慢性肾脏病患者全段甲状旁腺激素水平分析

目的 观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)不同分期患者血清全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)与血清肌酐(Scr)、钙、磷的变化.方法 测定111例CKD患者及30例健康者(对照组)血清iPTH、Scr、钙、磷水平.结果 CKD3、4、5期患者血清iPTH、Scr、磷水平高于对照组及CKD1、2期患者(P＜0.05).CKD3、4、5期患者血清钙水平低于对照组及CKD1、2期患者(P＜0.05).结论 CKD患者自3期起出现外周血iPTH水平明显升高,发生钙、磷代谢紊乱.     

骨化三醇对慢性肾衰竭继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者血全段甲状旁腺激素的影响

目的探讨骨化三醇对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)继发甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)患者血全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)的影响。方法选择106例CRF患者为研究对象,分为研究组和对照组各53例,对照组采用常规方法治疗,研究组在此治疗基础上加用骨化三醇治疗6个月,比较治疗前后iPTH、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、肌酐(Cr)水平变化并统计分析。结果研究组与对照组治疗前血iPTH、Cr、Ca和P的水平均无统计学差异,治疗后研究组血iPTH、Cr显著低于对照组,血Ca水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血P水平无显著变化(P0.05)。结论骨化三醇治疗CRF患者的SHPT取得了较好的效果,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

Unexpected serum parathyroid hormone profiles in some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

BACKGROUND: Third-generation parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays have been reported to measure only intact PTH(1-84), in contrast to second-generation assays, which also detect PTH(7-84) fragments. Higher PTH measurements were observed with third- than with second-generation PTH assays in a few patients with either severe primary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid carcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed biological data [second- and third-generation PTH assays, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), calcium, and phosphate concentrations] obtained before and after surgery for 2 groups of patients selected from a large series of consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT): 7 female patients with surgically and histologically confirmed PHPT (group 1) and a matched group (group 2). RESULTS: For group 1 but not group 2, PTH concentrations measured by third-generation PTH assays before surgery were higher than those measured by the second-generation assays. Circulating 25-OHD, calcium, and phosphate concentrations were similar in both groups. In addition, PTH values measured with the third-generation PTH assays in group 1 decreased after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that third-generation PTH assays do not measure only PTH(1-84). The frequency of this unexpected finding of markedly lower PTH concentrations than previously reported was approximately 5% in patients with PHPT without malignancy. We do not know whether the presence of this unexpected profile is predictive of malignancy.     

Unusual presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism with osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and normal parathyroid hormone level

We report the case of a woman with osteoporosis, chronic hypercalcemia, and normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Surgical exploration revealed hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Hypercalcemia was corrected immediately by surgery, and this was followed by a dramatic improvement in bone mineral density. This case represents a rarely reported presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism with an atypical laboratory finding.     

Stability and validity of intact parathyroid hormone levels in different sample types and storage conditions

BackgroundSeveral pre‐analytical factors can affect the measurement of intact Parathyroid Hormone (IPTH). In this study, we have investigated the effects of using different types of tubes, time elapsed before separation, and storage conditions over time on the measured values of IPTH.MethodBlood samples from 30 subjects were collected into plain, SST, and EDTA tubes. All serum and plasma were separated immediately (first set) and after 2 hrs delay (second set). The first set of samples were aliquoted and stored at RT (25°C), at fridge (4°C), and freezer (−20°C). IPTH was measured in all the stored aliquots at 2,4, and 8 days after collection using Architect analyzer.ResultsPaired T test and ANOVA repeated measures showed no significant difference between IPTH levels in all tubes. The second set of serum and plasma were significantly lower (3.8% and 7.4%, p < 0.001, respectively) when compared to samples measured initially. Serum samples stored at RT were significantly lower (by 45%,59%, and 77%) on days 2,4, and 8 when compared to the initial time (p < 0.001 in all cases). Plasma samples stored at RT, were significantly lower on day 8 after collection, by 30.8% (p < 0.001). These differences would be clinically important.ConclusionPlasma IPTH can be stored at RT for up to four days. Both plasma and serum IPTH are not affected by a delay in the separation of up to two h and they can be stored for up to 8 days in a fridge or freezer without any clinically significant changes in their values.     

血清全段甲状旁腺激素水平对自体动静脉内瘘成熟的影响

目的 探讨慢性肾衰竭(chronic renal failure, CRF)患者血清全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone, iPTH)水平对自体动静脉内瘘(autogeneous arteriovenous fistule, AVF)成熟的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年5月于国药东风总医院肾脏内科住院并行AVF成形术患者108例,收集患者AVF成形术前一般资料、各项生化指标、双上肢动静脉彩色超声及术后2月桡动脉-头静脉瘘彩色超声。依据内瘘成熟情况分为AVF成熟组与AVF成熟不良组,分析两组术前一般资料、各项生化指标及影像学资料对AVF成熟的影响。结果 与AVF成熟不良组比较,AVF成熟组年龄较小、合并糖尿病占比较少、使用钙离子拮抗剂占比较少,血清iPTH、高敏C反应蛋白水平较低,头静脉内径较大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistc回归分析显示,年龄、高敏C反应蛋白、头静脉内径均是影响AVF成熟的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 年龄、高敏C反应蛋白、头静脉内径均是AVF成熟的独立危险因素。iPTH水平升高...     

Improved diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism by defining the inverse relationship between serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcium

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measured with a mid-region specific radioimmunoassay and total calcium were correlated in 300 healthy subjects and 158 patients with surgically verified primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). All the healthy individuals could be separated from the patients by a monoexponential declining curve in which iPTH at concentrations of 0.60 micrograms/l and 0.33 micrograms/l corresponded to calcium concentrations of 2.20 mmol/l and 2.60 mmol/l, respectively. In 22 patients more than one sample was analysed and serum iPTH and calcium were inversely correlated. In contrast, three patients with parathyroid carcinoma showed no reciprocal fluctuations between serum iPTH and calcium. Of 75 patients with hypercalcaemia due to malignant diseases (metastatic mammary carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, renal carcinoma, myelomatosis), 62 had a normal iPTH/calcium relationship. Two patients with myelomatosis had a temporary elevation of serum iPTH and calcium due to renal impairment. One patient with bronchial carcinoma probably had ectopic production of iPTH. The remaining 10 patients (six mammary carcinomas and four bronchial carcinomas) were found in the pathological iPTH/calcium range. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that an inverse relationship exists between serum iPTH and calcium in patients with non-malignant, primary HPT. Evaluation of iPTH and calcium in the same serum sample gave a correct diagnosis in more than 90% of patients with primary HPT.     

Primary hyperparathyroidism with multiple parathyroid gland enlargement: review of 53 cases.

Of 53 patients who had hyperparathyroidism assocated with multiple parathyroid gland enlargement, 39 (74%) had primary hyperparathyroidism without clinical or laboratory evidence of associated endocrine gland dysfunction, 2 had documented familial primary hyperparathyroidism, and 12 had hyperparathyroidism as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. When last studied, 31 of the 39 patients with nonfamilial hyperparathyroidism had normal serum calcium levels, 3 had permanent hypoparathyroidism, 2 had recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and 3 were lost to follow-up. The two patients with familial hyperparathyroidism were treated by removal only of enlarged parathyroid glands, and in each, hyperparathyroidism recurred. Five patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1, were treated by removal only of enlarged parathyroid glands, and hyperparathyroidism recurred in four. Four patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1, were treated by removal of three or more parathyroid glands, and there were no instances of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. In one patient, permanent hypoparathyroidism developed. Three patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type 2, had total parathyroidectomies as a part of thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma. In each patient, permanent hypoparathyroidism developed. When primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in the absence of a definite history of polyendocrine or familial disease, only the glands that are definitely enlarged should be removed, and normal-appearing glands should be tagged rather than risk the possibility of permanent hypoparathyroidism that may attend routine subtotal parathyroid gland excision.     

Circadian rhythm in serum parathyroid hormone concentration in human subjects: correlation with serum calcium, phosphate, albumin, and growth hormone levels

A circadian variation in serum calcium, albumin and PTH concentration in normal subjects has been demonstrated. The levels of the three blood constituents were remarkably constant during the day, but striking night and early morning changes occurred. Serum calcium levels were highest at 8:00 p.m. and reached a nadir between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m. Serum albumin levels were parallel to those of serum calcium. PTH levels began to rise after 8:00 p.m., reached the highest levels between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m., and fell to baseline values by 8:00 a.m. The nocturnal fall in serum calcium levels appears to be secondary to dilution of serum proteins by increasing blood volume. The nocturnal rise in PTH levels appears to be independent of serum calcium levels within the normal range but it can be abolished by induced hypercalcemia.     

Correlation between serum calcium levels and dual-phase (99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy in primary hyperparathyroidism

Aim: The goal of the study is to correlate serum calcium levels with the results of dual‐phase ^99mTc‐sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy to find the best cut‐off level of the serum calcium that correlates with a positive presurgery. Methods: In 111 patients, serum calcium and plasma parathormone (PTH) levels were compared with the results of the ^99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy and with this data determined the level of calcium above which the ^99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy was likely to be positive and below which the study was likely to be negative. Results: In total, 11 men (18%) and 50 women (82%) had a positive ^99mTc‐MIBI study. Overall 67% of those patients with a positive ^99mTc‐MIBI study had a PTH >200 ng l^?1 compared to only 9% of those with a negative ^99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy; however, for those with a positive study on an early ^99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy, this rose to 85%. Overall a serum calcium of >2·70 mmol l^?1 was found in 82% of patients with a positive ^99mTc‐MIBI study but only 14% of those with a negative ^99mTc‐MIBI study, this is rose to 97% of patients with a parathyroid adenoma identified on early images. It is also shown that patients whose serum total calcium <2·51 mmol l^?1 rarely have positive ^99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy. Conclusion: ^99mTc‐MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy is most likely to yield identification and localization of a parathyroid adenoma when both PTH and calcium are elevated; however, although there is no lower limit of PTH which can predict a negative study, we cannot recommend ^99mTc‐MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy if the serum calcium is <2·51 mmol l^?1.