帕金森病患者眼球扫视运动分析及随访

目的 定量分析帕金森病患者眼球扫视运动的特点,为评价帕金森病患者的眼球扫视功能提供依据,探讨扫视运动与疾病进展的关系.方法 通过眼震电图对55例正常人和58例帕金森病患者进行扫视试验检查,比较两组间扫视速度、潜伏期和准确度的差异.根据Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级将PD组受试者分为重症和轻症两个亚组,比较两组间扫视运动的差异.对5例PD患者进行临床和扫视试验的随访,比较随访前后扫视运动的变化.结果 同对照组比较,PD组受试者扫视运动速度减慢,潜伏期延长,准确度下降,部分角度差异有统计学意义.同轻症亚组比较,重症亚组扫视速度减慢,潜伏期延长,准确度下降.5例随访受试者随访过程中都有不同程度的扫视速度减慢,潜伏期延长,准确度下降.结论 PD患者扫视运动存在异常,随着疾病的进展,扫视运动异常呈现不断加重的趋势.     

早期未治疗帕金森病患者前瞻性记忆损害和事件相关电位改变的特点

目的 探讨早期未治疗PD患者前瞻性记忆损害情况和事件相关电位(ERPs)改变的特点.方法 选择自2007年1月至2010年10月在河南省人民医院神经内科门诊确诊的早期未治疗的PD患者33例(PD组)和同期该家医院31名健康体检者(健康对照组)进行研究,研究项目包括基于事件的前瞻性记忆(EBPM)、基于时间的前瞻性记忆(TBPM)和ERPs综合检查.结果 PD组EBPM和TBPM评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05); PD组N2、P300潜伏期均较健康对照组明显延长,P300波幅与对照组比较明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).相关分析结果显示,PD患者的P300潜伏期与EBPM和TBPM均呈明显正相关,r值分别为0.628、0.582,P值均为0.000.结论 早期未治疗PD患者存在EBPM和TBPM损害；P300潜伏期可作为判定PD患者EBPM和TBPM损害程度的电生理指标.     

非匹配负波对遗忘型轻度认知障碍诊断和预后的价值

目的 前瞻性探讨事件相关电位-非匹配负波(event-related potential mismatch negativity,ERP-MMN)在评估遗忘型轻度认知障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者的诊断和预后的价值.方法 181例研究对象分为aMCI组102例、对照组79名,所有研究对象均进行神经心理虽表、头颅影像学和MMN检奁,分析其峰潜伏期和波幅.随访1年,依据神经心理量表及临床表现等评估MMN在aMCI预后中的价值.结果 aMCI组MMN的峰潜伏期[(312.7±25.7)ms]较对照组[(285.1±28.8)ms]明显延长(t=6.81,P<0.01),波幅[(3.48±1.32)μV]较对照组[(4.66 ±1.12)μV]明显降低(t=-6.37,P<0.01).转化为阿尔茨海默病(AD)的aMCI亚组MMN的峰潜伏期[(332.2±24.1)ms]较未转化为AD的aMCI亚组[(307.5±24.0)ms]明显延长(t=2.75,P=0.007);转化的aMCI亚组MMN的神经心理量表检查和波幅较未转化的aMCI亚组差异无统计学意义.结论 MMN能辅助诊断aMCI并判断其预后,反映和监测aMCI患者认知功能状态的改变.     

帕金森病患者眼球运动异常的临床研究

目的 定量分析帕金森病(PD)患者眼球运动的特点,为评价PD患者眼球运动功能及PD的早期诊断提供依据.方法 选择陕西省人民医院神经内科收治的39例PD患者(PD组)作为病例组,同期健康体检者40例作为对照组.对全部受试者进行眼震视图检查.比较两组间扫视速度、潜伏期、准确度,平滑跟踪(SP)速度、增益值以及视动眼震速度及...     

艾司西酞普兰对躯体形式障碍患者认知功能的影响

目的:探讨艾司西酞普兰对躯体形式障碍患者认知功能的影响。方法:60例躯体形式障碍患者(病例组)接受艾司西酞普兰治疗6周;治疗前后分别行瑞文标准推理测验、成人韦氏智力测验中数字广度及数字符号测验、以及事件相关电位P300检测;结果与60名健康者(对照组)比较。结果:病例组治疗前瑞文、数字广度及符号测验评分(84.78±13.85、11.22±1.61、10.95±2.45)明显低于对照组(96.52±18.18,12.63±2.66,12.83±1.49;P均0.01),P300 N1潜伏期[(101.96±9.38)ms]明显长于对照组[(90.17±7.99)ms](P0.001);治疗后瑞文及数字广度评分(91.25±14.87,11.98±1.89)明显增加,P300 P2及N2潜伏期[(194.64±65.31)ms,(240.60±41.41)ms]明显延长(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:艾司西酞普兰可改善躯体形式障碍患者的认知功能。     

橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩听觉P300认知电位的研究

目的 观察P300检查在橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩中的应用价值及影响因素.方法 应用P300检查和认知能力筛选量表(CASI)对34例橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩患者和与其年龄、性别相匹配的正常对照组进行检测.结果 患者不同年龄组P300潜伏期较对照组明显延长(t=2.682～4.983,P<0.05～0.01),患者不同年龄组CASI评分比正常对照组明显降低(t=2.486～5.241,P<0.01),患者组P300潜伏期与CASI评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.48,P<0.005),病情轻组[(348.68±21.47) ms]与重组[(363.27±30.15) ms]和脑萎缩明显组[(354.46±26.98) ms]与不明显组[(338.74±23.56) ms]之间P300潜伏期均差异有显著意义 (P<0.01).结论 评价橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩的认知功能状态,P300检查是一项有价值的客观指标,其异常程度与病情轻、重和脑萎缩程度有关.     

嗅觉功能检查在帕金森病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)患者的嗅觉功能改变特点.方法 对37例临床确诊的50岁以上PD患者和95名年龄匹配的健康中老年人进行T&T主观嗅觉识别阈测试和嗅觉事件相关电位(olfactory event related potentials,OERP)检查,比较其主观嗅觉识别阈和嗅觉事件相关电位P2潜伏期的差异.结果 ≥70岁的PD患者左、右侧鼻腔主观嗅觉识别阈分别为4.6±1.1、4.4±1.2,<70岁PD患者左、右侧鼻腔主观嗅觉识别阈分别为3.9±1.7、4.0±1.7;≥70岁的对照组左、右侧鼻腔主观嗅觉识别阈分别为0.4±0.9、0.4±0.9,<70岁对照组左、右侧鼻腔主观嗅觉识别阈分别为0.5±0.8、0.5±0.8;PD患者组的主观嗅觉识别阈明显高于对照组(t=15.246、15.378、8.664、8.776,P<0.01);≥70岁的PD患者左、右侧鼻腔OERP P2潜伏期分别为(734.9±143.2)、(696.1±165.9)ms,<70岁的PD患者左、右侧鼻腔OERP P2潜伏期分别为(730.5±159.4)、(719.5±159.2)ms;≥70岁的对照组左、右侧鼻腔OERP P2潜伏期分别为(547.9±65.0)、(558.5±56.3)ms,<70岁的对照组左、右侧鼻腔OERP P2潜伏期分别为(523.3±61.9)、(526.8±62.0)ms,OERP P2潜伏期则明显长于对照组(t=-3.940、-3.750、-7.514、-8.205,P<0.01);同时PD患者组的主观嗅觉识别阈和OERP的异常率明显高于对照组.结论 PD患者主观嗅觉识别阈测试和OERP P2潜伏期结果 明显比对照组差,提示嗅觉功能减退是PD的重要临床表现;嗅觉功能检查可以作为PD筛查、诊断的参考指标.     

颈动脉粥样硬化患者认知功能与事件相关电位的改变及其关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)患者认知功能与事件相关电位(ERP)的改变及其关系.方法 对65例不同程度CAS患者进行简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和ERP P300检查及相关性分析;并与对照组进行比较.结果 与对照组比较,轻中度CAS组的注意计算、短程记忆、图形描画评分明显降低(均P＜0.05);P300潜伏期延长、波幅降低 (均P＜0.05);重度CAS组差异更明显(均P＜0.01).与轻中度颈动脉狭窄组比较,重度颈动脉狭窄组在时间定向力、地点定向力、注意计算、短程记忆、言语复述、语言表达、图形描画7个亚项评分方面有显著降低(均P＜0.05);P300潜伏期延长、波幅降低 (均P＜0.05).轻中度、重度CAS患者的MMSE评分与P300潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.503,-0.589,均P＜0.05),轻中度、重度颈动脉狭窄患者的MMSE评分与P300潜伏期亦呈负相关(r=-0.497,-0.601,均P＜0.05).结论 CAS可导致认知功能障碍和ERP异常,其程度与颈动脉病变程度有关.     

青年急性缺血性卒中后认知功能与事件相关电位P300的相关研究

目的分析青年急性缺血性卒中后抑郁患者认知功能和事件相关电位P300相关性。方法研究组为50例卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者,对照组50例为卒中后无抑郁患者。所有患者均采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定认知功能及行P300检测,并对比分析。结果 PSD患者MMSE评分(24.7±1.2)较对照组(26.9±1.5)明显降低(P0.05);PSD患者P300潜伏期(379.3±23.7)ms较对照组(349.2±29.8)ms明显延长(P0.05);PSD患者经治疗HAMD评分均降低,MMSE评分改善,P300潜伏期缩短。结论 PSD患者认知功能受损,P300潜伏期延长。P300潜伏期及波幅与MMSE评分及HAMD评分相关。     

血管性帕金森综合征和帕金森病患者智能与事件相关电位的对比研究

目的:对血管性帕金森综合征(VP)患者和帕金森病(PD)患者的智能和事件相关电位(ERP)进行对比研究,以期探讨两者智能障碍及其电生理变化的特点。方法:用简易智能状态量表对51例VP及50例PD进行评分,并检测其ERP各波的潜伏期及波幅,并与32例正常者作对照。结果:1.VP组痴呆的发生串明显高于PD组;重症痴呆发生率高,提示症状重。2.VP组的N_2、P 300潜伏期较PD组、正常对照组均明显延长,P_(300)波幅较两者均明显降低。3.VP组痴呆者较非痴呆者N_2、P_(300)潜伏期明显延长,P_(300)波幅明显降低,4.VP组痴呆者较PD组痴呆者N_2、P_(300)潜伏期明显延长,P_(300)波幅明显降低。结论:VP与PD比较,智能障碍发生率高,程度重,电生理改变更明显。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者的P300、智能损害及相关因素研究

目的:探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者的P300、智能损害及相关因素。方法:对顺序住院30例酒精所致精神障碍患者和30名健康者分别进行P300和韦氏智力测试,比较测试结果并对影响因素进行分析。结果:研究组P300潜伏期(374.90±63.08)ms长于对照组(305.40±10.84)ms,差异有显著性(P=0.000)。研究组波幅(5.62±2.42)μV低于对照组(7.50±0.76)μV,差异有显著性(P=0.000)。研究组语言智商、操作智商、总智商分别为(85.60±10.82)分、(86.60±12.59)分、(82.27±11.52)分,低于对照组分别为(103.30±3.40)分、(99.90±2.74)分、(101.16±2.57)分,差异有显著性(P=0.000)。偏相关分析:控制平均日饮酒量因素P300潜伏期与酒依赖病程相关(r=0.577,P=0.001)。总智商与酒依赖病程相关(r=-0.582,P=0.001)。结论:酒精所致精神障碍患者的P300潜伏期明显延长,波幅明显降低,智力明显下降,认知损害明显。认知损害程度主要与酒依赖病程有关。     

The development of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome assessed by auditory event-related potentials

ABSTRACT. Several studies have reported changes in auditory event-related potentials in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia, These include an increase in latency and a reduction in amplitude of the P300 (P3) response, a late positive component generated about 300 ms after an unexpected stimulus. Alzheimer's type dementia is an almost invariable acompaniment of ageing in Down's syndrome. This study was designed to assess the usefulness of the auditory P300 response as a measure of the onset of dementia in Down's subjects, who because of poor language development may be difficult to assess by psychological tests. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded from 89 Down's subjects, aged 16–66 years. A control group of 29 mentally retarded subjects with fragile-X syndrome and 83 normal volunteer controls were also tesled. Clinical psychological testing found evidence of dementia in 16 Down's subjects and none with fragile-X. Furthermore, in the Down's population but not the fragile-X or control groups, there was a marked increase in P300 latency with age starting around 37 years. In controls, the effect of age on P300 latency became significant some 17 years later around the age of 54 years. The premature effect of age on P300 in Down's syndrome was due to the prolonged P300 latency in the 16 subjects showing signs of dementia. It was confirmed that P300 latency increase reflects the development of Alzheimer's dementia in Down's subjects.     

帕金森病患者记忆监测与情景记忆的相关研究

目的 研究帕金森病患者( Parkinson's disease,PD)对情景记忆监测情况,并进一步探讨PD患者情景记忆障碍的可能机制.方法 建立情景记忆知晓感(feeling of knowing-episodic memory,FOK-EM)判断的试验范式,对25例PD患者和25名年龄及教育程度相匹配的健康对照(HC)者进行研究.结果 与HC组的FOK-EM的回忆率(39.67％±6.11％)、再认率(58.42％±7.50％)以及FOK判断准确率(0.61 ±0.22)比较,PD患者组FOK-EM的回忆率(19.33％±5.10％)、再认率(45.93％±7.82％)以及FOK判断准确率(-0.18±0.46)显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.833,P＜0.01;t=-2.497,P＜0.05;t=-5.986,P＜0.01);FOK-EM的肯定判断/正确再认成绩(20.47％±10.78％)以及肯定判断/错误再认成绩(即高估,29.53％±5.62％)与HC组的肯定判断/正确再认成绩(39.47％±9.47％)以及肯定判断/错误再认成绩(即高估,13.90％±5.50％)之间差异有统计学意义(t =3.564,P＜0.05;t=2.306,P＜0.05),且Stroop效应与FOK-EM的肯定判断/错误再认成绩呈正相关(r =0.640,P＜0.01).结论 PD患者的情景记忆监测受损,表现为对自身再认能力的高估.这种记忆监测受损与执行功能的损害相关,提示此机制可能是导致PD患者情景记忆障碍的重要因素.     

综合心理行为干预对军事演习应激状态官兵心理健康和事件相关电位P300的影响

目的 探讨综合心理行为干预对军事演习应激状态下官兵心理健康和事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 以某部参加军事演习的127名官兵为研究对象,以班为单位按随机数字表法分为研究组(63例)和对照组(64例),研究组演习前进行6周的心理行为与太极拳训练等综合干预.干预前1 d(干预前)、军事演习后第2天(干预后)分别对2组进行症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90,SCL-90)评估和事件相关电位P300检测.结果 (1)心理健康指标比较:与干预前比较,研究组干预后躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑因子分均降低,对照组躯体化、人际关系敏感、恐怖因子分及SCL-90总分均升高(P均＜0.05);与对照组比较,干预前2组SCL-90总分及各项因子分差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),干预后研究组躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖因子分均低于对照组(P均＜0.05).(2)事件相关电位P300指标比较:与干预前比较,研究组干预后Cz与FPz点P300靶刺激P3波幅升高(q=3.45、3.46,P均＜0.05),FPz点非靶刺激P2潜伏期(167.8±23.5)ms,短于干预前[(188.3±25.2)ms;q=3.54,P＜0.05];对照组干预后FPz点靶刺激P3潜伏期长于干预前(q=3.64,P＜0.05);与对照组比较,干预前2组Cz、FPz点潜伏期及波幅的差异均无统计学意义(F检验,P均＞0.05);干预后研究组Cz与FPz点靶刺激P3和非靶刺激P2潜伏期均短于对照组(P均＜0.05),Cz与FPz点靶刺激P3和FPz点非靶刺激P2波幅均高于对照组(q=3.34、3.35、3.68,P均＜0.05).结论 综合心理行为干预能够改善军事演习应激条件下官兵的心理健康水平和部分电生理指标.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of the comprehensive psychological behavior intervention on the mental health and event-related potentials ( ERPs ) of the servicemen under military exercise. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven servicemen who participated in the military exercise were randomly divided into two groups, named the study group ( n = 63 ) and the control group ( n = 64 ). The servicemen in the study group were given the comprehensive psychological behavior intervention for 6 weeks.They were assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90 ( SCL-90 ) and event-related potential P300( P300 ) preintervention and post-intervention. Results ( 1 )The factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and anxiety of SCL-90 were significantly decreased after intervention in study group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). In the control group, the factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety and total score post-intervention were significantly increased after military exercise ( P ＜0. 05 ). Before intervention, the difference on SCL-90score between the study group and the control group was not significant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). After intervention, the factors of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, phobic anxiety and total score in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( P ＜0. 05 ). ( 2 )After intervention, the study group showed higher amplitude on target P3 of P300 at Cz and FPz than the baseline ( q = 3.45, 3.46, P ＜ 0. 05 ),and shortened latency on non-target P2 at FPz[( 167.8 ± 23.5 )ms vs. ( 188. 3 ± 25. 2 )ms,q =3.54,P ＜0. 05] . The control group showed higher latency on target P3 at FPz than baseline ( q = 3.64, P ＜ 0. 05 ).Before intervention, there was no significant difference with P300 between two groups ( P ＞0. 05 ). Compared with the controls after intervention, the study group manifested shorter latency on target P3 and non-target P2at Cz and FPz ( P ＜0. 05 ). And higher amplitude on target P3 at Cz and FPz and on non-target P2 at FPz were appeared ( q = 3.34, 3. 35, 3.68, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The comprehensive psychological behavior intervention could effectively improve the mental health and partly electrophysiological index of the serviceman in military stress.     

帕金森病患者额叶认知功能和事件相关电位相关性研究

目的:探讨事件相关电位(P300)和额叶认知测试对帕金森病患者认知障碍评价的意义。方法:对31例非痴呆非抑郁帕金森病患者和25例年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的正常对照进行P300检测,同时采用词语流畅性、连线测验、Stroop字色干扰测验对病例组和对照组分别进行测试。结果:病例组与对照组比较:额叶认知功能评分较差,P300潜伏期延长(P<0.05),波幅下降;P300潜伏期与额叶认知功能障碍程度呈正相关。结论:非痴呆非抑郁帕金森病患者存在认知功能障碍。这种障碍可能是额叶功能受损后的表现。     

Hemispheric asymmetry in cortical control of memory-guided saccades. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

To study the temporal organisation of memory-guided saccade control we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left posterior parietal (PPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in eight healthy subjects. TMS was applied either following presentation of a visual target, i.e. 160, 260, and 360 ms after the flashed point, or during the period of memorisation, i.e. between 700 and 1500 ms, or finally 100 ms after extinguishing of the central fixation point (i.e. 2100 ms after the target presentation). Latency of memory-guided saccades and the percentage of error in amplitude (PEA) was measured and compared with results without stimulation.TMS over the left PPC 100 ms after the extinguishing of the central fixation point significantly increased memory-guided saccade latency bilaterally. Furthermore, stimulation over the left PFC had a significant effect on the PEA of contralateral memory-guided saccades when applied during the period of memorisation, i.e. between 700 and 1500 ms.In a previous study using identical methodology [13: Müri RM, Vermersch SI, Rivaud S, Gaymard B, Pierrot-Deseilligny C. Effects of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices during memory-guided saccades in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology 1996;76:2102-2106], we found that TMS over the right PPC increased the contralateral PEA when applied 260 ms after the flash, the effects on saccade latency after right PPC stimulation or on the PEA after right PFC stimulation being similar to those observed here. Taken together, these results show that (1) a hemispheric asymmetry in the preparation of memory-guided saccade amplitude during the early phase of sensorimotor integration exists, (2) memory-guided saccade triggering is controlled by PPC on both sides, and (3) PFC on both sides are involved in spatial working memory performance.     

Double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the frontal eye field facilitates triggering of memory-guided saccades

The study investigated the influence of double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) on memory-guided saccade triggering. Double pulses with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 35, 50, 65 or 80 ms were applied over the right frontal eye field (FEF) and as control over the occipital cortex. A significant dTMS effect was found exclusively for contralateral saccades; latency of memory-guided saccades was reduced after FEF stimulation with an ISI of 50 ms compared to latency without stimulation. This effect proved to be specific for the ISI of 50 ms over the FEF because control stimulation with the same ISI over the occipital cortex had no significant effect on latency of memory-guided saccades. The results of our study showed that, by using an appropriate ISI, dTMS is able to facilitate contralateral saccade triggering by stimulating the FEF. This suggests that TMS interferes specifically with saccade triggering mechanisms, probably by acting on presaccadic neurons of the FEF.     

What is pathological with gaze shift fragmentation in Parkinson's disease?

Oculomotor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly characterized by a fragmentation of memory-guided gaze shifts (target is reached by several hypometric saccades). Since this phenomenon can also be observed in normal subjects, we scrutinized its pathophysiological significance in PD patients. We recorded horizontal eye movements in eleven mildly- or moderately-affected PD patients and eleven control subjects. A quantitative assessment of gaze shift fragmentation was made possible by increasing its incidence over a sequence of two visually- and two subsequent memory-guided gaze shifts. Basic saccade measures (latency, velocity, etc.) were similar in the two subject groups as well as in fragmented versus non-fragmented gaze shifts. Fragmentation probability is increased in the second memory-guided gaze shift, and this clearly more so in patients than in controls. The fragmentation shows a typical gain pattern (uniform increase of gain of saccadic amplitudes across correction saccades towards 1.0 with the last saccade of the gaze shift) independent of subject group, stimulus mode, and fragmentation degree. Gaze shift fragmentation represents a physiological phenomenon, which has thus far been overlooked. It reflects a robust correction mechanism, which assures that target is reached even if the pre-oculomotor drive through the basal ganglia to the superior colliculus becomes abnormally weak or under inadequately strong inhibition – as is postulated for PD. Thus, only the abnormally high incidence of fragmentation, and of the associated amplitude reduction of the primary saccades, rather than the phenomenon per se, can be used as a diagnostic criterion in early stages of PD. Received: 19 June 2001, Received in revised form: 19 October 2001, Accepted: 24 October 2001