直立倾斜试验760例的年龄和性别差异及护理对策

目的探讨直立倾斜试验（HUTT）的年龄和性别差异并制定护理对策。方法选择2001年1月-2008年3月在中南大学湘雅二医院晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因头晕、晕厥、头痛、胸闷受检者760例，男318例，女442例，年龄3．1～70．0岁，平均（21．7±15．7）岁，其中〈18岁464例（儿童组），≥18岁296例（成人组），分别进行HUTT检查并制定护理对策。结果（1）不同年龄、性别HUTT阳性率：760例HUTT受检者，HUTT阳性397例，阳性率为52．24％。成人组HUTT阳性率低于儿童组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），儿童组男性低于女性，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），成人组未见性别差异（P〉0．05）。（2）不同年龄、性别出现HUTT阳性反应时间：在基础直立倾斜试验（BHUT）儿童组出现HUTT阳性反应时间小于成人组，差异有统计学意义［（21．8±10．4）min vs．（26．3±13．0）min］，P〈0．05）；在SNHUT儿童组与成人组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）晕厥发作时血流动力学明显变化出现卒：晕厥发作时心率≤40次／min者22例（2．89％），血压测不到者67例（8．82％）。（4）药物诱导副作用：舌下含化硝酸甘油496例，未见明显的不良反应。结论HUTT存在一定的年龄和性别差异，诱导晕厥发作存在一定风险，但密切观察HUTT阳性表现时的生命体征变化并及时采取有效护理措施是安全的，强调应重视儿童和女性HUTT表现快速多变的特点。     

直立倾斜试验临床价值的探讨

目的：探讨直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值。方法：对68例不明原因晕厥患者及40例无晕厥病史健康对照者进行直立倾斜试验,先进行基础倾斜试验,倾斜70°、持续30 min,阴性者再进行药物激发试验,分别为异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验和硝酸甘油倾斜试验。结果：68例晕厥患者中,倾斜试验总阳性者46例（阳性率67.6%）,40例对照组中阳性者5例（阳性率12.5%）,晕厥组阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;晕厥组药物激发试验中,硝酸甘油组阳性率高于异丙肾上腺素组（78.6%与44.8%,P〈0.01）。结论：直立倾斜试验是常规诊断不明原因晕厥的有效方法;硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验有较高的阳性率,操作方便,不良反应少。     

硝酸甘油与异丙肾上腺素加倾斜试验诊断血管迷走性晕厥的效果对比

目的探讨舌下含服硝酸甘油加基础倾斜试验（BHUT）在诊断血管迷走性晕厥中的价值。方法不明原因晕厥患者78例,随机分为两组,其中行基础倾斜试验加舌下含服硝酸甘油（NTG组）42例,行基础倾斜试验加静脉泵入异丙肾上腺素（ISO组）36例,比较两组的试验阳性率、激发阳性反应时间。结果 NTG组诊断阳性率为69.0%,ISO组为72.2%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;NTG组出现阳性反应时间为（6.5±3.7）min,ISO组（5.1±3.2）min,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 NTG法敏感性高,阳性诱发时间短,且使用方便,不良反应少。     

倾斜试验与站立试验诊断小儿血管迷走性晕厥的比较

目的比较倾斜试验与站立试验诊断小儿血管迷走性晕厥的价值.方法将78例不明原因晕厥患儿随机分成两组,每组各39例,分别行倾斜试验和站立试验.结果倾斜试验组8例(占20.5%)因不能耐受或不合作而放弃,余31例倾斜试验阳性18例,阳性率58.1%;站立试验组39例均能良好耐受,39例中26例为阳性反应,阳性率66. 7%,较倾斜试验组略高,但无显著性差异.站立试验组和倾斜试验组阳性反应时血压和心率变化相似,两组间比较无显著性差异.结论站立试验由于试验时间短,操作简便,更适用于儿童患者.     

直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值

目的评价直立倾斜试验(HUTT)对血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的诊断价值,观察HUTT阳性患者晕厥前、后的心律、心率以及血流动力学改变。方法不明原因晕厥患者119例,比较HUTT阳性与阴性患者的特点,观察其血流动力学的变化。结果 (1)119例不明原因晕厥患者进行HUTT,阳性者共计67例,阳性率56.7%。(2)HUTT阳性者心律失常事件发生率较阴性者高,常见窦性心动过缓、交界性逸搏心律、窦性停搏。(3)阳性反应时,阳性组收缩压、舒张压明显下降,与阴性组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论HUTT是诊断及排除诊断血管迷走性晕厥的安全、可靠的方法。     

直立倾斜试验在不明原因晕厥中的应用（附46例报告）

目的评价直立倾斜试验（HUT）对不明原因晕厥（UPS）患者的诊断价值,了解不同类型阳性患者晕厥前、后的血流动力学改变。方法不明原因晕厥患者46例,比较其HUT阳性与阴性患者的特点,观察血压、心率变化,调查阳性患者反应类型及不同类型阳性反应患者HUT期间血流动力学的变化。结果（1）基础倾斜试验（BHUT）阳性6例（13.0%）,硝酸甘油激发倾斜试验（NHUT）阳性21例（45.7%）,总阳性率58.7%。（2）27例HUT阳性者血流动力学反应类型：血管抑制型14例（51.9%）,心脏抑制型3例（11.1%）,混合型10例（37.0%）。（3）HUT阳性者心律失常事件发生率较阴性者高,常见窦性心动过速、窦性心动过缓、交界性心律和逸搏。结论HUT对血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）有较高的诊断价值,NHUT能显著提高HUT的阳性率,自主神经功能改变可能是血管迷走性晕厥产生的主要机制。     

儿童不明原因晕厥诊断的多中心研究

目的 探讨直立倾斜试验(HUTT)对儿童不明原因晕厥的诊断价值.方法 晕厥组为2002年1月至2008年4月在北京、湖南、湖北、上海四地晕厥门诊就诊或住院的379例不明原因晕厥患儿,其中男171例,女208例;年龄3～18岁,平均(12±3)岁.所有患儿通过常规检查仍不能明确患儿晕厥的原因时,进行基础直立倾斜试验(BHUTT)或舌下含化硝酸甘油激发的倾斜试验(SNHUTT)检查.对照组为10名身体健康、无晕厥及晕厥先兆病史的正常儿童,其中男5名,女5名;年龄9～15岁,平均(11.4±2.1)岁,其心血管、神经系统、心电图、超声心动图及X线胸片检查均正常;所有正常儿童均进行BHUTT或SNHUTT.结果 在379例患儿中,286例患儿为自主神经介导性晕厥(75.5%).晕厥患儿中67例为体位性心动过速综合征(17.7%);157例为血管迷走性晕厥血管抑制型(41.4%);14例为血管迷走性晕厥心脏抑制型(3.7%);47例为血管迷走性晕厥混合型(12.4%);1例患儿为直立性低血压(0.3%);93例患儿仍为不明原因晕厥(24.5%).在晕厥组和对照组中,BHUTr的诊断阳性率分别为55.9%和0,SNHUTT的诊断阳性率分别为75.5%和20.0%.BHUTT阳性患者在BHUTT过程中出现阳性反应的时间平均为(16±12)min,阳性反应出现时的体位均为倾斜60°体位;SNHUTT阳性患儿在SNHUTT过程中出现阳性反应的时间平均为(6±4)min,阳性反应出现时的体位均为倾斜60°体位并舌下含化硝酸甘油.结论 应用HUTT可较好地、客观地对儿童自主神经介导性晕厥进行诊断,SNHUTT具有较高的诊断阳性率,明显提高了BHUTT的诊断阳性率,且阳性反应时间明显低于BHUTT.     

直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值

目的：探讨直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值。方法：选择58例有晕厥发作并排除器质性疾病的患者。试验前3d，停用一切影响植物神经功能的药物，试验前4h禁食；检查时，先仰卧5min，记录基础血压、心率、心电图；而后站立于倾斜板床上，直至出现阳性反应或完成45min全程试验；若基础试验阴性则行异丙。肾上腺素激发试验，静滴异丙肾上腺素1μg／min，使心率提高10％，再倾斜10min；期间每5min，记录血压、心率、心电图。结果：阳性23例，占40％。阳性病例中，女20例，占87％。结论：直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥具有特异性诊断价值。     

直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值

目的:研究直立倾斜试验(HUTT)对血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)的诊断价值。方法:选择2012年8月-2014年6月在本院神经内科、心内科门诊就诊或者住院的不明原因晕厥的患者119例。所有的患者均先进行基础直立倾斜试验(BHUT),如果为阴性,则再进行舌下含服硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验(SNHUT)。结果:(1)BHUT 119例,阳性6例,阳性率5.0%;SNHUT 113例,阳性57例,阳性率50.4%;两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BHUT和SNHUT阳性率52.9%。(2)发生阳性反应的时间:BHUT为(22.79±12.52)min,SNHUT为舌下含服硝酸甘油后(6.03±4.38)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)阳性反应类型:血管抑制型77.8%(49/63);心脏抑制型14.3%(9/63);混合型7.9%(5/63)。(4)阴性反应类型:正常反应87.5%(49/56);直立体位性心动过速综合征(POTS)1.8%(1/56);自主神经功能障碍7.1%(4/56);直立性低血压3.6%(2/56)。(5)不良反应:仅有2例患者出现头痛头胀不适,但均能完成SNHUT,未出现严重不良反应。结论:HUTT对VVS具有较好的诊断价值,SNHUT能提高VVS诊断的敏感性。     

血管迷走性晕厥儿童在直立倾斜试验中血流动力学变化及其对美托洛尔疗效的预测

目的探讨直立倾斜试验（HUT）中血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）患儿的心率变化对美托洛尔治疗疗效的预测作用。方法将HUT或硝酸甘油激发HUT（SNHUT）中阳性并接受美托洛尔治疗的26例VVS患儿作为研究对象,根据长期随访资料,将患儿分为美托洛尔治疗有效组（16例）及治疗无效组（10例）,分析2组患儿在HUT或SNHUT过程中心率变化规律及其对美托洛尔治疗疗效的预测价值。结果2组患儿的年龄、性别、晕厥次数、病程、基础心率、血压、应用SNHUT的情况、阳性反应类型及随访时间差异均无统计学意义。治疗有效组患儿在HUT或SNHUT过程中阳性反应前心率显著快,与治疗无效组相比差异有统计学意义[（123±15）次／min vs（96±17）次／min,P〈0．01]。HUT或SNHUT阳性反应前心率及较基础心率增加值在2组之间差异具有统计学意义[（42±16）次／min vs（18±13）次／min,P〈0．01]。两组患儿在平卧位的基础心率及阳性发生时的心率改变差异无统计学意义,各阶段平均血压改变在两组之间差异均无统计学意义。取阳性反应前心率较基础心率增加30次／min作为界点,预测患儿对美托洛尔治疗有效的灵敏度为81％（13／16）,特异度为80％（8／10）,诊断准确度为81％（21／26）。结论对在阳性反应前存在明显心率增快者（心率较基础值〉30次／min者）选择应用β受体阻滞剂可能更加有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.