根皮素诱导肝癌BEL-7402细胞凋亡

目的 研究根皮素诱导肝癌细胞系BEL-7402细胞凋亡.方法 MTT法测定BEL-7402细胞毒性,荧光显微镜观察细胞形态学的变化,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和线粒体膜电位的变化.发色底物法检测Caspase-3、Caspase-6和Caspase-9活性变化.结果 根皮素对BEL-7402细胞IC50在89.23 μg/mL.BEL-7402细胞生长曲线表明,根皮素浓度增高,生长率明显下降.细胞凋亡可在40～160 μg/mL根皮素处理后24 h出现.凋亡细胞主要表现为核染色质固缩,荧光染色增强.根皮素阻断细胞于G1期,线粒体膜电位降低.Caspase-3、Caspase-6和Caspase-9被激活,呈时间依赖性改变.根皮素处理BEL-7402细胞12 h Caspase-9活性最高,而Caspase-6活性在18 h达峰值,Caspase-3活性峰值时间在24h后.结论 根皮素可以诱导BEL-7402细胞发生凋亡,途径可能是通过线粒体旁路.     

紫花牡荆素通过线粒体凋亡途径诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡

目的:研究紫花牡荆素诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡作用,并探讨其诱导凋亡机制.方法:体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞.细胞凋亡ELISA试剂盒检测HeLa细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片;碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术定量分析Sub-G1细胞百分率;DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA梯形条带.caspase比色试剂盒检测caspase-3/-9活性;Rh123探针染色FCM检测线粒体膜电位;Western blot检测细胞色素c、Bax、Bcl-2、Bcl-xL和XIAP蛋白的表达.结果:不同浓度的CAS处理48h后,HeLa细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片增加、Sub-G1细胞百分率显著增高、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳法观察到典型的DNA梯形条带;CAS处理组caspase-3/-9活性明显升高、线粒体膜电位降低、细胞色素c、Bax显著升高,而Bcl-xL和XIAP蛋白表达水平降低.结论:CAS通过线粒体凋亡途径诱导HeLa细胞凋亡.     

冬凌草甲素通过线粒体途径诱导人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞凋亡

目的 研究冬凌草甲素诱导人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞的凋亡作用及其机制.方法 MTS法检测冬凌草甲素对GBC-SD细胞的生长抑制作用;瑞氏染色法观察细胞的形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位改变、caspase-3活性变化;Western blot检测caspase-9活化情况.结果 冬凌草甲素能显著抑制GBC-SD细胞增殖,呈时间剂量依赖性(P＜0.05).细胞形态学观察可见冬凌草甲素可诱导细胞发生凋亡.流式细胞仪检测结果显示28 μmol/L药物处理GBC-SD细胞24h后,细胞凋亡率为51.28％±2.65％.随着药物浓度增加,GBC-SD细胞线粒体膜电位逐渐下降而caspase-3活性逐渐增强,56μmol/L组caspase-3活性是对照组的11倍.Western blot分析结果显示caspase-9酶原被激活,且活化条带随药物浓度的增加而增强.结论 冬凌草甲素可能通过细胞线粒体膜电位下降激活caspase-3并最终诱导GBC-SD细胞凋亡.     

菱角提取物诱导 HL-60 细胞凋亡的机制探讨

目的 探讨菱角提取物对人早幼粒细胞性白血病细胞株 HL-60 细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及凋亡的分子机制。方法 采用 MTT 法检测菱角提取物对 HL-60 细胞的增殖抑制作用;吖啶橙染色和 DNA 琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率及线粒体膜电位的变化;比色法测定 Caspase-3、9 蛋白活性。结果 菱角提取物能抑制 HL-60 细胞的增殖,其作用呈明显的时间和剂量依赖性。菱角提取物可诱导 HL-60 细胞凋亡并显示一定的剂量依赖关系。与对照组比较,菱角提取物可明显降低 HL-60 细胞线粒体膜电位,上调 Caspase-3、9 蛋白活性。结论 菱角提取物可抑制 HL-60 细胞的增殖,其机制与降低线粒体膜电位、激活 Caspase-3、9 蛋白继而诱导 HL-60 细胞凋亡有关。     

缺血再灌注引起神经元凋亡及褪黑素抗凋亡的机制

目的 探讨模拟缺血再灌注引起神经元凋亡的途径和褪黑素(melatonin，MT)抗凋亡的作用机制。方法 用原代培养的SD乳鼠小脑颗粒细胞建立以缺氧缺糖模拟缺血再灌注模型，并加不同浓度的MT(10^-5、10^-7、10^-9mol／L)孵育。采用荧光比色法检测其线粒体跨膜电位及细胞内的活性氧；用Western blot及ELISA分别检测线粒体和胞质中的细胞色素C；比色法检测胞质中Caspase-3的活性。结果 在模拟缺血再灌注小脑颗粒细胞模型中，细胞内的活性氧在缺氧缺糖后明显增加；线粒体跨膜电位降低并随再灌注时间延长而加重；线粒体释放入胞质的细胞色素C增加，胞质的Caspase-3活性增加；MT可显著减少活性氧和抑制线粒体释放细胞色素C，抑制线粒体跨膜电位的降低，并呈一定剂量依赖性。结论 ①缺血再灌注引起的神经元凋亡部分是通过线粒体凋亡途径；②MT可通过抗氧化作用和阻止线粒体凋亡而抑制模拟缺血再灌注诱导的小脑颗粒细胞凋亡。     

紫菀肽类组分诱导肝脏L-02细胞凋亡的机制

探讨紫菀肽类组分Fr-2的肝细胞毒性及其作用机制。采用二甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)检测人正常肝脏L-02细胞的活力,试剂盒检测LDH、ROS、GSH、细胞色素C和Caspase-9、Caspase-3的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和线粒体膜电位变化,Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白p-JNK、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。实验结果显示,紫菀肽类组分Fr-2可剂量/时间依赖性地抑制L-02细胞的生长,诱导细胞内的氧化应激反应,降低线粒体膜电位,促进细胞色素C的释放,升高Bax/Bcl-2的比值并激活Caspase-9、Caspase-3。以上结果表明,紫菀肽类组分Fr-2导致肝细胞毒性的主要诱因是氧化应激,主要作用机制是诱导线粒体依赖途径的细胞凋亡。     

氧化苏木素诱导人乳癌MCF-7细胞凋亡及其作用机制

【目的】 探讨氧化苏木素对人乳癌MCF-7细胞的凋亡作用及其相关作用机制。 【方法】 MTT实验检测氧化苏木素对MCF-7细胞和正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF 10A的细胞毒作用;Annexin V/PI双染,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡的发生;荧光染料DiOC6染色,流式细胞仪检测细胞内线粒体膜电位的变化;Western blot实验检测细胞浆细胞色素C及细胞内caspase-9和survivin蛋白的变化。 【结果】 氧化苏木素对人乳癌MCF-7细胞具有高效的细胞毒作用,而对正常乳腺上皮MCF 10A细胞毒性较弱,IC50值分别为(7.15 ± 0.43)μmol/L 和(33.56 ± 2.87) μmol/L;0、7.5、15、30 μmol/L的氧化苏木素处理MCF-7细胞48 h后,细胞的凋亡率从(3.37 ± 0.66)%依次升高到(16.8 ± 1.27)%、(31.31 ± 4.22)%、(51.23 ± 5.55)%;DiOC6染色流式细胞仪检测结果显示氧化苏木素可以剂量依赖性地降低线粒体膜电位;Western blot结果显示氧化苏木素诱发了线粒体内细胞色素C的释放和细胞内caspase-9蛋白的剪切激活,同时氧化苏木素也可剂量依赖性地降低survivin蛋白的表达。 【结论】 氧化苏木素可通过线粒体通路诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡,下调survivin蛋白可能是其诱导细胞凋亡的主要机制。     

甘草酸苷对肝癌细胞SMCC-7721凋亡的诱导作用

目的 探讨甘草酸苷对肝癌细胞SMCC-7721凋亡诱导作用及相关机制.方法 以甘草酸苷(0、10、30、100μg/mL)处理肝癌细胞SMCC-7721 48 h后,咪唑蓝(MTT)法检测肝癌细胞活力的影响;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位;紫外分光光度法检测细胞中含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)、Caspase-9活性的影响;Western blot分析线粒体途径中相关蛋白p53、细胞色素C(CytC)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关蛋白(Bax)的表达.结果 与阴性对照比较,10、30、100 μg/mL甘草酸苷可显著降低细胞的活力(P＜0.01),诱导细胞凋亡(P＜0.01),促进线粒体膜电位去极化(P＜0.01),抑制肝癌细胞SMCC-7721Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性(P＜0.01),并上调p53、CytC、Bax的表达(P＜0.01),下调Bcl-2的表达(P＜0.01),且作用呈现浓度依赖关系.结论 甘草酸苷可通过线粒体途径诱导肝癌细胞SMCC-7721凋亡.     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体在B淋巴瘤细胞株中的敏感性及诱导细胞凋亡机制

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)在B淋巴瘤细胞株中的敏感性及TRAIL通过线粒体信号通路诱导人B淋巴瘤细胞株Ramos凋亡的机制.方法 采用CCK-8法检测肿瘤细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞线粒体膜电位、细胞表面受体DR4/DR5表达及细胞凋亡率变化,并用Western Blot测定Ramos细胞经TRAIL作用24 h后相关凋亡蛋白的表达水平.结果 供试的4株B淋巴瘤细胞中,Ramos细胞为TRAIL敏感株,Ramos细胞表面受体DR4/DR5表达水平明显高于TRAIL耐药株;TRAIL抑制Ramos细胞增殖通过诱导细胞凋亡介导;细胞调亡伴随线粒体膜电位明显变化;Western Blot免疫印迹结果显示,药物作用后,细胞内相关凋亡信号分子包括Caspase-9,Caspase-3,PARP蛋白等均明显活化.结论 4株B淋巴瘤细胞株对TRAIL敏感性不同,并与DR4/DR5表达相关;TRAIL抑制Ramos细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,引起线粒体膜电位明显下降,活化Caspase-9及下游凋亡蛋白;线粒体调亡途径是介导TRAIL诱导Ramos细胞凋亡的途径之一.     

牛磺酸通过线粒体凋亡途径诱导胃癌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨牛磺酸对人胃癌细胞系HGC27细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其机制。方法:体外培养的HGC27细胞,用不同浓度牛磺酸处理24、48、72 h,MTT法测定其对HGC27细胞增殖的影响;倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态学变化;牛磺酸(浓度分别为20、40、80 mmol/L)处理HGC27细胞48 h后,分别采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Rh123探针染色流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位变化,western blot法检Bcl-2、Bax、细胞色素C(cyt-c)、Caspase-3、Caspase-9蛋白表达情况。结果:牛磺酸(浓度10~160 mmol/L)能抑制HGC27细胞的增殖,呈剂量和时间依赖性;倒置显微镜下可观察到典型的细胞凋亡形态;牛磺酸(浓度分别为20、40、80 mmol/L)作用HGC27细胞48 h后,细胞凋亡率分别为15.2%、23.3%、35.4%,而对照组凋亡率仅为3.4%;线粒体膜电位降低,Bax、细胞色素C表达上调,而Bcl-2表达下调,Casepase-3、Caspase-9酶原均有活化,可见裂解后片段,呈剂量依赖性。结论:牛磺酸能抑制HGC27细胞的增殖并可能是通过线粒体凋亡途径诱导细胞凋亡。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.