurred in percutaneous group, whereas esophageal mucosal laceration (7.4%) and microperforation (0.6%) occurred in endoscopic group. The immediate complication rate was significantly lower in the percutaneous method (OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 1.47-29.38, P=0.014). In multivariate analysis, old age was a significant risk factor of esophageal laceration and microperforation during PEG tube replacement (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.04-14.07, P=0.043). The percutaneous method may be more safe and feasible for replacing PEG tubes than the endoscopic method in old patients.