北京市某三甲医院医务人员吸烟行为及影响因素分析

目的了解北京市某三甲医院医务人员吸烟行为及影响因素,为开展医院医务人员控烟工作提供依据。方法于2017年选取北京市三甲医院北京医院的所有在岗临床医生和护士1 411名为研究对象。采用医院员工吸烟情况调查表进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般情况、吸烟情况、戒烟意愿、饮酒情况、吸烟或二手烟对本人健康影响的认知等。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行χ~2检验、Mann-Whitney秩和检验、趋势χ~2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果共获得1 359份有效问卷,总体吸烟率为3.38%。男性吸烟率(17.54%)显著高于女性(0.53%);随着年龄和文化程度升高,吸烟率呈上升趋势,均有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=99.236,95%CI:21.374～460.735)、高年龄(OR=1.663,95%CI:1.131～2.445)和高饮酒频率(OR=1.392,95%CI:1.042～1.862)均是吸烟行为的危险因素,均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。医务人员中现在吸烟者对吸烟和二手烟危害性的认知水平均显著低于戒烟者和非吸烟者,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。在33个现在吸烟者中,仅有10人(30.30%)认为戒烟很重要,23人(69.70%)近期无戒烟打算,诊断为烟草依赖性综合征者仅5人,占15.15%。结论北京市某三级甲等医院医务人员吸烟率较低,医院控烟工作效果较好。但还需加强对男性、年龄较大者和经常饮酒者等重点人群的健康教育,促进其戒烟,从而进一步降低医务人员吸烟率。     

河南省某县农村居民吸烟行为调查结果分析

目的了解河南省某县农村居民的吸烟行为现状,为进一步开展控烟工作提供依据。方法采用抽样调查的方法,选取18岁及以上常住居民作为研究对象,进行面对面的问卷调查。采用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS16.0、Excel 2017进行数据分析。结果河南省某县农村18岁及以上成人现在吸烟率为25.67%,其中男性58.02%,女性0.59%。现在吸烟者日均吸烟量为20支,其中男性为20支,女性为3支。男性成功戒烟率为18.81%,女性由于吸烟率较低,本次调查无成功戒烟者。现在吸烟者中有56.58%的人无明确戒烟打算。结论河南省某县农村男性居民吸烟行为普遍存在,现在吸烟率高,戒烟率和打算戒烟率低。提示控烟形势严峻,应采取综合防治措施。     

昆明市官渡区农村居民吸烟和饮酒行为及与心血管疾病的相关性研究

[目的]分析昆明市官渡区农村居民吸烟和饮酒的现状及与高血压、脑卒中和缺血性心脏病的关系。[方法]采用按比例概率抽样方法(PPS)在昆明市官渡区对4 011名18岁及以上村民通过问卷调查和体格检查获取心血管疾病的患病资料及吸烟和饮酒情况。[结果]该地居民的吸烟率为27.1%,饮酒率为27.9%。男性的吸烟率(67.2%)和饮酒率(55.7%)均明显高于女性(1.0%和9.7%)。男性的吸烟率和饮酒率随年龄的增长呈下降趋势,女性的饮酒率随年龄的增长呈下降趋势。吸烟者高血压的患病率(34.9%)高于不吸烟者(31.4%);饮酒者高血压、脑卒中和缺血性心脏病的患病率(35.0%、1.59%和3.7%)均高于不饮酒者(31.3%、0.45%和2.2%)。[结论]加强农村居民戒烟、戒酒的健康教育,有助于降低心血管疾病的发生。     

天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析

目的：了解天津市居民吸烟状况、戒烟想法及戒烟方法的应用,为有针对性地在居民中开展健康教育活动提供依据,同时为制定相关控烟政策提供基础数据。方法使用 PPS 法(按规模大小成比例的概率抽样)在每个区抽取3个街道,共计16个区。使用 PPS 在每个街道抽取2个居委会抽样单位,采用随机抽样方法在每个居委会抽取70个家庭户,每个家庭户采用 KISH 表抽取1名调查对象,每个居委会完成50份调查问卷。结果男性现在吸烟率为42.35%,女性现在吸烟率为10.32%,男性吸烟率高于女性(χ2=760.956,P <0.05),不同文化程度居民吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.605,P <0.05)。男性与女性现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.959,P >0.05),不同吸烟量的现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.434,P <0.05),随着吸烟者吸烟量的增大,想戒烟的比例也在逐渐降低。89.18%现在吸烟者选择靠自己毅力戒烟,7.06%选择拨打戒烟热线。在过去12个月,有42.25%医护人员建议吸烟者戒烟。非吸烟者对主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者,有戒烟想法的人主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者。结论应积极开展控烟工作,有针对性地对男性、女性吸烟者开展控烟干预工作,加大戒烟门诊、戒烟热线的宣传,提高医务人员的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧,广泛宣传主动吸烟与被动吸烟的危害,同时政府部门加强控烟法律执行力度,保证人民群众不受二手烟的危害。     

广东省男性吸烟者戒烟行为影响因素分析

目的了解广东省男性吸烟者戒烟行为及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法在广东省21个地级市各抽取1个县/区,采用容量比例概率抽样法(PPS法)和基什网格法(KISH法)确定3 181名男性为调查对象,问卷调查吸烟、戒烟行为等相关信息。结果被调查男性现在吸烟率为56.1%,戒烟率为11.9%,戒烟成功率为8.1%,平均戒烟年龄41.6岁,有56.3%男性吸烟者是在<45岁开始戒烟;现在吸烟者打算戒烟率为13.9%,想在6个月内和6个月后戒烟的分别为10.3%和3.6%;过去12个月内尝试戒烟率为21.9%;年龄、信念水平和吸烟程度是影响过去12个月内是否尝试戒烟的危险因子,吸烟年龄和有无慢性病是保护因子。结论广东省男性吸烟者戒烟率较低,影响戒烟的主要因素是年龄、吸烟开始年龄、有无慢性病、信念水平和吸烟程度。     

北京12320卫生热线来电者吸烟及戒烟行为现状调查

目的了解北京12320卫生热线来电者的吸烟及戒烟行为现状,为今后开展电话戒烟干预服务提供依据。方法采用电话问卷调查法,由热线咨询员采集相关数据,对来电者的一般情况以及与烟草使用或接触相关的问题进行调查。结果北京12320卫生热线全部来电者吸烟率为8.06%,现在吸烟率为6.44%,其中男性和女性现在吸烟率分别为37.35%和1.15%;吸烟者的戒烟率为20.07%,成功戒烟率为6.09%,男性和女性戒烟率分别为16.00%和37.04%,60岁及以上年龄组的戒烟率和成功戒烟率最高,现在吸烟者中有60.54%在过去1年尝试过戒烟,46.64%打算在1个月内戒烟,35.43%愿意接受北京12320卫生热线提供的电话戒烟干预服务。结论北京12320卫生热线来电者戒烟意愿强,戒烟需求大,可利用北京12320卫生热线为吸烟者提供电话戒烟干预服务。     

农村社区居民吸烟与饮酒行为调查分析

目的 探讨农村社区居民吸烟及饮酒行为的影响因素,为开展控烟、限酒教育及行为干预提供依据.方法 采用横断面研究及问卷调查方式对吸烟及饮酒行为进行调查分析.结果 男女吸烟率有显著差异;吸烟者首吸年龄高峰都集中在20～29岁之间;吸烟者中大多数目前不想戒烟.农村居民男性经常饮酒的比例为31.67%,40岁以上居民经常喝酒比例高于其他年龄,并随年龄增加饮白酒和黄酒的比例增加,50岁以上居民日饮酒量增大.结论 杭州农村社区居民的吸烟、饮酒状况不容乐观,应大力开展控烟、限酒教育及干预活动.     

包头市农村居民吸烟现状研究

目的了解试点地区居民吸烟现状,探讨在农村社区开展控烟工作的有效方法和途径。方法采用定性和定量研究方法。统一问卷,共调查试点村镇居民302人。结果农村社区居民对吸烟危害健康认识正确率为97.4%,家庭吸烟率为82.1%,吸烟者主要为男性,吸烟率为69.3%,吸烟者尝试吸第一支烟的年龄主要集中在20岁左右,吸烟的影响因素主要为社会或本地居民生活习惯,占44.3%。76.4%的吸烟者打算过戒烟,有戒烟意愿。被调查吸烟者中曾经尝试过戒烟的占24.2%。结论农村居民对吸烟有害健康的正确认知率较高,家庭吸烟率较高,吸烟人群以男性和年轻人为主。有一定比例的人有戒烟经历和意愿。应根据当地居民实际加强吸烟干预,减低吸烟率。     

2012年吉林省流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为调查

目的调查2012年吉林省监测人群流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为,为制定控烟措施提供理论依据。方法2012年在吉林省5个监测点,采取按行业分层多阶段整群抽样方法调查了1 500名18岁及以上就业流动人口,通过面对面问卷调查收集慢性病及其危险因素信息,用于吸烟状况与戒烟行为分析的有效样本量为1 490份,对不同年龄和性别18岁以上流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为进行分析。结果吉林省18岁以上流动人口吸烟率33.4%,现吸烟率30.4%;男性每日吸烟量高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;男性吸烟量随着年龄增加而增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;女性年龄组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;现在每日吸烟者开始每日吸烟的年龄,男性在15~19岁年龄段最高,女性20~24岁年龄段最高;男性人群戒烟率和成功戒烟率随年龄增加而增加,但戒烟率在年龄组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,成功戒烟率组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;现在吸烟者近50.0%表示不想戒烟,男性和女性在不想戒烟的态度上没有统计学差异（P〉0.05）;现在非吸烟者中男性比女性更多暴露于二手烟。结论吉林省18岁以上流动人口吸烟率、现吸烟率、每日吸烟量仍处于较高水平;绝大多数开始每日吸烟的年龄在15~24岁年龄段;戒烟率、成功戒烟率、打算戒烟率较低;男性比女性更多暴露于二手烟危害环境。     

环境限制对南昌市居民吸烟行为的影响

目的了解环境限制对南昌市居民吸烟、戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的影响,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2013年11月20日至12月20日选取南昌市城区居民为调查对象,由调查员入户访谈,共抽取2 500户家庭,成功访谈2 282人。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件下的复查抽样模块进行率的χ2检验。结果现在吸烟率为22.5%;戒烟意愿率为10.1%;戒烟尝试率为21.8%。不同人口学特征与现在吸烟率有关,与现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试无关。家中有吸烟限制能有效减少现在吸烟率和提高现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿率。工作场所与公共场所的吸烟规定对吸烟行为均没有影响。医务工作者的戒烟建议、控烟广告和卷烟包装上的健康警示等均不能促使现在吸烟者产生戒烟意愿和进行戒烟尝试。结论有效利用家庭吸烟限制对吸烟行为的影响来控制烟草的流行,同时尽快出台控烟方面的法律法规,加强医务工作者的戒烟服务能力,加大媒体有关吸烟有害健康的宣传力度。     

Household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking

PURPOSE: To examine the association between household smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking, controlling for parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco marketing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 1999 data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of adolescents. SETTING: Self-report questionnaire. SUBJECTS: 10,593 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. MEASURES: The dependent variable was established smoking (smoking > or = 100 cigarettes). Variables of interest were household smoking restrictions, parental smoking, peer smoking, and tobacco promotional item (TPI) possession. RESULTS: Four percent of participants reported that their households permitted smoking. Parental smoking, peer smoking, and TPI possession were significantly associated with established smoking In logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, peer smoking, and TPI possession, adolescent smoking was inversely related to the presence of a restrictive household policy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.93); however, when parental smoking was added to this model, the association was attenuated (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.65-1.35). When only one parent in the household smoked, smoking restrictions were more common when this parent was the father. CONCLUSIONS: Although household smoking restrictions offer health benefits, they do not appear to be associated with adolescent smoking after accounting for other factors. Prior studies did not include parental smoking, peer smoking, and marketing influences. This analytic difference may explain apparent contradictions in the literature.     

Household smoking bans and adolescents' perceived prevalence of smoking and social acceptability of smoking

OBJECTIVES: Household smoking bans might decrease the visibility of cigarette smoking and communicate nonsmoking social norms and parental attitudes to youths, which may serve as mediators to reduce smoking initiation. Whether they have these effects even if parents smoke or do not otherwise communicate strong disapproval of smoking to their children is not clear. We tested these hypotheses in multi-level analyses. METHODS: A telephone survey of a random sample of 3831 Massachusetts adolescents (12-17 years) assessed respondents' perceptions of smoking prevalence and attitudes about the social acceptability of smoking in their community. The association of these outcomes with the presence of a smoking ban in the youths' home was tested in multivariate analyses that adjusted for town-level clustering and individual and environmental characteristics. RESULTS: A household smoking ban was reported by 71% of all youths and 49% of youths who lived with smokers. In multivariate models, youths who had a household smoking ban were more likely to perceive a lower adult smoking prevalence (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7-2.5; P < 0.001), greater adult disapproval of adult smoking (OR 2.0; 1.5-2.6; P < 0.001) and of teen smoking (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.9; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents, a household smoking ban was associated with a lower perceived prevalence of adult smoking in their communities and more negative attitudes about the social acceptability of smoking, two factors that affect the likelihood of smoking initiation. Household smoking bans had these effects even in the presence of two parental factors known to encourage adolescent smoking initiation (parental smoking and lack of perceived parental disapproval of youth tobacco use). This provides an additional rationale for promoting household smoking bans to parents.     

Adolescent smoking

Most smokers start experimenting with cigarettes in early adolescence. This paper describes the factors which influence the development of the smoking habit. Methods of intervention, both in and out of the classroom, are discussed. Recommendations for further legislation and increased taxation on tobacco are supported.     

Excessive smoking

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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«La fumée du tabac en dose exagérée»

     

Berlin's medical students' smoking habits, knowledge about smoking and attitudes toward smoking cessation counseling

Background  

Diseases associated with smoking are a foremost cause of premature death in the world, both in developed and developing countries. Eliminating smoking can do more to improve health and prolong life than any other measure in the field of preventive medicine. Today's medical students will play a prominent role in future efforts to prevent and control tobacco use.     

Attitudes towards smoking policies and tobacco control measures in relation to smoking status and smoking behaviour

BACKGROUND: To examine support for various smoking policies and tobacco control measures among lifetime smokers in a country with weak anti-smoking legislation and an underdeveloped anti-smoking climate. METHODS: Current (n = 624) and former smokers (n = 131) from a general population survey filled in the 30-item Smoking Policy Index (SPI). Structural equation modelling was used to confirm the SPI factorial structure and to test whether smoking status and smoking behaviour variables were related to the six dimensions of the SPI. RESULTS: The dimension with the highest support was penalties for sales to minors. Sanctions against smokers had the lowest support. Current smokers compared with former smokers showed lower support on the taxes/fees, public education, and environmental restrictions dimensions while controlling for gender, age, and social status. Within current smokers, unfavourable smoking behaviours were associated with lower support. CONCLUSION: Even in a country with poor tobacco control conditions, lifetime smokers including smokers with highly unfavourable smoking behaviours strongly support smoking policies and tobacco control measures concerning penalties and advertising/promotion. These measures should be used to promote anti-smoking legislation, and strict law enforcement of these measures is expected to be accepted by all smokers. For measures that are not supported by all lifetime smokers, interventions may be useful to increase acceptability. A limitation of the present study is the absence of never-smokers as a comparison group.     

Meanings of smoking and adolescent smoking across ethnicities.

PURPOSE: To develop insight into population-specific meanings of smoking in our highly multicultural middle schools in order to provide effective and appropriate tools for smoking prevention efforts. METHODS: We used focus group interviews to develop the Meanings of Smoking Index (MSI), a nine-item scale that uses a "mark all that apply" strategy to assess what smoking means to children who have tried smoking as well as to those who are susceptible to smoking. In 24 public and parochial middle schools in the greater Los Angeles area, 2336 7th graders (1483 Latino, 565 Asian/ Pacific Islander and 288 white, 55.2% of the sample was female) completed the MSI as part of a school-based trial of culturally-targeted smoking prevention strategies. Items were rank ordered according to salience (rate of endorsement) and relevance (strength of relationship with lifetime smoking) across the entire sample and separately for Hispanic/Latino, Asian/Asian-American and white respondents. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to compare results between ethnicities. RESULTS: The most frequently endorsed meanings were similar across ethnicities. Magnitude of associations between smoking behaviors and meanings were dissimilar across ethnicities. The meaning with the strongest relationship to lifetime smoking for whites and Latinos was "it helps me study" (OR 3.4 and 2.6 respectively), and for Asians was "don't want to make another smoke alone" (OR 5.4). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown previously that interventions on meanings of eating behaviors changed dietary behaviors in adolescents. The present findings suggest that meanings are powerful determinants of adolescent smoking in culturally diverse populations and could offer powerful intervention tools to prevent adolescent smoking.