隐匿性乙型肝炎79例临床与病理分析

目的：探讨隐匿性乙型肝炎的临床与病理特征。方法：应用荧光定量PCR及免疫组织化学方法，对79例不同HBV抗体阳性而肝功能反复异常者的临床与肝组织病理进行分析。结果：79例患者中，血清HBV DNA阳性27例（34．2％），肝组织中HBV DNA阳性59例（74．7％），差异具有显著性意义（X^2=26．1，P〈0．01）；肝组织病理检查结果显示慢性肝炎77例，其中大多数为轻中度损害，肝硬化早期2例；免疫组化检测结果显示肝组织中HBsAg阳性11例，HBcAg阳性32例。结论：①隐匿性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中HBV DNA阳性率明显高于血清；②隐匿性乙型肝炎患者大多数存在不同程度肝损害，需要及时治疗。     

慢性乙型肝炎外周血淋巴细胞CD8+和CD11b+的表达

为了解慢性乙型肝炎与慢性重型肝炎细胞毒性和抑制性T细胞的变化，我们检测了外周血淋巴细胞CD8^ 、CD11b^ 和CD11b^ 的表达。     

氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者CD4~+、CD8~+的影响

目的探讨氨溴索对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清CD4+、CD8+分子的影响。方法选取该院呼吸内科收治的COPD患者1 024例,采用双盲法将其分为三组,对照组381例,予常规药物治疗,复方异丙托溴铵溶液2.5 ml,溶于2.5 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液中,雾化吸入,2次/d,10 d为1个疗程;实验组320例,注射用氨溴索30 mg,溶于5 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液中,雾化吸入,2次/d;安慰剂组323例,予0.9%氯化钠注射液5 ml,2次/d,雾化吸入10 d。1个疗程结束后,观察三组患者治疗前后体内血清CD4+、CD8+含量以及两者比值及药物治疗的总有效率。结果治疗后,安慰剂组患者体内血清CD4+、CD8+含量及两者比值无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,实验组与对照组血清CD4+含量显著升高、CD8+含量显著降低、两者比值显著升高,且实验组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,实验组和对照组总有效率显著高于安慰剂组,且实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论氨溴索可有效改善COPD患者血清CD4+、CD8+含量以及两者比值,对COPD患者有较好的治疗效果,值得临床广泛推广。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎及相关疾病发生发展中的作用

慢性乙型肝炎是临床上常见的感染性疾病,可进展为肝硬化、肝癌.患者体内乙型肝炎病毒的持续复制和机体免疫功能的低下与疾病的发生发展密切相关.调节性T细胞具有免疫无能、免疫抑制的特性,近年来发现其可能与慢性乙型肝炎的发病机制有关.此文对CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎发生发展中的作用作一综述.     

CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞在慢性乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用研究进展

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Treg)是一个具有独特免疫调节功能的T细胞亚群,对维持机体免疫动态平衡具有重要作用。它不仅诱导产生自身免疫耐受,防止自身免疫性疾病的发生,而且能够限制免疫防御中T细胞和B细胞的过度活化,避免造成组织损伤。慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒感染的持续原因可能与体内CD4+CD25+Treg细胞数量或者功能异常,从而降低了机体对HBV发挥特异性效应的CD8+T细胞反应有关。     

CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞在重型乙型肝炎发病中的作用

目的探讨CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞在重型乙型肝炎病人发病机制中的作用。方法采用流式细胞仪检测30例重型乙型肝炎患者、20例慢性乙型肝炎患者、20例无症状乙肝病毒携带者和10例健康的外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞(CD4 CD25 Treg)的水平,并应用荧光定量PCR方法测定上述研究对象血中HBVDNA滴度。结果(1)重型乙型肝炎组外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的平均百分率为(2.63±0.83)%,较慢性乙型肝炎组的(4.15±1.17)%有显著差异(P<0.05),较无症状乙肝病毒携带者组及健康对照组则有极其显著差异(P均<0.01);(2)慢性乙型肝炎组外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的百分率与无症状乙肝病毒携带者及健康对照组,有显著的差异(P<0.05);无症状乙型肝炎携带者组外周血调节CD4 CD25 T细胞的百分率为(8.32±2.72)%,与健康对照组(8.10±2.65)%比较无差异;(3)重型乙型肝炎组外周血HBVDNA滴度为1.2×104拷贝/ml,与慢性乙型肝炎组(2.3×106拷贝/ml)和无症状乙肝病毒携带者(7.8×105拷贝/ml)相比较,有极其显著差异(P均<0.01);慢性乙型肝炎组外周血HBVDNA滴度与无症状乙肝病毒携带者相比,无差异;(4)无症状乙型肝炎携带者;慢性乙型肝炎和重型乙型肝炎,患者外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的百分率与HBVDNA滴度呈正相关。结论(1)CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞能抑制T细胞对乙型肝炎病毒的免疫反应,从而抑制乙型肝炎病毒诱导的对肝细胞的免疫攻击的发生;(2)不同乙型肝炎病人外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的百分率与HBVDNA滴度呈正相关,表明CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞数量对体内HBV载量具有较大的影响;(3)CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞在重型乙型肝炎的病情进展及病毒抑制清除等方面起着重要的作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8+CD28+T淋巴细胞百分比的变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 探讨不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比的变化,以及CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比变化与血清HBsAg水平的关系。方法 2018年4月~2018年8月我院诊治的慢性乙型肝炎患者88例,其中免疫耐受期20例,免疫清除期28例,非活动期20例,再活动期20例,另选择健康人20例。使用流式细胞术检测外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比。结果 健康人与免疫耐受期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（26.1±3.5）%和（26.3±3.4）%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;免疫清除期患者CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比为（40.1±4.7）%,显著高于健康人（P<0.05）;非活动期和再活动期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（20.3±2.2）%和（26.1±2.2）%,显著低于健康人（P<0.05）;外周血HBsAg低、中、高三组人群外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（24.0±7.5）%、（28.4±8.9）%和（33.2±8.5）%,各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比存在明显差异,可能与病毒长期刺激机体免疫系统,导致免疫系统功能失调有关,而这种失调可能参与了慢性乙型肝炎的发病过程。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞表达增加

目的:探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞在慢性丙型肝炎患者免疫下调中的意义.方法:流式细胞仪检测慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的数量;与CD4+CD25-T细胞共同培养,检测其抑制功能;流式细胞仪检测其对CD4+CD25-T细胞合成IFN-γ和IL-4的影响;RT-PCR检测CD4+CD25+Treg细胞中Foxp3的mRNA表达.结果:CD4+CD25+Treg细胞约占慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD4+T细胞的14.1±1.6%,显著高于正常对照5.3±0.8%(P＜0.01),显著抑制CD4+T细胞的增殖(P=0.002),以及合成IFN-γ.CD4+CD25+Treg 细胞高表达Foxp3.结论:持续性HCV感染患者CD4+CD25+Treg细胞表达增加,特异性抑制Th1细胞反应.     

CD8+淋巴细胞表达强度与乙型病毒性肝炎不同肝组织炎症分级的关系

目的探讨CD8 淋巴细胞与乙型肝炎患者肝组织炎症分级的关系和意义。方法应用免疫组织化学技术,检测不同炎症分级的肝组织中CD8 淋巴细胞的表达。结果G0肝组织中CD8 表达弱,随着炎症分级的增强,CD8 表达逐渐增强。G4最为明显,有明显统计学意义。结论CD8 淋巴细胞表达强度与肝组织炎症分级有明显相关性。     

CD+4 CD+25调节性T细胞抑制持续性丙型肝炎病毒感染患者CD+4T细胞反应

目的探讨CD+4 CD+25调节性T细胞(CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞)在持续性HCV感染患者CD+4 T细胞下调中的意义.方法流式细胞术检测慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞的数量以及细胞内因子的合成;与正常人或患者CD+4 CD-25 T细胞共同培养,检测其抑制功能;RT-PCR检测Foxp3的mRNA表达.结果 CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞约占慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD+4 T细胞的(13.5±1.8)%,高于正常对照(5.3±0.8)% (P=0.004);主要合成IL-10,高表达Foxp3;CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞显著抑制CD+4 T细胞的增殖,以及合成IFNγ,并且抑制活性较正常人增高(P=0.034),这种作用不依赖IL-10和转化生长因子β.结论持续性HCV感染患者CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞表达增加,抑制活性增强,特异性抑制Th1反应.     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清表面抗体性质鉴定

目的 了解隐匿性HBV感染者抗-HBs的特性及其与HBsAg的结合能力.方法 对2例抗-HBs阳性的隐匿性HBV感染者进行长期随访,使用多种试剂盒对患者血清进行多次HBsAg检测,利用不同血清型HBsAg对患者血清进行中和反应,了解血清中抗体亚型情况.PCR扩增S基因构建真核表达质粒,分析S基因变异情况,并将质粒转染HepG2细胞,取培养上清液及转染细胞分别混合进行HBsAg检测.使用患者血清及抗-HBs阳性血清(对照组)对部分HBsAg阳性克隆上清液进行中和反应.不同组间数据比较采用t检验.结果 多种试剂盒进行的多次检测结果均表明患者血清HBsAg为阴性;HBsAg的3种不同血清型(adr、adw、ay)均能够中和患者血清中大部分抗-HBs(82.1%～100.0%).S基因序列分析表明核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性分别为95.13%～97.79%和92.04%～95.58%;培养上清液和转染细胞裂解液中HBsAg定量分别为对照组的48.1%和59.3%,上清液/细胞裂解液比值分别为0.85和0.38.中和试验结果显示转染上清液中HBsAg定量较混合前有所降低,但是仍然可以检测到,而对照组检测不到HBsAg,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为353.6和645.2,P值均<0.01).结论 抗-HBs阳性隐匿性HBV感染者体内HBsAg的抗原性及分泌能力有所下降,抗HBs主要针对不同血清型HBsAg的共同表位,但可能与疫苗注射产生的抗-HBs有所不同.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the properties of HBsAb in occult hepatitis B virus infection and its affinity to different serotypes of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods Long-term follow-up was conducted in 2 HBsAb positive patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection. HBsAg was detected using multiple diagnostic kits and the HBsAb subtype was determined by performing neutralization experiments with different serotypes of HBsAg. The viral S gene was PCR-amplified and mutation analysis was conducted. Plasmids expressing HBsAgs were constructed by inserting these PCR products into an eukaryotic expression vector and were then transfected into HepG2 cells. The cell culture supernatant and cellular extracts were detected for HBsAg respectively. Neutralization experiments were carried out in the cell culture supernatant from HBsAg plasmids transfected HepG2 cells and serum samples from these patients and others who had been confirmed to be positive for HBsAb. Results Multiple tests using various diagnostic kits showed that the 2 patients were negative for HBsAg and the three different serotypes of HBsAg (adr, adw, ay) could neutralize 82.1%-100% of HBsAb existed in the 2 patients. Sequence analysis of S gene cloned from these patients revealed that the homology to reference strain were 95.13%-97.79% and 92.04%-95.58% respectively at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Quantitation of HBsAg showed that the expression levels of HBsAg from the two patients were 41.1% and 22.6% respectively of that of control HBsAg in cell culture supernatant and 48.1% and 59.3% respectively in cellular extract, and the supernatant/cell lysate ratios were 0.85 and 0.38 respectively. In neutralization experiments, HBsAg could be totally absorbed by control serum, whereas could only be partially neutralized by HBsAbs from the two patients (F = 353.6 and 645.2, P < 0.01). Conclusion Both the antigenicity and the ability of HBsAg secreted outside of the cells are decresed in these HBsAb-positive patients with occult HBV infection. The HBsAbs are mainly specific for common epitopes among different serotypes of HBsAg and are probably different as compared with those produced by vaccine inoculation.     

Genetic variation of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) surface antigen(HBs Ag) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant "α" determinant of S protein are "hot spots" that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBs Ag or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.     

成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病患者CD4+CD25+T细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)患者外周血免疫调节性CD4 CD25 T细胞亚群的变化及其意义。方法以流式细胞仪检测32例LADA、16例T1DM、25例T2DM及27例正常对照外周血CD4 CD25 、CD3 CD8 T细胞。结果①LADA组外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞低于而CD3 CD8 T细胞高于T1DM组、T2DM组和正常对照组;②LADA患者CD3 CD8 T细胞比例与起病年龄、FC-P、2hC-P呈负相关。结论LADA患者免疫调节性CD4 CD25 T细胞减少,不能有效维持对胰岛自身抗原的耐受;细胞毒性CD3 CD8 T细胞增多从而破坏胰岛β细胞,导致自身免疫性糖尿病的发生和发展。     

An overview of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI), alternatively defined as occult hepatitis B (OHB), is a challenging clinical entity. It is recognized by two main characteristics: absence of HBsAg, and low viral replication. The previous two decades have witnessed a remarkable progress in our understanding of OBI and its clinical implications. Appropriate diagnostic techniques must be adopted. Sensitive HBV DNA amplification assay is the gold standard assay for detection of OBI. Viral as well as host factors...     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染者临床特点和肝组织病理学检查

目的了解血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性、肝功能反复异常患者中HBV隐匿性感染的比例及其临床和病理学特点。方法对27例血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性、肝功能反复异常患者采用免疫组化法检测肝组织HBsAg、HBcAg和HCVAg，并进行常规的病理学检查。结果肝组织HBsAg和（或）HBcAg阳性9例（33．3％）；HBsAg和（或）HBcAg及HCVAg阳性10例（37．0％）；全阴性8例（29．6％）。在HBV隐匿性感染的19例患者中，慢性肝炎8例，肝硬化11例。结论HBV和HCV感染为血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性患者肝功能反复异常的主要原因之一，尤其是HBV感染。这种HBV隐匿性感染与慢性肝炎、肝硬化的发生关系密切，应引起重视。     

Long-term clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Long-term clinical outcomes of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. METHODS: Fifteen chronic hepatitis B patients were monitored for a median of 4.4 years (range 0.9-15.3) after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. Serum HBV DNA was measured by real-time detection polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen patients underwent liver biopsies at the end of follow-up and liver histology was evaluated by Ishak score. Liver HBV DNA was also measured for 12 patients. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, HBV viremia was absent in 13 (87%) patients, and antibody titers to hepatitis B core antigen showed an inverse correlation with time from HBsAg seroclearance (r=-0.554; P=0.0040). However, all patients retained liver HBV DNA and tested positive for the covalently closed circular HBV DNA replicative intermediate. The hepatic HBV DNA loads had no relation to liver histology. Paired biopsies from 11 patients disclosed that each necroinflammatory score significantly improved after HBsAg seroclearance. Amelioration of liver fibrosis was also evident in eight (73%) patients (P=0.0391 by signed rank test). CONCLUSIONS: A long-standing but strongly suppressed HBV infection may confer histological amelioration after HBsAg seroclearance.     

HBV感染后外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞与疾病进展的相关性

目的:探讨HBV感染者外周血CD4~ CD25~ Fox- p3~ 调节性T细胞水平与HBV感染后疾病进程的相关性.方法:HBV感染者136名及健康对照40名,应用流式细胞仪胞内染色技术检测外周血CD4~ CD25~ Foxp3~ 调节性T细胞表达,结合HBV感染者临床情况进行分析.结果:HBV感染者外周血CD4~ CD25~ Foxp3~ 调节性T细胞表达率较健康对照组显著增高(7.48%±1.03% vs 3.58%±0.71%,P<0.01);慢性乙肝组与慢性重型乙肝组相比,外周血CD4~ CD25~ Foxp3~ T调节细胞的表达率有明显差异(6.55%±1.26% vs 8.65%±2.58%,P<0.05);HBV病毒载量的对数值与外周血CD4~ CD25~ Foxp3~ T调节细胞的表达率之间存在正相关(r=0.332,P<0.01).结论:HBV感染者外周血CD4~ CD25~ Foxp3~ 调节性T细胞水平与疾病进展明显相关.     

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in haemodialysis patients from central Greece

AIM:To assess the hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA and the prevalence of occult HBV infection in end-stage renal failure(ESRF)patients from Central Greece. METHODS:Sera from 366 ESRF patients attending five out of six dialysis units from Central Greece were investigated for HBV-DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Only serum samples with repeatedly detectable HBV-DNA were considered positive.IgG antibodies to hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV)were tested by a third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELIS...     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者肝组织IL-12表达及其意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒感染者肝组织白细胞介素12（IL-12）表达与临床表现和肝脏病理学变化的关系。方法应用免疫组化法检测9例正常肝脏组织、183例慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）、41例乙型肝炎肝硬化、37例HBV相关肝癌患者肝组织IL-12表达情况,并与临床特点和病理分级等进行相关性分析。结果 CHB患者肝组织IL-12以弱阳性表达为主,阳性和强阳性表达的比例仅为26.8%,而肝硬化和肝癌患者阳性和强阳性表达的比例分别为36.6%和48.6%,均显著高于CHB患者（P＜0.05）;HBeAg阴转且HBV DNA阴转的CHB患者肝内IL-12阳性表达比例为64.3%,显著高于HBeAg阳性伴肝功能异常者（30.0%）和肝功能正常者（20.4%）（P＜0.05）;未发现IL-12表达与肝脏炎症分级或纤维化分期具有相关性。结论 IL-12可能参与HBV感染后的疾病进展与转归。