不同糖耐量冠心病患者血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的 比较血清内脂素(visfatin)在不同糖耐量水平冠心病患者和正常个体中的表达情况,评价血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系.方法 经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者85例,按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准分为冠心病正常糖耐量组(CHD)34例、冠心病合并糖调节异常组(CIG)25例、冠心病合并2型糖尿病组(CDM)26例,选择健康志愿者30名(冠状动脉CT血管造影阴性)作为正常对照组(CON).检测受试者人体测量学指标及糖、脂代谢指标;应用Gemini冠状动脉评分系统对冠状动脉狭窄程度进行评估;用SPSS 12.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 与CON组比较,CHD、CIG及CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);与CHD组相比较,CIG和CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);内脂素水平与Gesini冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关(r=0.669,P<0.01);内脂素与腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈正相关(r=0.200,P=0.032;r=0.185,P=0.047;r=0.321,P<0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r-0.354,P<0.01),多元回归分析显示,腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响内脂素水平的主要因素.结论 (1)血清内脂素水平较好地反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,检测内脂素水平有助于冠心病的早期诊断.(2)在合并2型糖尿病及糖调节异常的冠心病患者中,血清内脂素表达显著增高,与临床糖尿病患者更重的冠状动脉病变相符合.(3)腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响血清内脂素水平的主要因素,提示内脂素水平与腹型肥胖密切相关.     

不同糖耐量冠心病患者血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的 比较血清内脂素(visfatin)在不同糖耐量水平冠心病患者和正常个体中的表达情况,评价血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系.方法 经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者85例,按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准分为冠心病正常糖耐量组(CHD)34例、冠心病合并糖调节异常组(CIG)25例、冠心病合并2型糖尿病组(CDM)26例,选择健康志愿者30名(冠状动脉CT血管造影阴性)作为正常对照组(CON).检测受试者人体测量学指标及糖、脂代谢指标;应用Gemini冠状动脉评分系统对冠状动脉狭窄程度进行评估;用SPSS 12.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 与CON组比较,CHD、CIG及CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);与CHD组相比较,CIG和CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);内脂素水平与Gesini冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关(r=0.669,P<0.01);内脂素与腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈正相关(r=0.200,P=0.032;r=0.185,P=0.047;r=0.321,P<0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r-0.354,P<0.01),多元回归分析显示,腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响内脂素水平的主要因素.结论 (1)血清内脂素水平较好地反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,检测内脂素水平有助于冠心病的早期诊断.(2)在合并2型糖尿病及糖调节异常的冠心病患者中,血清内脂素表达显著增高,与临床糖尿病患者更重的冠状动脉病变相符合.(3)腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响血清内脂素水平的主要因素,提示内脂素水平与腹型肥胖密切相关.     

双能X线吸收法对体脂测量的应用

目的:探索双能X线吸收(Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry,DEXA)法测量体脂分布的应用价值.方法:对85名受试者应用体重测量仪测定法逐一测量简易体脂参数:身高、体重、腰围、臀围,以体重指数≥25 kg/m2为标准,区分为肥胖者52名,非肥胖者33名;参照2005年代谢综合征全球统一定义中国人中心性肥胖的切点,腹型肥胖的诊断标准:腰围≥90 cm(男性),腰围≥80 cm(女性),区分为腹型肥胖者47名,非腹型肥胖者38名.同时利用DEXA法记录体重、各部位脂肪含量,计算全身脂肪比例、腰臀部脂肪比;比较DEXA法和体重测量仪测定法测得的人体体重差异,分别比较体重指数与全身脂肪比例对肥胖检出的一致性,腰围与腰臀部脂肪比对腹型肥胖检出的一致性,并将男、女两者的腰臀部脂肪比与简易体脂参数进行相关性分析.结果:应用两种方法分别对85名受试者进行体重测量,DEXA法测得的结果为(69.07±13.05)kg,体重测量仪测得的结果为(70.24±13.22)kg,对两组测量结果进行配对t检验,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.全身脂肪比例用于男、女性肥胖诊断的敏感性分别为73.33%、86.36%,特异性分别为100%、81.82%;腰臀部脂肪比用于男、女性腹型肥胖诊断的敏感性分别为73.08%、85.72%,特异性分别为73.33%、78.26%;男性的腰臀比、女性的腰围与腰臀部脂肪比相关系数最高.结论:DEXA技术可用于测定体脂含量及分布,全身脂肪比例判断肥胖症的切点男性为27.97%,女性为34.27%,腰臀部脂肪比判断腹型肥胖的切点男性为0.64,女性为0.49;男性测量腰臀比、女性测量腰围均能更好的预测腰臀部脂肪比.     

糖尿病前期患者内脏脂肪面积与脂肪因子的相关性研究

目的探讨糖尿病前期患者内脏脂肪面积(VATA)与血清脂肪因子的相关性。方法选择在该院门诊确诊的糖尿病前期患者57例,其中超重组22例,肥胖组14例(P-NGT),正常体重组21例。检测其血清胰岛素(FINS)、脂联素(APN)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平,按稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),采用双能X线骨密度仪检测观察对象全身脂肪比例及VATA。结果 (1)超重及肥胖组血清FINS、HOMA-IR及TNF-α水平明显高于正常体重组(P0.01);APN水平明显低于正常体重组(P0.01)。IL-6在三组之间差异无统计学意义。(2)肥胖组的全身脂肪比例明显高于超重组及正常体重组(P0.01);肥胖组及超重组VATA均显著高于正常体重组(均P0.01);(3)APN与腰臀比(WHR)、HOMA-IR、全身体脂比例、VATA、甘油三酯(TG)呈负相关;TNF-α与WHR、HOMA-IR、全身体脂比例、VATA、TG呈正相关。结论糖尿病前期超重及肥胖患者VATA明显增加,与APN分泌减少密切相关,可能是糖代谢紊乱的重要影响因素。     

不同糖代谢状况患者血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6水平与高敏C反应蛋白、内脂素、脉搏波传导速度和踝肱指数的关系

目的探讨不同糖代谢状况患者血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6水平变化及其与高敏C反应蛋白、内脂素、脉搏波传导速度及踝肱指数等的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉疾病、2型糖尿病、糖调节受损和正常糖耐量患者血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6、内脂素水平;动脉硬化检测仪检测脉搏波传导速度和踝肱指数。结果 2型糖尿病合并下肢动脉疾病组血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6低于2型糖尿病组(P<0.05),2型糖尿病组血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6显著低于正常糖耐量组(P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析表明,血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6与年龄、病程、空腹血糖、糖负荷后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、腰臀比、内脂素、高敏C反应蛋白、脉搏波传导速度均呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),与踝肱指数呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,腰臀比、糖化血红蛋白、高敏C反应蛋白与血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6独立相关。结论血浆生长停滞特异性基因产物6在糖调节受损期有所下降,在糖尿病及并发下肢动脉疾病中显著降低,与炎症、周围血管动脉粥样硬化及内脏脂肪有关,可能是糖尿病的一个独立危险因子。     

随访肥胖人群中代谢综合征发生的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响随访肥胖人群代谢综合征(MS)发生的相关因素.方法 研究对象来自2000年筛查出的413例单纯肥胖者(体重指数≥25 kg/m2)及196名正常体重的健康人,7年后对此人群的体脂、血压、血脂、血糖情况进行随访调查.并测定随访前后胰岛素抵抗指数和血管内皮功能.结果 共随访到553例,其中单纯肥胖者381例(单纯肥胖组),正常体重者172名(正常体重组).单纯肥胖组MS累积发生率35.17％,正常体重组MS累积发生率8.14％.单纯肥胖组有MS者与无MS者比较,基线时的腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数( HOMA-IR)显著升高(均P＜0.05),内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)明显降低(P＜0.01).正常体重组发生MS者的腰围、腰臀比、空腹胰岛素也高于未发生MS者(均P＜0.05),而EDD低于未发生者(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,男性性别、腰围、腰臀比、空腹血糖、HOMA-IR和EDD是发生MS的危险因素.结论 腹型肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和内皮功能障碍是MS发生的基本病因.     

血清内脂素与肥胖和2型糖尿病的关系

目的 探讨血清内脂素与肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2DM）的相关性.方法 采用ELISA法检测100例T2DM患者（T2DM组）和80例健康者（对照组）的血清内脂素;测量其BMI及腰臀比（WHR）,检测空腹胰岛素（FINS）、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）;分析内脂素与BMI、WHR、血糖、血脂、HOMA-IR的关系.结果 T2DM组肥胖者（A1组）与非肥胖者（A2组）内脂素水平均高于对照组（P＜0.01）,且A1组高于A2组（P＜0.05）;内脂素水平与BMI、WHR、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、LDL-C呈负相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（P＜0.01或＜0.05）.结论 T2DM患者血清内脂素升高,并与肥胖相关;内脂素可能参与T2DM和肥胖的发病机制.     

不同糖耐量人群及糖尿病患者血浆内脂素与血糖及胰岛功能的关系研究

目的探讨不同糖耐量人群血浆内脂素的变化及其与体重指数(BMI)、腰围、血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛B细胞功能、血脂等的关系。方法2006年4月至2006年10月在南京医科大学第一附属医院门诊常规健康体检及糖尿病初次就诊者95名,按WHO1999糖尿病诊断标准分为初诊2型糖尿病组(53例)、糖耐量减退组(7例)、正常糖耐量组(35名);以WHO1998肥胖诊断标准分为超重或肥胖组(50名)、正常体重组(45名)。检测受试者BMI、腰围、血压,测定空腹血浆内脂素、血糖、血脂、胰岛素等。结果初诊2型糖尿病患者空腹血浆内脂素明显高于正常糖耐量组(P<0.01)。超重或肥胖组与正常体重组间血浆内脂素差异无显著性意义。人群中血浆内脂素与空腹血糖(r=0.338,P<0.01)、餐后2h血糖(r=0.340,P<0.01)、胰岛素抵抗指数(r=0.227,P<0.05)呈正相关,与胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-B)呈负相关(r=-0.296,P<0.05)。在2型糖尿病组,血浆内脂素与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)呈正相关(r=0.356,P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,餐后2h血糖是影响血浆内脂素的独立相关因素。结论初诊2型糖尿病患者血浆内脂素显著升高,可能是机体针对体内血糖增高、胰岛功能受损所发生的一种代偿效应。     

内脂素与肥胖和糖代谢异常的关系

目的 探讨内脂素与肥胖和糖代谢异常的关系.方法 根据受检者的血糖、病程和肥胖程度分为正常糖耐量(NGT组)、糖调节受损(IGR组)、初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM,A组)、已诊T2DM(B组)、肥胖组和非肥胖组,用ELISA法测定各组空腹血浆内脂素,分析其与体质量指数、腰围(WC)、腰臀比、血糖、血脂、血压、真胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数和胰岛β细胞功能指数等关系.结果 A、B组内脂素水平明显高于NGT组(P<0.05,<0.01),B组高于A组(P<0.05),肥胖组高于非肥胖组(P<0.01).内脂素水平与糖化血红蛋白、WC呈独立正相关,与糖负荷后2h胰岛素呈独立负相关.结论 血浆内脂素与肥胖和糖代谢状态有关,可能在T2DM发病中起重要作用.     

肥胖及2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平的变化及其临床意义

目的检测正常糖调节正常体重者(NW-NGR)和正常糖调节超重/肥胖者(OW/OB-NGR)、2型糖尿病(T2DM)及其亚组2型糖尿病正常体重组(NW-T2DM)和2型糖尿病伴超重/肥胖组(OW/OB- T2DM)的血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)水平,并探讨RBP4与体脂,糖、脂代谢,胰岛素敏感性等的相关性。方法采用HOMA-IR评价各组胰岛素敏感性,测定受试者的体重指数(BMI),腰臀比(WHR),脂肪含量(Fat%),检测空腹状态下血清RBP4,血糖,HbA_(1C)血脂和胰岛素水平。结果校正年龄、性别后,OW/OB-NGR,T2DM及OW/OB-T2DM组显著高于NW-NGR组的血清RBP4[(29.85±6.60、29.70±5.89、30.86±6.11)mg/L vs(25.47±6.84)mg/L,均P＜0.05]。NW-T2DM与NW-NGR组间的血清RBP4差异无统计学意义(28.35±5.42 vs 25.47±6.84)mg/L,但显著低于OW/OB-T2DM(P＜0.05)。多元逐步回归分析发现,WHR(r~2=0.166,P＜0.01)、甘油三酯(r~2=0.188,p＜0.01)、年龄(r~2=0.205,P＜0.01)是血清RBP4的独立相关因素。结论肥胖者的血清RBP4水平显著升高；血清RBP4与WHR、甘油三酯、年龄呈正相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.