有效治疗时间对急性重型颅脑外伤预后的影响

急性重型颅脑损伤的预后存在众多影响因素，其多数因素人为难以控制，但颅脑损伤后的院内救治时问是可以控制的。且伤后能否及时得到有效治疗将直接影响患者预后，特别对死亡率影响较大。为此提出急性重型颅脑外伤有效治疗时间的概念，目的是在有效治疗的前提下，分析时间与预后的关系及探讨如何避免医源性影响预后的因素。     

高压氧综合治疗重型颅脑损伤并发症与后遗症150例疗效观察

颅脑创伤是外力直接或者间接作用于头部所造成的损伤,重型颅脑损伤并发症发生率很高,是影响预后及生存的重要因素。另外,大多数重型颅脑损伤患者均遗留有一定程度的颅脑功能障碍后遗症。我院2006年3月至2011年3月共收治150例重型颅脑损伤患者,经过高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)综合治疗,并发症发生率和颅脑功能障碍后遣症明显改善。现报告如下。     

FMEA护理模式联合早期高压氧治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效观察

重型颅脑损伤是临床上较为常见的急重症之一,主要因突发暴力作用于头部而引起的颅脑组织损伤,包括脑干损伤、颅内出血及广泛颅骨骨折等,具有起病急、病情发展快及致残致死率高等特点。目前临床上治疗包括降颅压、抗休克及抗感染等,但该类患者因脑部神经遭受多种因素影响,所以预后不理想。相关研究表明,脑组织神经受损的间接因素或直接因素均与缺血缺氧密切相关,而高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)治疗能够增加机体血氧含量,从而降低颅脑损伤患者病死率。研究表明,有效的护理方式对于此类患者治疗期间脑疝及颅内血肿等情况的发生及预防至关重要,并可提高其生活质量。因此本研究分析以失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)为基础的护理模式联合早期HBO治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效和预后的影响,旨在为改善重型颅脑损伤患者的预后提供参考。     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

机械辅助呼吸在重型颅脑损伤患者救治中的应用

重型颅脑损伤的病死率为30%～50%[1].在影响其预后的诸因素中,以脑缺氧最为突出.因此,呼吸机的应用在重型颅脑伤的救治中日益重要.我科自2002年1月至2007年12月治疗39例重型颅脑损伤患者早期应用机械辅助呼吸,取得良好效果.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.