毛细支气管炎患儿红细胞免疫及T细胞亚群变化的研究

目的：探讨毛细支气管炎患儿红细胞免疫和T细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法：对45例毛细支气管炎患儿和30例正常儿童的红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群进行检测。检测外周血红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC-ICR）、红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC-C3bRR）;采用流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞亚群。结果：毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-C3bRR［（13.6±6.2）%］、CD8+细胞百分比［（21.6±4.4）%］ 较对照组的（18.0±7.4）% 和 (25.6±5.2)%减低（P<0.01）;CD3+［（59.9±6.7）%］和CD4+细胞百分比［（53.5±6.2）%］及RBC-ICR［（8.3±3.5）%］均高于对照组的（52.1±8.3）%、（46.8±4.9）% 和（6.1±2.5）%（P<0.01）。毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-ICR和CD4+细胞百分比存在正相关（r=0.63,P<0.05）,RBC-C3bRR和CD4+细胞百分比存在负相关（r=-0.82,P<0.01）。结论：毛细支气管炎患儿存在T淋巴细胞、红细胞免疫功能障碍,可能在毛细支气管炎的发病机制中起到一定作用。     

肌酸激酶同工酶与血浆内皮素检测结合脑电图检查判断热性惊厥患儿脑损伤的程度及预后

目的探讨热性惊厥(FC)患儿血清脑型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-BB)和血浆内皮素(ET)水平的变化及其两者结合脑电图(EEG)检查与脑损伤的关系。方法将2005-08—2006-12在潍坊医学院儿科就诊的52例FC患儿作为FC组,健康儿童28例作为正常对照组,分别进行血清CK-BB和血浆ET的测定及EEG检查,CK-BB采用比色法测定,ET采用放射免疫法测定。结果FC患儿血液中CK-BB和ET水平明显高于正常对照组(P均<0.01);单纯热惊厥(SFC)组CK-BB和ET的浓度与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);复杂热惊厥(CFC)组与正常对照组和SFC组比较差异均具有显著性(P均<0.01)。CFC组血清CK-BB与血浆ET呈正相关(r=0.652,P<0.01)。FC患儿惊厥发作后第1天EEG异常率为80.77%,其中SFC组78.12%,CFC组85.00%,差异无显著性(P>0.05);第14天为32.69%,SFC组仅18.75%,CFC组则55.00%,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论CK-BB和ET水平与脑损伤的程度密切相关,CK-BB和ET含量越高脑损伤程度越严重。热性惊厥后及时检测CK-BB和ET,并结合脑电图检查对判断脑损伤程度及预后有重要价值。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α干预对热性惊厥患儿外周血单个核细胞ICAM-1和LFA-1表达的影响

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α) 对热性惊厥(FS) 患儿外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1) 及配体淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1(LFA-1) 表达的影响。方法：16例FS患儿随机分为FS对照组和TNF-α干预组。TNF-α干预组采用1.0 ng/mL 的TNF-α进行干预。对照组16例,为年龄和性别相匹配的同期体检健康儿童。进行外周血PBMC培养。流式细胞仪检测PBMC表面ICAM-1 和 LFA-1的表达。结果：FS 对照组在体外培养的PBMC表面ICAM-1和LFA-1表达水平分别为(20±9)% 和(43±16)%,明显高于正常对照组［(14±7)%,(30±16)%］（P＜0.05）;TNF-α干预组的PBMC表面ICAM-1表达水平［(27±11)%］明显高于FS对照组(P＜0.05),LFA-1表达［（52±21）%］较FS对照组有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论：炎症介质TNF-α刺激可使FS患儿的LFA-1 和 ICAM-1表达上调。     

热性惊厥患儿血清细胞因子水平的变化及临床意义

目的 了解6月～2岁单纯性和复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清IFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α水平的异常变化。方法 应用ELISA法检测64例单纯性热性惊厥和52例复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清IFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α的含量,并对IL-8和TNF-α进行了相关性研究。结果 单纯性热性惊厥组血清TFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α的含量分别为467.68±112.46 ng/L,74.38±18.74 ng/L和812.36±232.38 ng/L,其含量明显高于正常对照组（P﹤0.01）,也明显高于单纯性热性惊厥组（P﹤0.01）。IL-8和TNF-α在这两组疾病中分别呈正相关（r1=0.565,r2=0.64,P ﹤0.01）。结论 ①在单纯性热性惊厥和复杂性热性惊厥中,细胞因子明显增加,在增强机体免疫系统抗感染的同时,也激发了免疫性炎症反应,对组织细胞可能产生损伤。②IL-8和TNF-α在两组疾病中形成一对辅助因子,并参与了整个病理过程。     

Serum prolactin and cortisol in children with some paroxysmal disorders

Postictal serum prolactin and cortisol levels were estimated in 73 children having either epilepsy, febrile seizures, breath-holding spells, or fever without other manifestation and in 20 normal controls. Mean serum prolactin levels (28.6±2.3 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the epileptic group than in the group with febrile seizures (12.7±2.8 ng/ml), non-specific febrile illness (12.2±2.4 ng/ml), breath-holding spells (8.8±1.1 ng/ml) and normal controls (9.8±2.6 ng/ml) Mean serum cortisol levels were non-specifically elevated in children with epilepsy (32.8±2.2 ug/dl), febrile convulsion (34.2±4.1 ug/dl) and non-specific febrile illness (30.6±2.4 ug/dl). Our observations suggest that elevated prolactin levels associated with afebrile epileptic seizures may help in differentiating epilepsy from febrile seizures and breath-holding spells. Cortisol levels appear to be non-specifically elevated in all stressful conditions.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜儿童外周血调节性T细胞的变化

目的：研究特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患儿外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-及CD3+CD4-CD8-调节性T细胞（Treg）的变化及意义。方法：采用免疫荧光流式细胞技术检测33例ITP患儿及21例正常儿童外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-及CD3+CD4-CD8- Treg水平。结果：ITP患儿CD4+CD25+CD127-及CD3+CD4-CD8- Treg百分比明显低于正常儿童,分别为(2.7±1.7)％ vs (4.8±1.6)％;(5.2±3.1)％vs (8.1±3.5)％(P<0.01)。结论：ITP患儿CD4+CD25+CD127-及CD3+CD4-CD8- Treg百分率降低,提示其可能参与了ITP的发病机制。     

Levels of Interleukin-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children with Purulent Meningitis and Viral Encephalitis

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儿童I型糖尿病青春发育前及青春期血清IGF-I和IGFBP-3水平监测

目的：研究儿童Ⅰ型糖尿病青春发育前及青春期血清胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I),胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)水平变化,探讨生长激素 胰岛素样生长因子I(GH-IGF-I)轴与血糖控制的关系。方法：分别采用ELISA和免疫放射法测定63例Ⅰ型糖尿病患儿和47例正常对照血清IGF-I,IGFBP-3水平,用胶乳凝集法测定Ⅰ型糖尿病患儿的糖化血红蛋白(HbAIC)。结果：①青春发育前糖尿病患儿血IGF-I为(75.4±26.6) ng/ml,IGFBP-3为(2 756.1±763.8) ng/ml,与对照组［(103.9±46.5) ng/ml,(2 717.1±480.2 ng/ml)相比无统计学差异(P>0.05);但青春期糖尿病患儿血IGF-I和IGFBP-3［(178.2±65.9) ng/ml,(2 956.0±847.6) ng/ml］均低于对照组［(229.6±54.5) ng/ml,(3 393.2±748.9) ng/ml］］P<0.05。②新发病的I型糖尿病患儿胰岛素治疗后血IGF-I为(143.0±67.5) ng/ml,IGFBP-3为(2 740.0±449.8) ng/ml,较治疗前［(54.8±44.3) ng/ml, (2 233.8±336.2) ng/ml］明显升高(P<0.05)。③糖尿病组HbA IC与血IGF-I,IGFBP-3之间存在负相关关系(r=-0.32,-0.29,P<0.01或0.05)。④糖尿病组青春期HbAIC为(9.0±1.8)%,每日胰岛素用量为(0.86±0.30)U/kg,均高于青春期前［(7.8±1.8) %,(0.64±0.38) U/kg］(P<0.05)。结论：儿童Ⅰ型糖尿病血IGF-I,IGFBP-3水平较正常儿降低,尤其青春期患儿比正常同龄儿降低的程度更为显著,提示此类患者青春期存在GH IGF-I轴的严重紊乱,可能是导致这一时期血糖控制不良的重要原因。     

儿童急性白血病血清白细胞介素24的测定及意义

目的观察急性白血病患儿血清白细胞介素24(IL-24)的水平及意义。方法确诊未治的儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、儿童急性髓细胞白血病(AML)、非白血病患儿及正常儿童(正常对照组)各20例,采用ELISA法测定其血清IL-24的水平并进行比较。结果两组白血病患儿血清IL-24浓度[ALL组:(28.25±2.6)ng/L;AML组:(26.32±3.2)ng/L]均较正常对照组[(113.15±3.7)ng/L]和非白血病患儿[(105.82±4.2)ng/L]明显降低(P值均0.05);但ALL与AML组之间和非白血病组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论 ALL及AML患儿血清IL-24浓度明显下降。     

88例热性惊厥患儿缺铁性贫血相关指标分析

目的了解热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血的关系。方法检测88例热性惊厥患儿的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞平均容积、红细胞平均血红蛋白、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、血清铁、血清铁蛋白,并以同期住院的76例呼吸道、肠道感染而无惊厥患儿为对照组,将两组数据进行统计分析。结果热性惊厥组缺铁性贫血的发生率为61.36%,对照组为43.42%,血红蛋白、血清铁含量与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);而且复杂型热性惊厥的缺铁性贫血的发生率占85%,与单纯型比较亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论血清铁与小儿热性惊厥密切相关,缺铁性贫血可能是引起热性惊厥的原因之一。     

RSV感染患儿外周血CD_4~*”CD_(45)RO~+CD_(45)RA~+表达变化的研究

目的：探讨下呼吸道感染呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞(CD4),原始T细胞(CD45RA+),记忆性T细胞(CD45RO+)表达的变化。方法：用单克隆抗体免疫荧光标记,流式细胞仪检测30例RSV下呼吸道感染患儿急性期外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)CD4+,CD45RA+细胞,其中11例同时检测CD45RO+细胞,同期检测9例年龄、性别无差异的健康儿为对照。结果：RSV下呼吸道感染组患儿CD4为(32.74±10.60)%,明显低于对照组(40.76±6.82)%,2组有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论：RSV感染急性期存在免疫功能紊乱,外周血CD4,CD45RO+下降,而CD45RA+明显增加,这可能是CD45RO+向呼吸道迁移的结果。     

儿童再生障碍性贫血Th17细胞及相关因子表达研究

目的探讨Th17细胞在儿童再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia,AA)免疫发病机制中的作用和意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测AA患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中Th17细胞占CD4+细胞的比例,ELISA法检测血浆中白细胞介素(IL)-17和IL-6的水平。结果 AA患儿外周血Th17/CD4+细胞比例为(1.44±0.30)%,显著高于同龄对照组的(0.37±0.17)%(P<0.01)。AA患儿血浆中IL-17、IL-6水平分别为(184.44±31.94)pg/mL、(19.89±4.70)pg/mL,显著高于同龄对照组(120.47±18.39)pg/mL和(10.44±2.51)pg/mL(P<0.01),且IL-17和IL-6水平均与Th17细胞比例成正相关(r=0.74,P<0.01;r=0.68,P<0.01)。结论 AA患儿Th17细胞数量、血浆IL-17和IL-6水平显著增高,提示Th17细胞及相关细胞因子可能在AA的免疫发病机制中起重要作用。     

Serum Cortisol and prolactin levels in childhood paroxysmal disorders

Postictal serum prolactin and Cortisol levels were measured in 37 children having either epilepsy, febrile seizure or syncopal attack and in 37 normal controls. Blood samples were obtained within 1.5 h following the seizure episode. All serum levels were compared between each group and the control groups. Significantly higher (P < 0.005) prolactin levels (56.64 ± 34.78 ng/mL) were found in the epileptic group, compared to the levels in children with febrile seizures (21.72 ± 12.92 ng/mL), syncope attacks (13.88 ± 5.27 ng/mL) and the control group (14.32 ± 5.05 ng/mL). In contrast, serum Cortisol levels were non-specifically elevated in children with epilepsy, febrile seizures and syncopal attacks. Cortisol secretion appears to be non-specifically elevated in all stressful events. Elevated prolactin levels may be helpful in differentiating epilepsy from febrile seizures and syncope.     

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid zinc levels in children with febrile convulsions

The mechanisms underlying febrile convulsions (FC), which have multiple etiological factors, are not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there were any changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) zinc (Zn) levels in children with febrile convulsion during seizures. A total of 102 children were included in the study, with four groups formed as follows: group A, 40 children with FC (aged 9 months to 5 years); group B, 20 children having fever without convulsion (aged 6 months to 5 years); group C, 20 children with afebrile convulsion (aged 6 months to 6 years) and group D, 22 healthy children (aged 5 months to 6 years). Serum and CSF zinc levels for groups A, B and C and serum Zn levels only for group D were measured. The serum Zn levels of 17 children in group A were again measured during healthy periods. Serum Zn levels of groups A, B, C and D had a mean of 0.70 ± 0.10 mg/dL, 1.07 ± 0.08 mg/dL, 1.26 ± 0.32 mg/dL and 1.17 ± 0.21 mg/dL, respectively, and the values of group A were lower than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). In group B, serum Zn levels were also lower than those of groups C and D (P < 0.05). The CSF Zn levels of groups A, B and C were found to have a mean of 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/L, 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/L and 0.14 ± 0.04 mg/L, respectively. In group A, the CSF Zn levels were lower than those of groups B and C (P < 0.001), and in group B they were lower than those of group C (P < 0.05). For the 17 patients in group A, serum Zn levels during healthy periods (0.87 ±0.10 mg/dL) were found to be higher than the values shortly after seizures, but lower than those of groups B, C and D (P < 0.001). We could not observe any relationship between zinc levels of the serum and CSF and the degree and duration of the fever. These findings suggest that serum and CSF Zn levels decreased during infectious diseases, and that this decrease was more significant in patients with FC.     

Thalassemia major may decrease the frequency of febrile convulsions in children

Aim: We aimed to determine the relative frequency of febrile convulsion in children with major thalassemia to theorize that higher serum iron levels could reduce the incidence of febrile convulsion. Background: Febrile convulsion is the most common type of seizure in childhood that its causes are not fully understood. However, some risk factors have been cited such as the serum iron level. Materials and methods: Three hundred and fifty-nine children aged more than 5 years with major thalassemia who were receiving blood were enrolled as the case group. The control group consisted of 357 children without thalassemia aged 4–7 years (151 boys, 206 girls) who were referred to healthcare centers for routine health monitoring. Included data were the history of febrile convulsion, age of onset and type and the frequency of convulsions. Results: Children in control group significantly experienced more febrile convulsions than thalassemic children [4/359 (1.1%) in the thalassemic children and 14/357 (3.9%) in the control group had experienced febrile convulsions (P = 0.017)]. Conclusion: The frequency of febrile convulsion in children with major thalassemia is less than that of normal children. Children with thalassemia major may have higher serum levels of iron and such high serum iron levels might have a protective role in the children who have a vulnerability for febrile convulsions.     

Omicron变异株感染导致儿童热性惊厥的临床特征分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析儿童感染Omicron变异株后发生热性惊厥的临床特征。方法回顾性收集2022年12月1—31日(Omicron变异株流行期间,设为Omicron组)和2021年同期(非Omicron组)就诊于首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院神经内科热性惊厥患儿的临床资料,分析比较两组患儿的临床特征。结果Omicron组381例,男性250例,女性131例,平均年龄(3.2±2.4)岁。非Omicron组112例,男性72例,女性40例,平均年龄(3.5±1.8)岁。Omicron组人数明显增多,是非Omicron组的3.4倍。Omicron组1岁~和6~10.83岁两个年龄段患儿占比高于非Omicron组,4岁~和5岁~两个年龄段患儿占比低于非Omicron组(P<0.05)。Omicron组丛集性发作和惊厥持续状态比例高于非Omicron组(P<0.05)。热性惊厥复发患儿中,Omicron组6~10.83岁占比高于非Omicron组,3岁~、4岁~、5岁~占比低于非Omicron组(P<0.05)。结论儿童感染Omicron变异株后热性惊厥的特征是年龄范围更广,在一次发热病程中丛集性发作和惊厥持续状态的比例增加。     

急性ITP患儿外周血调节性T细胞及相关细胞因子的研究

目的检测急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(AITP)患儿外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulationTcells,Tr细胞)及相关细胞因子的变化,探讨它们在AITP发病机制中的作用。方法流式细胞仪分别检测AITP患儿和正常健康儿童外周血Tr细胞的数量,ELISA法检测血清中相关细胞因子的含量,并进行相关性分析。结果AITP患儿外周血Tr细胞的数量明显低于正常对照组[(2.83±1.05)%vs(5.07±0.59)%,P<0.05];AITP患儿血清中IL-10、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的含量均也低于正常对照组[IL-10:(29.48±13.69)pg/mlvs(43.10±14.95)pg/ml;TGF-β1(170.04±91.58)pg/mlvs(254.75±130.41)pg/ml,P<0.05],差异有显著性。AITP患儿外周血Tr细胞的比例与血清中IL-10、TGF-β1的含量都呈正相关(r1=0.54,r2=-0.66,P<0.05)。结论急性ITP患儿外周血中Tr细胞数量的减少及相关细胞因子含量的降低可能与急性ITP的细胞免疫失调有关。     

小儿轮状病毒肠炎肠道外脏器损伤及免疫状态研究

目的 研究轮状病毒肠炎并发肠道外损伤的发生情况及影响因素,监测轮状病毒肠炎患儿免疫球蛋白和淋巴细胞亚群变化,了解轮状病毒肠炎患儿发病时免疫状态.方法 研究对象为2007年1月至2008年12月在我院住院确诊的轮状病毒肠炎患儿(观察组)64例,对照组为同期在发育儿科体检正常者18例.记录患儿临床表现的同时,采用ELISA方法检测粪便轮状病毒特异性抗原,流式细胞术进行淋巴细胞亚群分析,透色比浊法测定血清IgG、IgA、IgM,生化法检测肝功能和心肌酶谱.结果轮状病毒感染可导致肝脏、心肌、呼吸及神经系统等多脏器损害.观察组患儿丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-mB)活性均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);<1岁组患儿肝功能损伤发生率显著高于>1岁组(P<0.05);重型腹泻组患儿CK[(324.5±995.5)U/dl]、CK-mB[(93.8±61.5)U/dl]活性明显高于轻型者[CK(252.8±130.4)U/dl,CK-mB(59.6+32.6)U/dl],差异有显著性(P<0.05).观察组免疫球蛋白IgG[(4.46±1.56)g/L]明显低于对照组[(5.80±1.67)g/L],差异有显著性(P<0.05);淋巴细胞亚群中观察组CD4+[(29.0±4.18)%]较对照组[(38.6±3.97)%]降低,CDl9+检测结果[(38.8±3.94)%]较对照组[(23.1±7.70)%]升高,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);观察组患儿CD4+/CD8+比例倒置.结论 轮状病毒肠炎患儿可出现肠道外感染表现,以呼吸系统、肝脏、心肌及中枢神经系统受累居多;轮状病毒感染可导致体液及细胞免疫功能低下.肝功能、心肌酶谱、免疫球蛋白及淋巴细胞亚群测定对监测患儿病情变化及指导治疗有重要的临床意义.     

血清C-反应蛋白和唾液酸联合测定在新生儿细菌感染性疾病中的意义

目的 探讨血清Ｃ－反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）和唾液酸（ＳＡ）联合测定在新生儿早期细菌感染诊断和疗效观察中的意义。方法 同时测定５２例起病在１周内的细菌感染新生儿血清ＣＲＰ和ＳＡ水平。结果 ＣＲＰ在起病２４ｈ内即增加到（６８．３±３２．８）ｍｇ／Ｌ,与正常对照组[（０．７８±０．２５）ｍｇ／Ｌ］相比差异具有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）,当炎症得到一定控制后则明显下降（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。ＳＡ在起病２４ ｈ内逐渐增加,至１～３ ｄ和４～７ ｄ时分别升至（１．８８±０．８５）,（２．９５±０．８７）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,与对照组[（０．９１±０．４０）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ］比较差异具有显著性意义（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,当感染得到完全控制时可降至正常对照水平。结论 血清ＣＲＰ和ＳＡ的联合测定,有助于提高新生儿早期细菌感染性疾病的诊疗水平。     

癫癎和热性惊厥患儿血清褪黑素水平的变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨癫癎和热性惊厥患儿血清褪黑素水平的变化及其临床意义,为褪黑素用于癫癎和热性惊厥的治疗提供依据。方法：该研究分为对照组,即上呼吸道感染发热无惊厥患儿;热性惊厥组,其中又分为单纯性热性惊厥(SFS组)和复杂性热性惊厥(CFS组);癫癎组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别测定各组血清褪黑素水平。结果：癫癎和复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清褪黑素水平分别为8.66±1.38和14.91±2.61 ng/L,均显著低于对照组的23.93±2.01 ng/L,差异有显著性(P<0.01),单纯性热性惊厥患儿血清褪黑素水平为20.72±2.54 ng/L,低于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);癫癎患儿血清褪黑素水平明显低于热性惊厥患儿,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论：癫癎和复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清褪黑素水平降低。补充外源性褪黑素可能是治疗儿童癫癎和热性惊厥的一个新途径。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（4）：288-290］