试论卫生服务研究中诸方面的关系

在卫生服务系统中存在着复杂的关系,我们将卫生服务系统分为卫生服务的消费者和卫生服务的提供者。这样就可以从消费者和提供者的关系中来探讨卫生服务研究中的各个方面及其相互关系,以指导卫生服务研究。一、卫生服务研究中各个方面卫生需要是卫生服务消费者卫生健康状况的客观反映,它是由卫生专业人员根据客观存在的卫生健康问题,而确定的卫生服务消费者对卫生服务的需要。由于客观上存在着卫生需要,消费者     

初级卫生保健统计知识

第七讲卫生服务利用指标分析卫生服务利用是描述卫生服务系统工作的客观指标。分析卫生服务利用的程度是检查卫生服务工作效率和潜力的一种常用手段。卫生服务利用指标能够直接反映卫生系统的工作,间接地通过卫生工作而对人群健康状况施加实际影响。在缺乏健康状况资料的情况下,分析卫生服务利用程度可以衡量卫生工作的效率。卫生服务利用量是受卫生资源状况及人群医疗需要量的制约,充分发挥卫生部门的主动性,可以使有限卫生资源充分发挥潜力,提高卫生服务的利用率。因此,分析卫生服务利用程度,常常是评价卫生事业的社会效     

第三次国家卫生服务调查主要结果

探讨我国卫生服务.采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,展开卫生服务调查,了解城乡居民卫生服务需求的变化趋势以及医疗卫生服务中存在的主要问题.结果提示:①我国城乡公共卫生状况、居民卫生知识不断提高,健康行为逐步改善.②我国城乡居民卫生服务需要量增加,但医疗服务的利用明显下降.③城乡之间卫生服务利用的差异明显,城市、农村不同人群之间卫生服务利用的差异有扩大趋势.     

小工业社区职业卫生服务模式效果评估

[目的 ]评估上海桃浦地区试行的小工业社区职业卫生服务模式。 [方法 ]分析接受社区职业卫生服务的10 9家小工业的职业卫生服务现状 ,并通过与基线调查资料对比 ,评估小工业社区职业卫生服务模式的近期效果。 [结果 ]社区职业卫生服务进展顺利 ,接受社区职业卫生签约服务的小工业的各项职业卫生评价指标均显著高于基线调查资料 ,且社区职业卫生服务发展态势良好。 [结论 ]通过分析与评估表明 ,小工业社区职业卫生服务近期效果显著。在目前小工业经济基础较为薄弱的情况下 ,通过社区职业卫生服务 ,能迅速提高小工业职业卫生水平 ,而且社区职业卫生服务适应WTO的需求 ,符合国家的政策导向     

加拿大健康服务整合:实践与启示

系统梳理了近年来有关加拿大卫生服务整合的文献和政策文件,归纳了安大略省、阿尔伯塔省和魁北克省的卫生服务整合实践及方式,包括卫生组织机构间整合、卫生服务团队整合以及一系列卫生服务整合,并总结组织机构间整合的促成因素和阻碍因素以及具体的整合策略。结合中国实际,提出我国在推进卫生服务整合过程中应坚持以政府为主导,充分发挥市场机制的积极作用,通过基层卫生服务的网络式管理与组团式服务,将重点人群和特定疾病的卫生服务整合视为战略重点,发挥护士在卫生服务整合中的助推作用,建设有利于整合的卫生信息系统,不断推进分级诊疗并弥合割裂的卫生服务体系,为居民提供个性化、方便、综合、连续的整合型卫生服务。     

昆山市涉外工业企业员工对职业卫生服务需求的现状调查

了解涉外企业对职业卫生服务的需求,为更好地开展职业卫生服务提供对策。采用问卷调查方法,对昆山市部分涉外企业工人职业卫生服务需求方面进行调查。结果显示,工人均具备一定的职业卫生知识,多数工人具有良好的职业卫生行为,半数以上工人对现有的劳动条件不满,工人普遍对职业卫生服务需求强烈。提示,应鼓励企业开展职业卫生健康教育,提高职业卫生服务机构的服务能力,满足工人日益增长的职业卫生服务需求,扩大工人医疗保险覆盖率,为工人提供基本的医疗卫生保障。     

重庆市区域卫生服务现状分析

[目的]分析重庆市区域卫生服务的现状及影响因素. [方法]采用多阶段随机抽样方法对重庆市居民卫生服务状况进行问卷调查,内容包括家庭一般情况、住户成员健康状况、卫生服务利用现状等.[结果]重庆市3个区域的卫生服务存在一定差距,经济状况影响卫生服务的利用,经济条件越差的区域,居民的健康就越差.[结论]卫生服务的利用受经济的影响很大,因此,加强政府与个人在卫生服务方面的投入对提高卫生服务利用至关重要.     

社区妇女精神卫生服务需求的调查分析

目的:了解武汉市社区妇女精神卫生服务需求的特点,为社区精神卫生服务的管理提供科学依据。方法:采用自编社区精神卫生服务需求调查问卷对武汉市某社区妇女300人进行调查。结果:社区妇女由于文化程度不同、年龄不同、婚姻状况不同对精神卫生服务内容及服务方式的选择存在差异,不能主动寻求精神卫生服务原因以及了解精神卫生服务途径也不一致。结论:在社区卫生服务中心应积极开展精神卫生服务,满足不同文化程度、不同婚姻状态、不同年龄社区妇女的精神卫生服务需求。     

基本卫生服务均等化界定、评价及衡量方法

论述了我国现阶段基本卫生服务的确定原则、界定方法以及包含的内容;辨析了基本卫生服务均等化的内涵;分析了基本卫生服务均等化评价指标:卫生服务资源分配的公平性、卫生服务利用的公平性、卫生服务筹资的公平性;并对基本卫生服务均等化的衡量进行了介绍.     

流动人口的卫生服务需要现状

卫生服务需要反映了人群应该获得的卫生服务及获得卫生服务的数量。流动人口已逐渐成为城市的一个庞大群体,流动人口的卫生服务需要问题也成为社会关注的热点问题。本文综述了卫生服务需要的定义、卫生服务需要的测量、流动人口的卫生服务需要现状,为全面了解流动人口的卫生服务需要情况,促进流动人口的健康提供依据。     

Solvents and malignancy

Despite the number of substances that fall under the rubric of solvent, only a few are considered to be potential carcinogens. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with an overview of the cancer data that exist for a number of solvents currently in commercial use. These solvents include chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride (dichloromethane) trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), and 1,4-dioxane. Although benzene also would be considered a solvent, the data concerning its carcinogenic potential are presented in another article in this issue and are not discussed in this article.     

Health and safety education for worker empowerment.

This article introduces a special issue of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine dedicated to innovative approaches to worker education in health and safety. Contributors to this issue describe applications of an "empowerment approach" in a wide variety of institutions and settings throughout the United States and Canada. In this article, empowerment education is presented and contrasted with other training methodologies. The article offers suggestions on how to implement this approach discusses evaluation issues, and summarizes the articles contained in this issue. Explored are preliminary outcomes of using this methodology and implications for developing educational programs in the future.     

呼吸机临床应用现状与对策

探讨呼吸机在临床急救和治疗工作中的重要意义,采用科学的管理方法加强呼吸机在临床应用中的管理,提高病人的救治率和设备的使用率。     

Emerging Issues and Future Directions of the Field of Health Communication

The interdisciplinary intersections between communication science and health-related fields are pervasive, with numerous differences in regard to epistemology, career planning, funding perspectives, educational goals, and cultural orientations. This article identifies and elaborates on these challenges with illustrative examples. Furthermore, concrete suggestions for future scholarship are recommended to facilitate compatible, coherent, and interdisciplinary health communication inquiry. The authors hope that this article helps current and future generations of health communication scholars to make more informed decisions when facing some of the challenges discussed in this article so that they will be able to seize the interdisciplinary and international potential of this unique and important field of study.     

学习型图书馆的创建

阐述了学习型图书馆的概念和特征,并从学习型组织这一理论出发,简要分析了创建学习型图书馆的意义,并在此基础上着重提出了创建学习型图书馆的措施和在创建过程中应注意的问题。     

Asian-American Adolescent Immigrants: The New York City Schools Experience

ABSTRACT: This article describes development and implementation of a school-based vaccination program that targeted Asian-American adolescents. The program was implemented by the Chinatown Health Clinic in New York City in two high schools and a junior high school in Lower Manhattan. The article examines strategies effective in vaccinating this varied group of adolescents. Rates of completion for the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine are compared between schools. Optional serology testing for hepatitis B infection was conducted as part of the school program and rates of infection in this population are presented. The article discusses the importance and effectiveness of school-based programs in providing essential health services to this group of adolescents.     

定性资料分析新思路

该文简单回顾了传统的定性资料分析方法(如类属分析和情境分析),并在实践基础上对传统分析方法作了有益补充,提出分析定性资料的新思路.文章分别介绍了传统分析方法和新思路的分析步骤及优缺点.     

Coping with regional variations: the case of surgery in Denmark.

This article examines some of the key research and policy issues that are emerging as a result of recent analyses of regional variations in health care. The article presents a historical background to this important new field of health services' research, and indicates, using some Danish examples of research on hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, and prostatectomy, the relevance of this research to management and policy planning. Regional variations are not yet fully explained in terms of what causes them. What is clear and what is the primary focus of this article is that their very existence, whatever their explanation, creates a major challenge for the management and planning of future health services.     

Between diverging discourses of the child: juveniles’ self-construction in coercive residential care

Based on a qualitative study, this article explores how Norwegian juveniles construct themselves through stories of everyday life in coercive residential care and how this is related to diverging discourses of the child’s status in society. The findings reveal two dominant positions of identification—the autonomy position and the responsibility position—which are discussed as made possible by the child-as-citizen discourse. The article argues that juveniles self-constructions primarily contrast but also are intervened with the dominant discourse of the vulnerable child in social work. The article concludes that recognising juveniles’ in residential care as citizens implies a critical evaluation of practices inherent in the discourse of the vulnerable child.     

提高母乳喂养率是当务之急

本文介绍了国内外母乳喂养状况,指出七十年代以来欧美许多国家由于采取了相应措施,母乳喂养率呈明显上升趋势,其对婴儿的保健作用大大优于人工喂养;而我国尤其是大城市母乳喂养率仍处于低水平,文章在回顾和分析我国母乳喂养的历史与现状的基础上,强调母婴同室、提高母乳喂养率势在必行;并从流行学调研、母乳成分研究、母婴同室研究等方面,深入论述了母乳喂养的优越性、重要性和可行性。