动态心电图心率变异性指标在评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能及预后中的价值

目的:探讨动态心电图(Holter)心率变异性指标(HRV)评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能及预后的价值。方法:选取我院2017年1—12月收治的61例急性脑卒中患者为研究组,选取同期我院收治的非脑血管疾病住院患者61例为对照组,采用Holter记录仪检测两组每5min时段窦性R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、相邻R-R间期互差>50ms的心跳数所占分析信息间期内心搏数的百分比(PNN50%)以及窦性R-R间期的平方根(rMSSD)。结果:研究组SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。脑出血患者和脑梗死患者SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡患者SDANN、SDNN、PNN50%、rMSSD均显著低于存活患者(P<0.05)。结论:Holter HRV在评估急性脑卒中患者心脏自主神经功能中具有很好的临床价值,可有效预测患者病情变化和发展,可在一定程度上避免心源性猝死事件发生。     

高血压病合并急性脑梗死患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4与心率变异性的关系

目的探讨高血压病合并急性脑梗死患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)与心率变异性(HRV)之间的关系。方法选择78例高血压病合并急性脑梗死患者为观察组,以50例单纯高血压病为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定受试者血清RBP4水平,用动态心电监护仪监测HRV时域参数,包括24h所有窦性心搏R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、24h每5分钟窦性心搏R—R问期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、24h每5分钟所有窦性心搏R-R间期标准差的均值(SDNNindex)、相邻窦性心搏R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)、24h相邻窦性心搏R-R间期差值超过50ms的百分比(PNN50)。结果对照组与观察组患者血清RBP4水平分别为(15.5±5.4/24.2±7.6)mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组与观察组的HRV时域参数分别为SDNN(112.3±21.9/79.7±19.1)ms、SDANN(36.1±9.3/25.8±7.2)ms、SDNNindex(96.7±26.8/81.3±25.0)ms、rMSSD(23.2 4±7.9/19.4±5.7)ms、PNN50(8.9±4.1/5.7±3.2)%,观察组均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清RBP4与SDNN、SDANN、SDNNindex、rMSSD、PNN50均呈显著负相关(r=-0.483、r=-0.452、r=-0.414、r=-0.293、r=-0.286,P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论血清视黄醇结合蛋白4与HRV各参数呈显著负相关,可能参与高血压病合并急性脑梗死患者自主神经功能调节失衡的形成。     

增强型体外反搏对冠心病病人心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨增强型体外反搏(EECP)对冠心病病人心率变异性(HRV)的影响.方法 对32例行EECP治疗的冠心病病人分别在治疗前及治疗后7 d做HRV检验,并与正常对照组32例进行比较.结果 反搏后7 d连续正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、标准差的平均值(SDNNind)、相邻正常心动周期差值均方的平方根(rMSSD)、邻近的两个窦性心律R-R间期差值大于50 ms的百分率(PNN50)、24 h内每5 min节段窦性心律R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)与反搏前比较差异有显著性(t=2.910～3.850,P<0.05);反搏后SDNNind、rMSSD、PNN50接近正常对照组.结论 增强型体外反搏可改善冠心病病人的心脏自主神经功能.     

56例原发性高血压患者心率变异性分析

目的探讨原发性高血压患者自主神经功能的变化以及与心脏功能损害的关系。方法以24小时动态心电图（HOLTER）中的心率（HR）2、4 h连续R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、24 h连续每5 min节段R-R间期标准差（SDNNIndex）、24 h连续5 min正常R-R间期均值的标准差（SDANN）、24 h内相邻正常连续窦性R-R间期差值的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻R-R间期差〉50 ms的个数占总心跳次数的百分比（PNN50）6项时域指标对56例原发性高血压（B组）和41例正常人（A组）的24 h心率变异性（HRV）进行对比分析。结果 B组HRV时域指标SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50较A组明显降低（P均〈0.01）,平均心率明显增快（P〈0.01）。结论原发性高血压者存在自主神经功能损害,且随着心功能损害程度加重,其损害指标变化更为明显。     

非 ST 段抬高性急性冠脉综合征心率变异性分析

目的：：探讨非 ST 段抬高性急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者心率变异性(HRV)的变化及对预后的评价。方法：入选行冠脉造影和24 h 动态心电图检查104例 NSTE-ACS 患者和61例无冠脉病变组,分析时域各参数包括24 h 内正常 R-R 间期标准差(SDNN)、24 h 内每5 min R-R 间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、24 h 内每5 min R-R 间期标准差平均值(SDNN index)、24 h 内相邻 R-R 间期差均方根(RMSSD)和24 h 内相邻 R-R间期相差>50 ms 心搏数占总心搏数百分比(PNN50)。对 NSTE-ACS 患者进行6个月随访,记录主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。结果：NSTE-ACS 组和对照组之间年龄、性别、吸烟人数、身体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖无明显差异(P >0.05)。与对照组相比,NSTE-ACS 组 SDNN、SADNN、SDNN index 明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对 NSTE-ACS 患者进行6个月随访,MACE 组 SDNN、SADNN、SDNN index、RMSSD、PNN50均比无 MACE 组显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Kaplan-Meier 分析显示 SDNN<100 ms 组无 MACE 生存率明显低于 SDNN≥100 ms 组(P <0.05)。结论：NSTE-ACS患者自主神经功能损害,低 HRV NSTE-ACS 患者心血管事件发生率更高,预后更差。     

慢性心力衰竭患者红细胞分布宽度与心率变异性的相关性

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者红细胞分布宽度(RDW-CV)与心率变异性(HRV)的相关性。方法:选取CHF患者(观察组)和检查正常的老年人(对照组)各80例,比较2组RDW-CV、HRV指标差异,比较观察组中不同心功能分级下RDW-CV、HRV指标差异,对RDW-CV与HRV指标行相关性分析。结果:观察组RDW-CV较对照组升高(P<0.01),观察组中24 h窦性R-R间距均值的标准差(SDNN)和5 min窦性R-R间距均值的标准差(SDANN)均较对照组下降(P<0.01)。心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的患者RDW-CV较心功能Ⅱ级明显升高(P<0.01),而SDNN和SDANN均较心功能Ⅱ级明显下降(P<0.01)。观察组中RDW-CV与SDNN和SDANN均呈负相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:CHF患者RDW-CV变化与自主神经特别是交感神经过度激活有关。     

老年2型糖尿病无症状心肌缺血患者心电学分析

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病无症状心肌缺血(SMI)患者的心电学特点.方法:随机选择24 h动态心电图检测的老年单纯2型糖尿病患者70例(Ⅰ组)、2型糖尿病合并SMI患者55例(Ⅱ组)及健康老年对照者50例(Ⅲ组),对比Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组心律失常情况.并对其室性早搏发生部位进行分析,对比3组心率变异性(HRV)时域指标[24 h窦性R-R间期均值标准差(SDNN)、5 min窦性R-R间期均值标准差(SDANN Index)、5 min窦性R-R间期标准差的均值(SDNN Index)、24 h R-R连续差异均方的平方根(rMSSD)和相邻窦性R-R间期差值>50 ms的百分比(PNN50)].结果:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组房性早搏(χ2=0.509,P=0.475)、房性心动过速(χ2=0.086,P=0.769)发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;但室性早搏(χ2=9.478,P=0.002)、室性心动过速(χ2=2.458,P=0.117)发生率比较,差异有统计学意义.Ⅱ组左心室前壁及心尖部室性早搏发生率高于Ⅰ组(χ2=9.943,P=0.002).3组HRV时域指标SDNN、SDANN Index、SDNN In-dex、rMSSD和PNN50比较,差异均有统计学意义(F为20.126、23.151、14.356、17.407和8.181,P均<0.05);且Ⅱ组rMSSD、PNN50与Ⅲ组比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论:老年2型糖尿病SMI患者室性心律失常发生率增高,HRV降低,左心室前壁及心尖部室性早搏发生率高于单纯老年2型糖尿病患者.     

焦虑障碍患者自主神经功能特点及抗焦虑治疗对心电图变异的影响

目的 探讨焦虑障碍患者自主神经功能特点及抗焦虑治疗对心电图变异的影响.方法 选取本院2018年2月至2019年11月收治的焦虑障碍患者80例作为焦虑组,并选取本院同期收治的80例无焦虑障碍患者作为对照组.两组均接受24 h动态心电图监测,观察分析两组心率变异情况.焦虑障碍患者采用舍曲林治疗,比较两组及焦虑组治疗前后心率(HR)、心率变异系数(HRV1)、NN间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻正常R-R间期差值>50 ms的百分比(PNN50)、相邻NN间期差值均方根(rMSSD)及N间期标准差(SDNN)情况.结果 治疗后,焦虑组HR明显高于对照组,HRV1、SDANN、PNN50、rMSSD、SDNN均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,焦虑组治疗后HR明显降低,HRV1、SDANN、PNN50、rMSSD、SDNN均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 焦虑障碍患者存在明显的自主神经功能降低,给予抗焦虑治疗能显著改善焦虑障碍患者自主神经功能.     

2型糖尿病患者心率变异性分析及依帕司他对其的影响

目的 观察2型糖尿病患者心率变异性(HRV)改变的特征及依帕司他对其的影响。 方法 应用24 h动态心电图对2007年7月-2011年7月皖南医学院第二附属医院收治的46例2型糖尿病患者进行心率变异性分析,并与28例正常人进行比较。将46例2型糖尿病患者随机分为常规治疗组和依帕司他组;依帕司他组在常规治疗基础上加依帕司他治疗,观察治疗6个月后各组心率变异性时域和频域各项指标,时域指标包括24 h连续正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN),24 h内每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),全程相邻窦性心搏RR间期之差的均方根值(rMSSD),24 h内相邻的两个正常R-R间期差值>50 ms的个数占总心率数的百分比(PNN50);频域指标包括:低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、低频与高频的比(LF/HF)的变化。 结果 2型糖尿病患者心率变异性时域和频域各项指标与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2型糖尿病常规治疗组治疗6个月后SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF等各项指标与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而依帕司他组治疗6个月后HRV时域和频域各项指标与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者HRV降低,自主神经功能受损;依帕司他可改善其自主神经功能。      

哌唑嗪与缬沙坦治疗血液透析伴肾性高血压患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察哌唑嗪与缬沙坦治疗血液透析(HD)伴肾性高血压(RH)患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2019年12月在河南省洛阳东方医院接受治疗的HD伴RH患者64例,按随机数字表法区分成对照组和观察组,每组32例。对照组采用缬沙坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合哌唑嗪治疗。观察比较两组治疗前后体液指标:血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngII)、肾素、醛固酮;血压水平;HRV指标:24 h窦性R-R间期总体标准差(SDNN)、24 h每5分钟平均窦性R-R间期标准差(SDANN)、相邻R-R间期差值大于50毫秒百分比(PNN50)、相邻窦性R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD);肾功能指标:24 h尿液蛋白、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr);治疗期间不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,观察组AngII、肾素、醛固酮、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、24 h尿液蛋白、Scr、BUN水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05),SDANN、SDNN、PNN50、rMSSD明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);治疗期间,观察组与对照组的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论哌唑嗪联合缬沙坦治疗HD伴随RH的患者,可以更有效抑制肾素-Ang-醛固酮系统活性、增大HRV、降低血压以及改善肾功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.