寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳

目的 探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳的疗效.方法 2005年1月-2010年1月,对48例陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳患者行后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉复位固定,其中男30例,女18例;年龄19～56岁,平均45.1岁.本组术前均行颅骨牵引.结果 本组48例患者共置入寰椎和枢椎椎弓根螺钉各96枚,寰枢椎复位满意,术中无脊髓损伤.术中出血250～900 ml,平均370 ml,手术时间110～280 min,平均155 min.术中3例出现椎动脉损伤,3例出现寰椎后弓下壁破裂.术后均获随访9～64个月,平均46.6个月.所有患者均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,未发现螺钉松动、移位、螺钉断裂和寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象.日本骨科学会(JOA)评分由术前的(7.1±2.8)分改善至术后的(13.3±2.1)分(P＜0.05).结论 寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术具有良好的复位效果,为寰枢椎不稳患者治疗提供了一种较好的内固定术式.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the trans-atlantoaxial pedicle screw-rod internal fixation and fusion in treatment of old odontoid fracture combined with atlantoaxial instability.Methods The study involved 48 patients with old odontoid fractures combined with atlantoaxial instability treated with trans-atlantoaxial pedicle screw-rod internal fixation and fusion from January 2005 to January 2010.There were 30 males and 18 females,at average age of 45.1 years old(19-56 years).All the patients underwent the skull traction preoperatively.Results A total of 192 pedicle screws(96 screws for the atlas and another 96 for the axis)were implanted in all the 48 patients who obtained satisfactory atlantoaxial reduction,with no spinal cord injuries.The operation lasted for average 155 min,with blood loss for average 370 ml.There were three patients with vertebral artery injury and three with inferior posterior arch fracture of the atlas during operation.All the patients were followed up for average of 46.6 months(range,9-64 months),which showed bone fusion at 6 months after operation,with no loosening,displacement,instability or breakage of the screws.The JOA score was improved from preoperative 7.1 ±2.8 to postoperative 13.3 ± 2.1(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation is a reliable and effective method for the treatment of the atlantoaxial instability.     

枢椎齿状突骨折临床治疗分析

目的 探讨牵引和手术治疗枢椎齿状突骨折的疗效。方法 应用颅骨或枕颌带牵引，头颈胸石膏外固定治疗Ⅰ型8例，Ⅱ型2例，Ⅲ型5例，后路寰枢椎融合术治疗Ⅱ型2例，Ⅲ型1例。结果 随访1．5～3．0年，骨折全部愈合，均无复发和颈椎不稳表现。结论 头面部有创伤，颈痛伴活动受限，应注意检查颈椎有无损伤，对伤后无明显严重的颈脊髓损伤临床症状和体征的颈椎齿状突骨折病人急时牵引或手术治疗，远近期疗效好。     

创伤性寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

目的 探讨创伤性寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗。方法 对６３例创作性寰枢椎不稳患者进行后路融合术。其中齿突骨折４６例,横韧带断裂１３例,陈旧性椎椎弓骨折４例。４５例行枕颈融合术,１８例行寰枢椎融合术。结果 术后颈椎侧位Ｘ线片检查,５８例平均随访８个月（６～９６个月）,均获得骨性愈合。结论 陈旧性不稳定齿突骨折、伴有不愈合倾向齿突骨折、横韧带断裂、寰枢椎不稳引起神经症状者均适合于后路融合手术。     

后路寰椎减压枕颈融合治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位是一种常见的高位颈椎损伤。分为寰椎前脱位和后脱位,以前脱位常见。新鲜齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的病例多见,亦较好     

寰枢椎骨折与脱位的外科治疗

目的提高上颈椎骨折与脱位的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法自１９８７年１月～１９９７年１月１０年间共收治颈椎骨折或骨折脱位１６２例，上位颈椎损伤３６例，占颈椎损伤病例的２２．２％。其中枕寰关节脱位１例，寰椎横韧带损伤３例，寰椎骨折３例，齿状突骨折或合并寰枢椎脱位２６例，Ｈａｎｇｍａｎ骨折３例。交通事故伤３０例，高处坠落伤６例。临床均有颈部疼痛、活动受限。有不同程度神经受压症状与体征者２５例。根据损伤类型，分别采用枕颈框架植骨融合术，Ｂｒｏｏｋ－Ｊｅｎｋｉｎ寰枢椎融合术，齿状突直接加压螺钉内固定术，前路椎体双螺钉固定术。所有病例，术前首先行头颈部双向牵引复位。结果３６例病人随访６～９６个月，平均４８个月，Ｘ线显示所有病人术后上颈椎稳定性可靠，脊髓受压症状与体征消失。结论早期诊断、正确处理是获得良好预后的关键，直接内固定，能保持解剖复位。     

寰枢后路融合术治疗寰枢椎关节不稳14例

1993年3月～1997年12月,我们采用寰枢后路融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳14例,疗效可靠。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况　本组男11例,女3例;年龄18～56岁,平均31岁。齿状突骨折12例,齿状突发育不良2例。合并寰枢椎脱位10例,横韧带断裂6例。手术时间为伤后3周～2年,平均5个月。1.2　手术方式　在颅骨牵引下行寰枢后路融合术。常用方法为:(1)Gauie法,即经后路将寰椎后弓与枢椎棘突用钢丝扎紧并植骨融合;(2)Brooks法,经寰椎后弓两侧各绕钢丝,并经枢椎椎板下穿越,两侧各植一骨块并扎紧钢丝。1.3　术后处理　术后应用颈胸石膏或头环背心外固定。常规应用地塞…     

创伤性寰枢椎不稳的几个问题

创伤性寰枢椎不稳可导致脊髓受压甚至患者死亡。不稳的原因是寰枢椎和齿状突骨折及寰横韧带撕裂。本组报告52例．其中33例为齿状突骨折，8例寰枢爆炸性骨折，4例枢椎弓骨折，7例韧带损伤及1例寰枕脱位。新鲜损伤采用非手术治疗，陈旧性者则行寰椎后弓切除和枕颈融合术，或单行枕颈融合术，本文就其临床和X线诊断作了讨论。     

经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折

目的探讨经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统(transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate，TARP)在陈旧性齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎脱位中的临床应用。方法对11例陈旧性齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎脱位患者行经口咽前路松解减压，应用TARP系统复位和固定，两侧寰枢关节间植入自体髂骨融合。结果除1例因跌倒引起螺钉松动再次脱位外，均固定牢固，融合理想，脊髓减压满意。结论经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统一次完成寰枢椎脱位的复位和固定，是治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折造成的寰枢椎脱位以及其他原因引起的难复型寰枢椎脱位较为理想的手术方法。     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎脱位

目的 总结后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定、复位、融合治疗齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的疗效.方法 对27例齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者经术前颅骨牵引,采用后路椎弓根螺钉,行寰枢椎复位、固定及植骨融合.结果 患者寰枢椎椎间稳定性得到恢复,无并发症发生;随访12-48个月(平均24个月),27例患者均获骨性融合.结论 经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合术可为齿状突骨折伴可复性寰枢椎骨折脱位的患者提供牢固的三维固定,是一种更为有效的治疗方法.     

外伤性寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

寰枢椎不稳使患者高位颈脊髓处于危险状态，常需要行寰枢椎融合术。我院采用改良Halo-Vest架复位固定寰枢椎并使其获得三维固定，然后带架行后路融合术10例，手术安全可靠，暴露充分，获得满意的疗效。现报告如下。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折并寰枢关节半脱位临床疗效.方法 2002年12月-2006年12月,采用后路寰楸椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗伸直型齿状突骨折并寰枢关节半脱位患者7例,其中男5例,女2例;年龄21～59岁,平均39.2岁.齿状突骨折均为Anderson Ⅱ型新鲜骨折,术前神经功能日本骨科协会(JOA)评分8.6～14.9分,平均10.7分.术前均行X线、CT等影像学检查及颅骨牵引术.均于全身麻醉下采用枢法模Vertex寰枢椎椎弓根钉系统,直视下行C1、C2复位固定术.结果 本组患者未发生椎动脉、脊髓及神经根损伤,寰枢椎骨折脱位均完全复位,术口均Ⅰ期愈合;术后3～6 d(平均4 d)颈托保护下离床活动.随访12～36个月(平均22个月),临床症状得到明显改善.术后6个月X线片示螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,所有骨折均呈骨性愈合.神经功能JOA评分13.5～16.9分,平均15.8分.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定技术具有术中复位、固定可靠、骨愈合率高等特点,为齿状突骨折合并伸直型寰枢关节半脱位患者提供了一种较好的治疗方法.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.