PANTOTHENIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHROSIS

A double-blind trial has been undertaken of tablets containingcalcium D-pantothenate and L-cysteine hydrochloride againstcalcium lactate as a placebo in the treatment of osteoarthrosisof the knees. No difference has been observed either subjectivelyor objectively between the two groups. The importance of placeboresponse in osteoarthrosis is stressed and the conclusion drawnthat improvement in these patients taking pantothenic acid isa placebo response.     

HEMOPOIESIS IN RIBOFLAVIN-DEFICIENT RATS

Leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and, occasionally, anemia develop in rats fed apurified diet deficient in riboflavin. Folic acid (L. casei factor) corrects the leukopenia and granulocytopenia. Riboflavin will prevent all the dyscrasias but willcorrect only the anemia.

The bone marrow in granulocytopenic rats is hypoplastic and is almost completely depleted of cells of the granulocytic series. Cells of the erythroid series aredecreased in number. The myelogram of rats made folic acid deficient by the inclusion of sulfasuxidine in a purified diet resembles this picture and in both cases theresponse of the marrow and the blood to folic acid therapy is similar.

The bone marrow in riboflavin-deficient rats having both granulocytopenia andanemia is depleted of granulocytic cells but shows an erythroid hyperplasia. Thismyelogram differs from that seen in sulfasuxidine-induced folic acid deficiencyanemia and granulocytopenia in which there is erythroid hypoplasia. The twoanemias differ further in that the folic acid deficiency anemia responds to folic acidtherapy whereas the riboflavin deficiency anemia responds to riboflavin therapybut not to folic acid therapy.

     

大白鼠的全结肠镜检查

为研究大肠癌的发生机制，作者对１５只正常雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠用二甲基肼（ＤＭＨ）每周皮下注射，连续１５周，进行诱癌实验，并用５只同样的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠接受生理盐水注射作为对照。以ＰｅｎｔａｘＣＨＦ－４Ｂ型人类胆道镜作大鼠的肠镜检查。１５周内共完成１１６内次肠镜检查，其中全结肠镜检查为１１１只次，达盲肠的成功率为９３％。结果说明，通过全结肠镜检查研究大鼠结肠癌的发生和发展是易行和可信的。     

湖北省鼠类蠕虫的调查研究

本文报道1987～1991年,于湖北省进行了鼠类蠕虫的调查研究,检查了3868只鼠的器官、组织,查明本地野鼠有24种蠕虫,包括11种吸虫,9种线虫,4种绦虫。蠕虫的感染率高达91.11％。其中感染1种蠕虫者占总鼠数的41.4％,感染2、3、4和5种虫者分别为23.6％、18.2％、7.1％和0.81％。结果显示,鼠类蠕虫的感染率是相当高的。     

EXPERIMENTAL PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN PREGNANT RATS

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensis (Pb), is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. There arefew reports in the literature about the disease damages during pregnancy and theconsequences to the fetuses and breeding. This study evaluated the implications ofPCM during pregnancy on offspring and mothers in Wistar rats. Groups of rats weresubmitted to systemic Pb infection, by intraperitoneal infusion, and mated 30 daysafter the infection date. Immediately after birth, rats and neonates were sacrificedto obtain organs for standard histological examination, morphometric analysis, fungirecovery by plating (CFU) and dosing of anti-Pb antibodies by ELISA. There were nostillbirths or miscarriages, however, the fetuses from infected pregnant rats hadlower body and organ weight but the fertility rate was 100%. The largest number ofCFU was recovered from the organ of pregnant rats, the pathological examinationrevealed more severe infection in the same group, further on the largest number ofgranulomas and fungal field. It can be concluded that the PCM was more severe in thegroup of pregnant rats, with implications to the weight of offspring.     

大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的免疫应答

[目的 ]探讨应用糖皮质激素 (GC)诱发大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎 (Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia ,PCP)的免疫应答。 [方法 ]SD大鼠皮下注射GC建立免疫抑制PCP模型 ,测定外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例 ,肺泡灌洗液 (bronchoalveolarlavagefluid ,BALF)中淋巴细胞比例、sIL 2R和TNF α值。 [结果 ]①免疫抑制后外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例降低 ,BALF中淋巴细胞比例、TNF α、sIL 2R均降低 ;②BALF中TNF α、外周血CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比值在PCP组中最低 ;③PCP组的BALF中淋巴细胞比例比PC阴性对照组明显升高。 [结论 ]使用GC造成大鼠免疫抑制 ,诱发PC感染后 ,CD4+ 减少及TNF α分泌降低。     

肝内型门静脉高压症大鼠内脏高动力循环状态

应用同位素标记的微球测定血流量和门－体分流的技术，检测ＣＣ１４肝硬化大鼠所致内脏和全身血液动力学变化。全部肝硬变大鼠都出现门静脉高压症（门静脉压力１．６５７±０．０６６，对照组１．２２３±０．０３６ｋＰａ；Ｐ＜０．００１）；门－体分流明显增高，但变异大（３５％±２５％，对照组０．３４±０．１６％；Ｐ＜０．０５），范围在３％～８２％间；门静脉血流量增加（７．３３±１．３，对照组６．２８±０．１８ｍＩ。ｍｉｎ－１·１００ｇＢＷ－１；Ｐ＜０．０５）；内脏血管阻力下降（０．６１±０．１４，对照组０．９±０．１９ｋＰａ·ｍ１－１·ｍｉｎ－１；Ｐ＜０．０１）；门静脉阻力未见明显增高（０．０７８±０．０１，对照１ｌｌ０．０７３±０．Ｏ０７ｋＰａ·ｍ１－１·ｍｉｎ－１；Ｐ＞０．０５）．肝硬变大鼠内脏血液动力学变化表明，门静脉高压症的维持，至少部分取决于高动力的门静脉循环，提供了肝内型门静脉高压症内脏循环高动力状态、门静脉血流量增加的定量资料。     

肝硬化大鼠胰岛α、β细胞的功能变化

目的探讨肝硬化大鼠胰岛α、β细胞功能及其与循环血液中胰岛素及胰高血糖素水平变化的关系。方法对采用ＣＣＬ４制作的肝硬化鼠和正常鼠的胰岛进行分离和纯化，并对其体外生物学活性进行检测。结果肝硬化鼠循环血液中胰岛素及胰高血糖素水平明显高于正常对照组鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１）；其分离纯化的胰岛经体外培养４８小时及在含糖基质中孵育２小时后释放胰岛素的量明显低于正常鼠（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ）；而胰高血糖素释放量明显高于正常鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论①肝硬化时循环血液中胰岛素及胰高血糖素水平增加；②胰岛α细胞分泌功能增加可能有助于肝硬化高胰高血糖素血症的发生；③肝硬化时，虽循环血液中胰岛素水平增加，但β细胞分泌功能低于正常。     

卡氏肺孢子虫感染的实验研究

为探索卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的发病机制，将大鼠分为实验组和对照组。给予实验组大鼠肌注地塞米松以诱发肺孢子虫肺炎。每周剖杀，光镜及电镜下对其两组大鼠肺组织进行病原学和病理学观察。对照组大鼠健康，第８ｗｋ后体重增加４５％，肺组织未见病理改变，亦未观察到卡氏肺孢子虫。实验组大鼠慢性发病，第８ｗｋ后体重比原来减少约２６％。电镜下第４ｗｋ、光镜下第５ｗｋ开始查见卡氏肺孢子虫，第７～８ｗｋ达重度感染，阳性率为６６．７％。该虫在肺泡腔内多见，肺间质中少见，在中性粒细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞和Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞内也见到。肺组织在实验前４ｗｋ几乎没有什么改变，第５～６ｗｋ有少量虫体附着于肺泡壁，第７～８ｗｋ表现为卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的典型组织病理学改变。大滋养体伸出丝状伪足与Ⅰ型上皮细胞粘连，该处上皮细胞发生变性改变，Ⅱ型上皮细胞发生凋亡。     

大鼠自体静脉移植后再狭窄形成机制的实验研究

目的通过建立大鼠自体静脉移植模型探讨静脉移植后再狭窄机制及药物对其影响以期减少再狭窄率,为临床用药提供理论依据.方法将大鼠自体颈静脉外侧分支间置移植于颈总动脉,术前1周开始分组给口服药卡托普利[100mg/(kg@d)]、阿司匹林[40mg/(kg@d)]及联合用药至术后2周.应用病理形态学方法通过计算机图像定量分析,观察自体移植后静脉内膜平滑肌细胞增殖的情况及药物对其影响.应用增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学方法,观察其对自体移植静脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)中PCNA表达的变化.结果卡托普利组及卡托普利加阿司匹林组与对照组相比移植静脉内膜增生程度及静脉内膜PCNA阳性细胞指数差异有显著性(P＜0.05);阿司匹林组与对照组相比移植静脉内膜增生受到一定的抑制,但无显著差异.而阿司匹林组PCNA阳性细胞指数无显著差异.结论卡托普利可明显抑制静脉移植后平滑肌细胞反应性增生.而阿司匹林无抑制作用.     

一种新的大鼠冠状动脉微栓塞模型

目的 建立一种新的大鼠冠状动脉微栓塞模型。方法 48只大鼠随机分为模型组、假手术组和正常对照组,每组16只。钳夹升主动脉后自主动脉根部注入自身血栓微粒0.2ml/只,24h后取心脏标本,染色计数被栓塞的小冠脉数量;28d后染色计算胶原纤维占心肌组织面积的百分比。结果①HE染色显示,模型组被栓塞的小冠脉数量明显多于假手术组,分别为(31.88±3.80)％、(1.50±0.93)％(P<0.01);而假手术组和正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②Martius—Sarlet—Blue染色显示,模型组被栓塞的小冠状动脉数量明显多于假手术组,分别为(32.38±3.81)％、(1.38±0.92)％(P<0.01);而假手术组和正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③Sirius-Red染色显示模型组胶原纤维面积百分比明显大于假手术组,分别为(6.51±1.22)％、(1.08±0.19)％(P<0.01);而假手术组和正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 自身血栓微粒能稳定的造成大鼠冠状动脉微栓塞,该模型可作为冠状动脉微栓塞病理生理学研究较理想的实验平台。     

新发现的糖尿病亚型——线粒体 tRNA~(Leu(UUR))基因突变糖尿病的临床基因诊断技术

作者介绍检测一种糖尿病亚型的ＰＣＲ／ＡｐａＩ及ＰＣＲ／ＨａｅＩＩＩ基因诊断技术，具有省时、简便、结果易于判断的特点，适用于临床医院实验室进行。     

CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Microgravity is known to induce orthostatic intolerance and baroreflex impairment in astronauts. Cardiovascular responses observed in 30° head-down tilt rat models, whether 24 hr whole body suspension (WBS) or 7 day tail-suspension (TS), mimic observations made during exposure to microgravity. We evaluated the cardiovascular effects of simulated microgravity and the subsequent post-suspension in rats using the above models. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of both WBS and TS rats did not change during suspension. In both models, MAP decreased post-suspension and this response lasted for 6 hrs. Salt-loaded animals did not show a post-suspension reduction in MAP. Plasma ionized calcium was decreased at 2 hr of WBS, with no change in sodium, potassium, magnesium, glucose, or hematocrit. Body weight changes were similar for all animals whether under suspension or control conditions. Both rat models demonstrate post-suspension hypotension and these results support the notion that salt-loading may have some beneficial effects in ameliorating this hypotension.     

CHRONIC BLOCKADE OF HIPPOCAMPAL KAPPA RECEPTORS INCREASES ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN CONSCIOUS SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS BUT NOT IN NORMOTENSIVE WISTAR KYOTO RATS

Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that dynorphins acting on hippocampal kappa opioid receptors in rat brain exert a restraining influence on arterial blood pressure and that a relative deficiency of their production in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) may be involved in SHR hypertension. Kappa receptor blockade should therefore exacerbate hypertension in SHR. We explored the latter possibility by chronic unilateral infusion of nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI), a selective kappa receptor antagonist, into the right dorsal hippocampus of conscious SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls over a 14 day period. Additional controls consisted of similar hippocampal infusions of equivalent volumes of drug vehicle in both rat strains. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rates (HR) were determined in each animal once daily by the tail cuff method during this period. Nor-BNI induced a sustained increase in the basal high level of MAP in SHR from 132 ± 8 to 150 ± 10 mmHg throughout the 14 days and an increased HR from 427 ± 17 to 477 ± 30 on day 3 to 5 following the drug. By contrast, nor-BNI had no significant effects on either MAP or HR in WKY rats and control infusions of drug vehicle were similarly without effect in both strains. The results support our previous suggestion that the kappa opioid system of the hippocampus ordinarily restrains arterial blood pressure in SHR since prolonged hippocampal kappa receptor blockade results in augmented hypertension in this strain.     

枯否细胞对同种异系抗原的捕获与门静脉免疫耐受的关系

目的探讨肝脏及肝脏内Kupffer细胞在同种异系抗原门静脉接种诱导的免疫耐受机制中的作用。方法以NIH／q小鼠淋巴细胞对BALB／C小鼠门静脉或腔静脉接种,一周后再行皮下接种二次,间隔时间为一周,第二次皮下接种后一周,测定供受体混合淋巴细胞增生反应(MLR)和受体对供体抗原的迟发性超敏反应(DTH)。经神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase)处理的供体淋巴细胞经受体小鼠下腔静脉接种,以及在门静脉接种前一天,预先用Kupffer细胞抑制剂三氯化钆(GdCl