伪聋52例的临床分析

目的通过准确的听力评估,鉴别听力损害与伪聋。方法运用纯音听阈测试、声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)和40Hz相关电位(40Hz—AERP)为一组测试组合,以客观测试的结果来印证主观测试的准确性,对患者进行心理暗示,以取得真实的纯音听阈。结果 303例外伤后导致听力下降者中有伪聋者52例(72耳),占同期外伤性聋的58%,其中男性40例,女性12例。结论通过测试组合的方式,并经心理暗示方法可明确伪聋的诊断。     

外伤后听觉损害的评估

用综合听力测试方法对外伤后听阈测试困难的４００例５３１耳进行了听力损害的鉴别。真实纯音听阈（ＰＴＡ）检出率达９５．２９％。发现有听力损害者占８２．１１％，其中与外伤有关者占６８．８１％。具有非器质性聋因素者占７７．５９％，其中夸大性聋占（受检耳）５７．２５％，伪聋占１６．２０％，功能性聋占４．１４％。对真实ＰＴＡ检出的必要性、可能性、方法及对非器质性聋的处理原则进行了讨论。     

外伤后听觉损害的评估

用综合听力测度方法对外伤后听阈测试困难的４００例５３１耳进行了听力损害的鉴别。真实纯音听阈（ＰＴＡ）检出率达９５．２９％。发现有听力损害者占８２．１１％。其中与外伤有关者占６８．８１％。具有非器质性聋因素者占７７．５９％，其中夸大性聋占（受检耳）５７．２５％，伪聋占１６．２０％，功能性聋占４．１４％。对真实ＰＴＡ检出的必要性、可能性、方法及对非器质性聋的处理原则进行了讨论。     

客观测听技术在鉴别伪聋中的临床应用

目的探讨聋人运动员伪聋鉴别客观、有效的测听方法。方法运用畸变产物耳声发射技术（distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE）对聋人运动员进行听力初筛,初筛通过者再行中耳声导抗测试,应用声镫骨肌反射客观性推算其听敏度。对伪聋检查结果有异议的运动员和需做听神经病鉴别的运动员,再行脑干电反应测昕。结果初筛855人共有5名运动员8耳通过耳声发射检查,DPOAE耳通过率为0．47％,人通过率为0．58％。复查中耳声导抗测试3人4耳引出镫骨肌反射且阈值正常。脑干电反应测昕2人反应阈正常,2人反应阈≥100 dB nHL。结论耳声发射、中耳声导抗测试和脑干电反应测听可作为聋人运动员伪聋鉴别客观、有效的测听方法。     

畸变产物耳声发射对耳蜗性聋和耳蜗后性聋的鉴别诊断意义

目的 探讨畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）鉴别诊断耳蜗性聋和耳蜗后性聋的意义。方法 采用ILO96耳动态分析仪对49例耳蜗性聋和4例耳蜗后性聋进行DPOAE测试。结果 耳蜗性聋组的DPOAE图显示出DPOAE幅值随纯音听阈的升高有不同程度的下降,并显示出很好的频率特异性,当纯音听阈＞50dBHL时,DPOAE消失。耳蜗后性聋组的DPOAE图显示出的DPOAE幅值变化不明显,仍在正常范围,与纯音听阈长吭程度缺乏相对应关系。结论 DPOAE是一种有效的辅助性鉴别诊断耳蜗性聋和耳蜗后性聋的方法。     

言语识别阈(SRT)在伪聋鉴别中的临床意义

目的探讨言语识别阈(speech recognition threshold，SRT)在伪聋鉴别中的临床意义。方法对外伤后自述听力下降的139名患者进行综合听力测试，以综合测试的结果与SRT判断伪聋的结果比较。结果SRT诊断伪聋敏感性达84％，特异性达94％，准确性为89％。结论SRT诊断伪聋简便易行、特异性高、可靠性好，值得推广。     

耳声发射正常的听觉障碍类型

目的：分析总结临床中耳声发射正常的听觉障碍类型。方法：对83例听觉障碍患者行纯音听阈、阻抗、听性脑干反应（ABR）、40Hz AERP、自发性耳声发射（SOAE）、瞬态耳声发射（TEOAE）、畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）测试及CT和（或）MRI扫描。结果：耳声发射（OAE）正常的听觉障碍包括：①听神经病68例;②听神经瘤2例;③皮层聋或中枢性聋3例;④听觉过敏2例;⑤功能性聋2例;⑥伪聋6例。结论：耳声发射检测在蜗后性聋、中枢性聋、非器质性聋和其他一些特殊类型听觉障碍的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要临床意义。     

对感音神经性聋的几种耳声发射观察

采用耳动态分析仪ILO－92对369例感音神经性聋患者进行了畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）、瞬态诱恨性耳声发射（TEOAE）和自发性耳声发射（SOAE）测试。结果表明：DPOAE可以准确地反映患耳相应的频率损失范围，其出率和幅值与主观听阈水平有关。对所有患耳均进行了SOAE测试，检出率为9.4%，低于听力正常人49％的检出率；其中蜗后性听力损失耳的SOAE检出率为100％。由于任何早期的耳蜗病理变化均可对OAE作出反应，故它可对感音神经性听力下降患者的耳蜗功能作出早期预测和评估。     

畸变产物耳声发射测试对噪声性聋诊断的敏感度和特异度

目的 探讨畸变产物耳声发射测试对噪声性聋的诊断价值。方法 对115名军人（204耳）进行DPOAE幅值测试,采用两个等强度L1＝L2＝70dB SPL的纯音信号f1、f2＝1．2。测试1、2、4kHz和6kHz DPOAE幅值,根据DPOAE幅值是否大于或小于标准值,判断听力正常与否。并同纯音听阈进行对照。结果 1、2、4和6kHz各频率的敏感度分别是70％、67％、85％和73％;特异度分别是71％、66％、84％和75％。结论 DPOAE幅值测试用于诊断噪声性聋,缺乏足够的敏感性和特异性,单一的DPOAE幅值测试,不能诊断噪声性聋。     

感音神经性聋患儿客观测听评估与特征分析

目的：综合评估低龄感音神经性聋患儿蜗性及蜗后病变的临床听力学特点及其与中枢性神经系统病变的关系;并对比观察不同客观测听技术的特征。方法：选取1998－2000年间资料完整的感音神经性聋患儿共310例（500耳）,年龄1个月－6岁,平均年龄24．23个月。根据神经康复科的专科评估,分为伴随中枢神经系统病变听力障碍组和不伴随中枢神经系统病变听力障碍组;前者又根据中枢性病变的病理特征及发病特征分为核黄疸－脑瘫,外部性脑积水和其它中枢性病变3小组。设立同年龄段对照组60例（104耳）。每一组组员同时检测听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem responses,ABR)和畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE),对此观察不同组别间ABR波V阈值及DPOAE各自的特点,同一组间不同ABR波V阈值耳DPOAE的变化特征。结果：（1）低龄感音神经性聋患儿中伴随有中枢神经系统病变者比例高（41％）。（2）伴随有中枢神经系统病变的患儿中,核黄疸－脑瘫常导致严重的蜗后性听力损失,耳蜗功能也轻度受累;外部性脑积水仅导致轻度蜗后听力损失;其它以大脑皮层受累为主的中枢性病变一般不累及耳蜗功能,（3）蜗性听力损失者,ABR波V阈值达60dB nHL时,DPOAE幅值明显下降,达70dB nHL以上者,DPOAE幅值严重下降或消失。结论：感音神经性聋患儿常伴有中枢性神经系统病变,并表现出听力障碍特征的多样性,因此,在临床上需进行跨学科多手段的综合评估。才能作出客观正确的诊断。     

儿童单侧听神经病附三例分析

目的 探讨儿童单侧听神经病的听力学特征。方法 对3例单侧听神经病患儿进行纯音听阈(PTT)、声反射(AR)、听性脑干反应(ABR)和畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)检查，并对其结果进行综合分析。结果 3例患儿的PTT均呈1侧耳听力正常，另1侧耳听力丧失。健耳的同侧和交叉AR能引出，患耳的同侧和交叉AR未能引出。健耳的ABR各波潜伏期正常，患耳的ABR各波未能引出。双耳DPOAE各频率反应幅值正常。结论：DPOAE正常或基本正常，PTT、AR和ABR异常是听神经病的重要特征。单侧听神经病的听力学特征与双侧听神经病基本一致。对儿童表现为单侧感音神经性聋者宜进行系统的听力学检查，以期作出正确的诊断。     

缺铁性贫血患者的畸变产物耳声发射研究

目的:观察缺铁性贫血患者畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)的变化。方法:体检人群按血红蛋白及血清铁蛋白检查结果分组,正常对照组30例60耳,缺铁性贫血患者组30例60耳,分别行DPOAE检查,以4 kHz频率点为观察点。结果:缺铁性贫血患者的DPOAE幅值在4 kHz频率点较正常对照组下降,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:缺铁性贫血患者DPOAE幅值下降,可导致感音神经性聋。     

伴感音神经性聋耳鸣的心理声学和听力学特征

目的:研究伴感音神经性聋耳鸣的心理声学特征测试及听力学的特征。方法:选取感音神经性聋耳鸣患者61例(79耳)作为实验组,选取25例(50耳)听力正常且无耳鸣的志愿者作对照组,分别检测2组对象的纯音测听、声导抗测试、耳鸣检测、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE),并进行统计学分析。结果:实验组平均后效抑制阳性率为51.3%,其中耳鸣掩蔽曲线为汇聚型者掩蔽效果较好;实验组与对照组DPOAE的通过率差异有统计学意义,实验组(15.2%)低于对照组(96.0%);在500～8 000Hz各个频率点实验组DPOAE幅值低于对照组有统计学意义。结论:耳鸣心理声学测试能够更全面了解耳鸣详细的心理声学特征资料,对耳鸣康复指导提供更加详尽量化指标依据,DPOAE测试可以辅助对耳鸣患者耳蜗病变的诊断。     

Clinical relevance of distortion product emissions by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

The clinical use of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) stems from the observation that the outer hair cells are the most vulnerable part of the cochlea, and damage to these cells is associated with hearing loss and loss of DPOAE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of DPOAE in predicting hearing thresholds under clinical conditions. DPOAE measurements (L1 = L2 = 70 dB SPL. f2/f1 = 1.20) of 219 hearing-impaired and normal hearing ears were analyzed. Recordings were acquired for DPOAE at 2 f1-f2 varying from 635 to 4052 Hz. The detectability of DPOAE in hearing-impaired subjects exhibited a strong hearing threshold dependence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity for threshold levels of about 30 dB at low frequencies and for threshold levels of about 60 dB at high frequencies. In addition, the separability of groups with different hearing status was more reliable at high frequencies as compared to low frequencies. The DPOAE provide an objective assessment of cochlear function. However, prognosis of hearing thresholds on the basis of DPOAE measurements depends strongly on the test frequency and is associated with large errors. Hence, the clinical use of DPOAE in predicting hearing thresholds is limited.     

遗传性无综合征耳聋一家系畸变产物耳声发射测试

目的 探索遗传性进行性无综合征耳聋患者的听功能改变特点。方法 一个常染色体显性遗传进行性无综合征耳聋家系５２名成员及听力正常组１５名,进行了纯音测试及畸变产行耳中发射（ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ,ＤＰＯＡＥ）测试。结果 无综合征耳有系中３４名成员纯音测试为感音神经性夺聋,其中纯音听阀均值（ｐｕｒｅ ｔｏｎｅ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ,ＰＴ）≥４０ｄＢ的５     

畸变产物耳声发射对侧抑制效应的临床应用价值

目的：为观察畸变产物耳声发射（ＤＰＯＡＥ）对侧抑制效应的临床应用价值。方法：研究以白噪声为对侧声刺激,对１７例正常人（３４耳）,１３例蜗性聋（１３耳）,９例蜗后聋（９耳）进行了ＤＰＯＡＥ及其对偶抑制效应测试。结果：蜗性聋耳的ＤＰＯＡＥ幅值较正常耳显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,对偶抑制效应减弱,但与正常人差异无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）,蜗后聋耳ＤＰＯＡＥ幅值高于正常耳（Ｐ〉０．０５）,对侧抑制效应显著     

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in humans with high frequency sensorineural hearing loss

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and pure-tone behavioral thresholds were compared in 20 ears with normal hearing and in 20 ears with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. The purpose was to determine if DPOAE amplitude is associated with pure-tone behavioral threshold. Comparison of results from the two groups of ears indicated that DPOAEs were reduced in amplitude or were absent in ears with high-frequency hearing loss. The differences occurred at frequencies above 1,500 Hz. Comparing results from 750 to 8,000 Hz within the same ear revealed a frequency-related correspondence of elevated behavioral threshold to reduced DPOAE amplitude. When behavioral thresholds were better than 20 dB HL, DPOAE amplitude was within the range (+/- 2 SDs) determined for the ears with normal hearing. When pure-tone threshold was greater than 50 dB HL, DPOAEs were absent or were significantly attenuated in 16/17 subjects (94%). The association of emission level with behavioral threshold level was variable when threshold was between these two extremes. Results imply that the measurement of DPOAEs has clinical potential as a means of detecting hearing loss by frequency.     

Diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss with neural networks versus logistic regression modeling of distortion product otoacoustic emissions

We investigated whether modeling with artificial neural networks or logistic regression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), across diverse frequencies, may achieve an accurate diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of cochlear origin. 256 ears (90 with SNHL and 166 with normal hearing) were evaluated with pure-tone audiometry, impedance audiometry, speech audiometry and DPOAE. Ears were split into training (n = 176) and validation (n = 80) sets. Input variables included gender, age, examination time, DPOAE intensity at F(2) frequencies 593, 937, 1906, 3812 and 6031 Hz, and respective values corrected for noise levels. In the validation data set, an average network had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (accuracy 84%). Logistic regressions including all these variables or those selected by backward elimination had AUC values of 0.91 and 0.92, respectively (accuracy 85% both). Eleven of 12 trained networks had better specificity than the backward elimination logistic regression, and the backward elimination logistic regression had a better sensitivity than 11 of the 12 networks. Both modeling approaches correctly identified all ears with sudden hearing loss, congenital hearing loss, head trauma, nuclear jaundice and ototoxicity, and 2-3 of 5 ears with acoustic trauma, but missed 1-3 of 3 ears with Ménière's disease and 4-6 of 8 ears with abnormal pure-tone thresholds on audiometry which had no accompanying findings. For SNHL exceeding 45 dB HL on a pure-tone threshold, sensitivity was 83% (15/18) by neural networks and 84 or 94% (16/18 or 17/18) by logistic regression. Both neural-network-based analysis and logistic regression modeling of the DPOAE pattern across a range of frequencies offer promising approaches for the objective diagnosis of moderate and severe SNHL.     

驾驶人员畸变产物耳声发射检测与纯音听力测试相关性

目的 探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在检测驾驶人员听力损失的可行性和运用价值.方法 选择纯音听力测试听阈提高的驾驶人员作为检查组30例(60耳);正常体检人员作为对照组20例(40耳),分别进行纯音听力测试和DPOAE测试,比较两组结果.结果 检查组纯音听力测试2、4、8 kHz频率明显提高,与对照组比较差异有统计...