Alport综合征临床分析

目的总结Alport综合征的临床表现，尤其是眼部特征。方法回顾性分析32例被确诊为Alport综合征患者的内科、耳鼻喉科和眼科检查结果。结果所有患者均有不同程度的。肾脏病变：18例有。肾衰，4例肾功能不全，10例血尿。20例患者有感音神经性耳聋。13例患者有眼部异常表现，其中5例为典型性改变：前圆锥晶体3例，黄斑周围斑点2例。结论眼部异常不是Alport综合征诊断的必需条件，但因其典型的眼科表现应当引起眼科医师的注意。     

Alport综合征的临床表现

目的:分析Alport综合征患者的临床表现和眼部病变的特征。方法:对近21a来我院确诊的31例Alport综合征患者的资料进行回顾性分析,记录其一般情况、家族史、眼部、肾功能及耳科检查结果等。结果:患者中男21例(68%),女10例(32%)。确诊年龄19.8±9.7岁。患者中有17例满足3项以上诊断标准(55%),另外14例均进行了肾穿刺活检电镜检查支持诊断。12例有眼部异常(39%),4例同时有前锥形晶状体和黄斑周围视网膜斑点2项;1例仅有晶状体异常;7例仅有视网膜斑点。28例进行肾穿(90%),电镜检查符合诊断。20例有家族史(64%)。21例有听力障碍(68%)。结论:Alport综合征患者中眼部异常的表现有独特性;了解眼部病变特征并结合全身病史有助于疾病的诊断和随诊。     

Alport综合征眼部表现

目的 分析Alport综合征眼部病变的特征和发病情况,提高对此病的认识。方法 对14年来我院确诊的5名Alport综合征患者的资料进行回顾性分析,记录其一般情况、家族史、眼部、肾功能及耳科检查结果等。结果 患者均为男性。4人双眼具有典型Alport综合征眼部异常。3人接受肾活检明确诊断,3人有家族史。全部患者均有不同程度的血尿和感音神经性耳聋。结论 青年Alport综合征患者中眼部异常的发生率并不低,其表现有独特性;了解眼部病变特征燕结合全身病史可以提高疾病的确诊率。     

儿童Alport综合征眼部表现

目的探讨儿童Alport综合征的眼部表现。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京大学第一医院儿科确诊的3~16岁Alport综合征患者19例。方法分析患儿的性别、年龄、病程、听力检查、肾功能检查等资料,以及详细的眼部检查结果包括视力、裂隙灯检查、散瞳眼底检查、彩色眼底照相等。主要指标年龄、病程、裂隙灯检查、散瞳眼底检查所见。结果 7/19例(36.8%)患者具有眼部改变,其中斑点样视网膜改变3例,周边视网膜色素紊乱及血管白鞘4例,晶状体混浊2例,因白内障已行手术治疗1例。2例患者慢性肾功能不全;3例患者感音神经性耳聋。结论儿童Alport综合征患者眼部异常出现较少且较轻,可能与患者年龄较小有关。本文报告的部分患儿发现周边视网膜色素紊乱及血管白鞘是否为其特征性改变有待进一步观察。     

Alport综合征眼部表现

Alport综合征(Alport syndrome,AS)是一种主要累及肾脏,同时伴眼、耳等其他器官损害的遗传性疾病,具有多种遗传方式.临床上以进行性肾功能损害、高频感音神经性耳聋、眼部改变为特征.AS可伴有多种眼部改变,但通常认为特征性眼部异常仅包括前圆锥状晶状体、黄斑部视网膜斑点及赤道部视网膜斑点三种.AS患者的眼部表现不仅有助于本病的诊断,亦有助于评价肾脏损害的程度及预后.眼部治疗主要针对影响视力的前圆锥状晶状体患者,超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术是较为理想的选择,可取得良好的疗效.     

Alport综合征眼部表现及其病理机制研究进展

Alport综合征(Alport syndrome，AS)是一种累及肾脏、耳、眼的基底膜结构异常的遗传性疾病，发病率约为1：5000。其眼部异常的报道较少见，但对疾病的诊断却有重要的价值，眼部异常相关病理机制分析将为我们揭开眼部异常发生的真正原因，对于疾病的认识和治疗具有重要意义。     

Fabry病眼科临床表现分析

目的总结Fabry病患者的眼部特征表现。方法 回顾性分析12个家系中16例被确诊为Fabry病患者的眼科检查结果。结果 16例患者中,15例(93.8%)患者出现眼部异常,其中6例(37.5%)患者出现结膜血管迂曲和扩张;9例(56.3%)患者出现角膜轮辐状混浊;10例(62.5%)患者出现晶状体混浊;12例(75.0%)患者出现视网膜血管迂曲和扩张,1例患者表现为视网膜中央静脉栓塞。结论 Fabry病常伴有典型的眼部异常表现,应引起临床眼科医师的注意。     

良性颅内压增高症的眼部表现

目的: 探讨良性颅内压增高症的眼部特点。方法: 回顾性分析在西安市第四医院神经内科确诊且经眼科会诊的良性颅内压增高症患者21例42眼的临床资料,包括患者视力、裂隙灯显微镜、散瞳后眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影及全脑血管造影、头部影像学检查等资料。结果: 患者21例中,14例(67%)因眼部症状首诊于眼科。初诊视力:无光感者1眼(2%),手动/眼前～0.1者5眼(12%),0.2～1.0者16眼(38%),1.0以上者20眼(48%)。眼前节检查可见1眼(2%)因外展神经麻痹而出现外斜视。散瞳眼底检查,10例(48%)患者可见双眼视乳头水肿,1例患者(5%)单眼视乳头水肿,2例(10%)患者(3眼)出现视神经萎缩,余8例(38%)患者眼底无异常。结论: 良性颅内压增高症的眼部表现主要为视力下降和视乳头水肿,晚期可出现视神经萎缩。患者可因眼部症状首诊于眼科。眼科医师认识良性颅内压增高症的眼部表现特点,及时给予正确的诊断与治疗,可挽救患者的视功能。     

Alport综合征6例临床分析

目的总结Alport综合征的临床特征,尤其是[部表现。方法对6例Alport综合征患者的[部、电听力及肾功能检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果有[部改变者4例,高频感音性神经性耳聋者2例,肾功能衰竭者3例,肾组织活检示Alport综合征改变者2例,阳性家族史5例。结论对于有前锥形晶体和/或视网膜黄斑周围微粒改变者应行肾活检以确诊Alport综合症。     

脑干梗死早期眼球运动异常的特点

目的分析脑干梗死早期眼球运动异常的特点,评价其在早期诊断中的意义。方法收集287例脑干梗死患者的临床资料,选取其中以复视为首发症状的24例患者。回顾性分析所纳入患者的眼部表现、伴随症状及相关检查。结果24例患者中男19例,女5例;发病年龄42～81岁,中位数为64岁。发病危险因素:83.3%(20/24)患者有高血压病史,37.5%(9/24)患冠心病,29.2%(7/24)患糖尿病,12.5%(3/24)患房颤。在伴随症状中,87.5%的患者伴有头晕,16.7%伴有恶心,16.7%伴有肢体共济失调,8.3%伴有眩晕,4.2%伴有对侧肢体无力。发病部位:脑桥梗死14例(58.3%),中脑9例(37.5%),延髓1例(4.2%)。中脑梗死患者的眼肌麻痹均为核性动眼神经麻痹,其中眼球内转异常出现最多(8例)。脑桥梗死引起的眼球运动异常表现多样,有3例表现为核间性眼肌麻痹,3例外展神经麻痹,2例核性动眼神经麻痹,1例为不全性Horner综合征,10例伴有眼球震颤。结论脑干梗死患者眼球运动异常的主要特点包括核性眼肌麻痹、核间性眼肌麻痹、眼球震颤等,神经眼科体征对脑干梗死早期诊断具有提示作用。     

Ocular manifestations of Alport syndrome

AIM： To analyze the clinical manifestation of Alport syndrome, especially the ocular features. METHODS: The physical, ophthalmologic and audiologic examination results of thirty-two patients with Alport syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty (93.7%) patients had some family history. All patients had renal disease: eighteen (56.3%) patients with chronic renal failure, four (12.5%) patients with renal insufficiency, and the other ten (31.3%) patients with hematuria. Twenty (62.5%) patients had sensorineural deafness. Thirteen (40.6%) patients had ocular deformity, five (15.7%) patients had typical ocular changes: three patients with anterior lenticonus, and two patients with macular flecks. CONCLUSION: Ocular anomalies are not requisite for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. But its typical ocular features should be recognized by the ophthalmologists which supports the diagnosis.     

Ophthalmologic assessment of young patients with Alport syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Alport syndrome is an X-linked disease affecting basement membrane collagen. It is characterized by nephritis associated with high-tone sensorineural hearing impairment and ophthalmic signs. Although ocular changes have been described in adults, few data exist regarding the incidence of abnormal ocular features in adolescence and childhood. METHODS: Fifteen male and five female patients with Alport syndrome underwent ophthalmologic, audiologic, and nephrologic assessments. All patients studied had hematuria and a positive family history of Alport syndrome. Thirteen patients had a renal biopsy that showed characteristic electron microscopic changes of the disease. Eleven patients had high-tone sensorineural impairment. Electrophysiologic investigations performed included electroretinography, visual-evoked potentials, and electro-oculography. RESULTS: Two patients had early signs of anterior lenticonus, three had flecks in the retina, and two patients also had posterior subcapsular cataracts. None of the patients had significant electrophysiologic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ocular changes are uncommon and subtle in young patients with Alport syndrome, and suggest that the signs increase in frequency and severity with age.     

Posterior polymorphous dystrophy and Alport syndrome

Seventeen Thai patients from nine families with Alport syndrome underwent complete ocular examination and specular microscopy. Fourteen (82.3%) patients had ocular changes. Eleven (64.7%) had endothelial vesicles compatible with posterior polymorphous dystrophy. Four of these also had subepithelial opacities, a previously undescribed phenomenon. Other ocular changes included lenticonus and macular and midperipheral retinal flecks. A second group of 18 consecutive patients from 14 families with posterior polymorphous dystrophy detected during routine ocular examination underwent renal evaluation. Five had hematuria, four of whom had sensorineural hearing loss. Two of the four patients also had characteristic renal biopsy findings. Another had sensorineural hearing loss without hematuria, and renal biopsy showed a thin glomerular basement membrane. Posterior polymorphous dystrophy is a common but frequently overlooked finding in Alport syndrome. The frequent association of these two hereditary conditions suggests a common defect in basement membrane formation. Patients with posterior polymorphous dystrophy should be examined for renal abnormalities and hearing loss.     

Absence of ocular manifestations in autosomal dominant Alport syndrome associated with haematological abnormalties

Most patients with Alport syndrome have X-linked or autosomal recessive disease that is characterised by renal failure, hearing loss, and, in nearly 75% of the cases, a dot-and-fleck retinopathy and anterior lenticonus. There are only case reports of individuals with the rare autosomal dominant form, who can have haematuria or renal failure, deafness, and, in addition, low platelet counts and neutrophil inclusions. The ocular features of autosomal dominant inheritance have not been described. We have examined the eyes in the members of two families where Alport syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical features and family history, and where autosomal dominant inheritance was confirmed by father-to-son disease transmission, the associated haematological abnormalities, and haplotypes that segregated with the recently described locus at chromosome 22q. In Family A, the eyes of two individuals with haematuria, hearing loss, and haematological abnormalities and of nine unaffected family members were examined. In Family B, the eyes of two individuals with renal failure, normal hearing, and haematological abnormalities were examined. None of the affected or unaffected members in either family had a dot-and-fleck retinopathy, anterior lenticonus, a history suggesting recurrent corneal erosions, or corneal dystrophy. These results indicate that the protein abnormality in autosomal dominant Alport syndrome does not produce the retinopathy and lenticonus typical of X-linked and autosomal recessive disease. This may be because the abnormal protein is not present or is less important in the ocular basement membranes than elsewhere, or because the presence of a normal allele in autosomal dominant disease compensates for the defective allele.     

Absence of ocular manifestations in autosomal dominant Alport syndrome associated with haematological abnormalties

Most patients with Alport syndrome have X-linked or autosomal recessive disease that is characterised by renal failure, hearing loss, and, in nearly 75% of the cases, a dot-and-fleck retinopathy and anterior lenticonus. There are only case reports of individuals with the rare autosomal dominant form, who can have haematuria or renal failure, deafness, and, in addition, low platelet counts and neutrophil inclusions. The ocular features of autosomal dominant inheritance have not been described. We have examined the eyes in the members of two families where Alport syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical features and family history, and where autosomal dominant inheritance was confirmed by father-to-son disease transmission, the associated haematological abnormalities, and haplotypes that segregated with the recently described locus at chromosome 22q. In Family A, the eyes of two individuals with haematuria, hearing loss, and haematological abnormalities and of nine unaffected family members were examined. In Family B, the eyes of two individuals with renal failure, normal hearing, and haematological abnormalities were examined. None of the affected or unaffected members in either family had a dot-and-fleck retinopathy, anterior lenticonus, a history suggesting recurrent corneal erosions, or corneal dystrophy. These results indicate that the protein abnormality in autosomal dominant Alport syndrome does not produce the retinopathy and lenticonus typical of X-linked and autosomal recessive disease. This may be because the abnormal protein is not present or is less important in the ocular basement membranes than elsewhere, or because the presence of a normal allele in autosomal dominant disease compensates for the defective allele.     

Giant macular hole in Alport syndrome

CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old woman with Alport syndrome presented with unilateral visual deterioration over an 8-year period. She had the rare ocular complication of a giant macular hole. She developed a small macular hole in the other eye. COMMENTS: The ocular features of Alport syndrome are described, including proposed mechanisms for hole formation.