The role of turbinectomy in rhinoplasty

Turbinectomy, in cases of inferior or middle tubinate hypertrophy, is one of the solutions for nasal breathing difficulties. For may decades, this procedure was controversial owing to the severe complications believed to occur after such an operation. Its performance was held to be within the responsibility of otolaryngologists. However, eventually most of these complications were found to be nonexistent, and the performance of turbinectomy became a simple surgical procedure.The turbinate hypertrophy, which often exists on the contralateral side of the deviated septum, blocks the correct reposition of the septum with the consequent nasal bone, and thus prevents the plastic surgeon from achieving a straight nose. Therefore, proper handling of both septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy is an important aid for the plastic surgeon. This article is dealing with the various aspects of turbinate hypertrophy and its surgical handling.     

Subspine Hypertrophy: Higher Incidence of Symptomatic versus Asymptomatic Hips in Patients with Unilateral Femoroacetabular Impingement

ObjectiveTo compare the difference of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and subspine hypertrophic deformity between symptomatic and asymptomatic hips in patients traditionally diagnosed with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and investigate the correlation of subspine decompression with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 70 patients with unilateral symptomatic FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy. The operative hips and contralateral hips naturally formed the symptomatic groups and asymptomatic control groups, respectively. The morphometric comparison of the hip joint was performed between the operative and contralateral sides of each patient. Radiological assessment was performed by two observers (an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist and an experienced surgeon). Three‐dimensional (3D)‐CT images of each patient were blindly reviewed to determine the AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity. Reformatted two‐dimensional (2D)‐CT images and anterior–posterior (AP) pelvic plain radiographs were blindly reviewed to determine FAI‐related morphological measurements. Moreover, the surgical assessment was reviewed by one experienced surgeon to interpret whether subspine decompression was performed. The correlation of subspine decompression with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophy was analyzed.ResultsOut of 70 patients with unilateral symptomatic FAI, 37 were males (52.9%) and 23 (32.9%) had symptoms involving the left hip. The mean age was 39.3 ± 10.4 years and the mean BMI was 24.3 ± 3.6. The distribution of AIIS variants in symptomatic hips did not differ significantly from that in asymptomatic hips (χ² = 3.092, P = 0.213). Twenty‐nine hips in the symptomatic group (41.4%) and 12 hips in the asymptomatic group (17.1%) were identified as positive for subspine hypertrophy. The incidence of positive subspine hypertrophy was significantly higher in the symptomatic hips compared to the asymptomatic hips (χ² = 9.968, P = 0.002). FAI‐related morphological parameters including α angle, lateral center‐edge angle, acetabular anteversion, crossover sign, and Tonnis grade were highly symmetrical and did not show significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic hips. Fifty‐four of 70 hips (77.1%) had labral tears extended to the acetabular rim corresponding to the AIIS. Forty‐seven hips of 70 hips (67.1%) underwent subspine decompression, which was significantly correlated with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity (P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionSubspine hypertrophic deformity was found to be more common in symptomatic side vs asymptomatic side in patients with unilateral symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Subspine hypertrophy may be considered as an underlying indication for subspine decompression besides low‐lying AIIS.     

Cardiac Valve Calcifications and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients

Cardiac valve calcification (VC) is a common finding in end-stage renal disease patients. It was shown recently that VC is an independent predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, VC was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors and complications, as well as left ventricular mass index (LVMI), it lost significance. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between VC and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. Echocardiographic examination with mitral and aortic valves assessment and LVMI calculation was performed in 65 HD patients ages 49 ± 12, with duration of HD therapy 38 ± 32 months. VC were found in 32 of 65 patients (49%)—Group VC(+), mitral valve calcifications (MVC) in 10, aortic valve calcifications (AVC) in 9, and both valves calcifications (MVC + AVC) in 13 patients. Patients with VC were older, on HD therapy were longer, had higher systolic and pulse pressure, and had higher LVMI. Patients with both VCs had the highest LVMI. No significant differences were found with respect to Ca, P, PTH, and mean Ca × P product, but the incidence of Ca × P product above 4.43 mmol²/L² was higher in VC(+) compared with those without VCs. VC coexists with left ventricular hypertrophy, particularly when both valves are calcified. Even short-lasting incidents of increased Ca × P product may lead to cardiac VC.     

Clinical Significance of Interruption of Therapy with Allylestrenol in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Background: A multicenter, clinical trial investigated the effects of an interruption of antiandrogen therapy on subjective and objective clinical parameters in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Methods: Patients were given antiandrogen therapy with allylestrenol (50 mg/day) for 16 weeks. The medication was then withheld and the patients were carefully monitored for an additional 1 6 weeks. There were 34 BPH patients ranging in age from 55 to 82 years (mean, 66.1 years). The efficacy of allylestrenol was evaluated by its effects on prostate volume, maximum urinary flow rate (MFR), and symptom scores at the end of 16 weeks of treatment and then again at 32 weeks (16 weeks after cessation of therapy).
Results: Allylestrenol was effective in the treatment of BPH, and was still effective 16 weeks after the cessation of medication. The prostate volume did not change after treatment cessation nor did the total symptom score, but the MFR reversed to the pretreatment level. Serum testosterone (1.95 ng/mL), dihydrotestosterone, and gonadotropin levels decreased on therapy, but were completely reversed by the end of this study. A prostate needle biopsy revealed that after 16 weeks without therapy, some glands showed regressive glandular changes, while some glands showed slight hyperplastic changes of the secretory epithelium. Eight per cent of patients complained of loss of libido during this study.
Conclusions: Allylestrenol is an effective and safe medical treatment for patients with symptomatic BPH. Hormonal and histopathologic findings suggest that the prostate gland may regrow after discontinuation of medication.     

An Association Between Inflammatory State and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients

This study was performed to investigate the potential relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and proinflammatory cytokines in hemodialysis (HD) patients and the effect of HD on cytokine production. Serum interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) measurements and echocardiographic studies were performed in 35 stable HD patients. A variety of probable risk factors for LVH including age, HD duration, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, lipid profile, hemoglobin, albumin, parathormone and homocysteine levels were also investigated. Additionally, the effect of HD procedure on cytokine levels was evaluated. Predialysis serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and homocysteine in HD patients were compared with 12 healthy subjects. Left ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated in 20 (57%) of HD patients by echocardiography. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was correlated positively with systolic BP (r = 0.556, p = 0.001), diastolic BP (r = 0.474, p = 0.004), and serum levels of TNF-α (r = 0.446, p = 0.009).Multiple regression analysis showed that systolic BP and TNF-α levels were significant independent predictors of LVH. No relationship was observed between LVH and other parameters. The mean predialysis serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher in HD patients compared to healthy controls (15.7 ± 8.7 vs. 7.3 ± 0.7 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Predialysis serum levels of TNF-α in HD patients were higher when compared to healthy subjects, but the difference was not statistically significant (8.3 ± 3 vs. 7 ± 1.45 pg/mL, respectively, p > 0.05). However, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly elevated after HD, when compared to predialysis levels (from 15.7 ± 8.7 to 17.8 ± 9.5 pg/mL, p = 0.001 and from 8.3 ± 3.0 to 9.9 ± 3.5 pg/mL p = 0.004, respectively). As a conclusion, in addition to BP, proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α in particular, seem to be associated with LVH in ESRD patients.     

Influence of Osteoarthritis on Serum Marker Levels of Bone Formation and Resorption in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Background :
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of osteoarthritis of lumbar vertebrae on serum bone formation and resorption marker levels of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Methods :
Serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carboxyterminaltelopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were examined in 40 patients with BPH, and the presence of osteoarthritis at the lumbar vertebrae of the patients was evaluated by plain x-ray-p.
Results :
Findings of osteoarthritis were observed in 23 of the 40 patients (58%), and 10 of the patients had severe osteoarthritis (involving at least 2 lumbar vertebral bodies). The serum levels of PICP, ALP, ICTP, and PSA of the patients without osteoarthritis findings were not different from those of the patients with osteoarthritis or severe osteoarthritis.
Conclusion :
The influence of osteoarthritis on serum bone formation and resorption marker levels of patients with BPH appears to be rather slight, if there is any influence at all.     

Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve and Early Diastolic Filling Abnormalities in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

Background. Increased cardiovascular disease risk is very well known in nephrotic syndrome. Coronary flow reserve measurement by trans-thoracic echocardiography reflects coronary microvascular and endothelial function. However, diastolic filling abnormalities by echocardiography may indicate diastolic dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate endothelial and diastolic functions by trans-thoracic echocardiography in nephrotic syndrome. Methods. Eighteen patients with nephrotic syndrome (five females, 34 ± 17 years) and 30 controls (10 females, 35 ± 10 years) were evaluated in this cross-sectional observational study. Age, weight, lipid profile, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum albumin, total protein, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood pressures, 24-hour urine volume, and protein were recorded. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by Cockcroft-Gault Formula. Doppler flow and other echocardiographic parameters were measured by Vivid 7 echocardiography. Results. Coronary flow reserve was significantly lower in patients than controls (p < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with proteinuria (p < 0. 001), creatinine levels (p?=?0.03), total cholesterol (p?=?0.02), C-reactive protein (p?=?0.02), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p?=?0.005). E/A ratio was significantly lower in patients than in controls (p?=?0.005). DT was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p?=?0.01) and isovolumic relaxation time was similar in both groups. Conclusion. Coronary flow reserve and left ventricular diastolic filling are significantly impaired in nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and inflammation may have all contributory effects on endothelial dysfunction. Early evaluation of patients with nephrotic syndrome should include coronary flow and diastolic function by echocardiography.     

Impact of Dry Weight Determined by Calf Bioimpedance Ratio on Carotid Stiffness and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients

Our previous study has shown that modification of bioimpedance technique by the measurement of bioimpedance ratio in the calf (calf‐BR) was a simple and practical method in assessing fluid status in hemodialysis patients. However, the consequences of periodical dry weight (DW) adjustment under the guidance of calf‐BR on target organ damage have not been investigated. One hundred fifteen hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this pilot trial. Patients were divided into bioimpedance group and control group according to their dialysis schedule. In the bioimpedance group, DW was routinely adjusted under the guidance of calf‐BR every 3 months. In the control group, the assessment of DW remained a clinical judgment. Carotid stiffness, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and calf‐BR were measured at baseline and at the 12th month in both groups. Home blood pressure (BP) was monitored monthly. Episodes of dialysis‐related adverse events were recorded. No significant differences were observed in parameters between the two groups at baseline. Compared with the control group, the bioimpedance group had significantly lower values in terms of the annual averages of systolic home BP (147.4 ± 15.3 mm Hg vs. 152.6 ± 16.9 mm Hg, P = 0.019), carotid stiffness index β (10.7 ± 3.3 vs. 12.2 ± 3.1, P = 0.003), LVMI (155.21 ± 15.64 g/m² vs. 165.17 ± 16.76 g/m², P < 0.001), and the percentage of individuals with calf‐BR over target range (P = 0.040) at month 12, with less annual averages of antihypertensive medications used and lower frequency of intradialytic hypotension, muscle cramps, or clotted angioaccess. Continued DW control achieved by periodical calf‐BR measurement improved arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy with good tolerability in hemodialysis patients.     

美辛唑酮栓联合中药对肛乳头肥大患者中医证候积分及炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨美辛唑酮栓联合中药内服外洗在肛乳头肥大患者中的疗效观察及对中医证候积分及炎性因子的影响.方法:选择2018年4月—2020年1月我院收治的肛乳头肥大患者124例为对象,随机数字表法分为两组,各62例.所有患者均拟行手术治疗,术后对照组采用美辛唑酮栓治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合中药内服外洗治疗,1个月治疗后对...     

“双环法”乳房整形治疗乳房肥大及乳房下垂对乳房形态以及松弛度的影响

目的 探讨“双环法”乳房整形治疗对乳房肥大及乳房下垂患者乳房形态和松弛度的影响。 方法 选取我院2014年1月-2022年6月收治的100例乳房肥大及乳房下垂患者为研究对象，使用随机数字表 法将其分为对照组和观察组，每组50例。对照组采用常规治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用“双环法” 乳房整形治疗，比较两组乳房形态及乳房大小、乳房对称性、乳房松弛度。结果 观察组乳房形态优良率 为98.00%，高于对照组的86.00%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组治疗后乳房大小、乳房对称性、 乳房松弛度评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 采用“双环法”乳房整形治疗乳房 肥大及乳房下垂患者的效果确切，不仅可以有效提高乳房形态优良率，还可以改善其乳房大小、乳房对称 性和乳房松弛度。     

原发性肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的外科诊治分析

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断及外科治疗效果。方法回顾性总结和分析20例原发性肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的外科诊治情况。采用肝叶切除及癌栓取出术7例、单纯胆管癌栓取出3例;肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)后肝切除加癌栓取出术10例。术后均行胆管引流及TACE。结果术前行TACE的10例患者,术中胆道出血(45.2±12.5)ml,明显少于未行TACE者(90.5±10.5)ml,差异显著(P0.05)。全部病例均获随访,平均时间22(2～54)个月。肝叶切除及癌栓取出7例,平均生存(21.5±2.8)个月;术前TACE、2周后行肝叶切除加癌栓取出10例,平均生存(28.5±3.1)个月;单纯癌栓取出3例,平均生存(4.1±0.5)个月,术前行TACE组生存时间明显长于其余两组(P0.05)。结论对原发性肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓早期诊断、积极切除肿瘤并清除胆管癌栓,配合术前术后TACE术,是改善预后的有效治疗方法。     

房间隔缺损修补术前后肺功能改变及其意义

研究３０例房间隔缺损病人心肺血流动力学改变和外科修补术对肺功能的影响。肺动脉压正常和轻度升高者，术前弥散功能异常增高，术后降至正常。肺动脉压严重增高者虽有肺血增多，但未见弥散功能异常增高者，术后亦无明显变化。术前随着肺动脉压升高，用力呼气１秒量和肺活量逐渐降低，术后未见好转，但术后肺容量明显改善。     

The Relationship between Cardiac Troponins and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

The abstract of this study was accepted as an oral presentation in the 10^th Annual Meeting of the ESC Working Group on Echocardiography, December 6–9, 2006, Prague, Czech Republic     

Correlation between Blood Flow Signal of Color Flow Imaging and Nottingham Prognostic Index in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood supply detected by Doppler ultrasound and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 137 patients with breast carcinoma, who had undergone color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and surgery, were involved in this retrospective study. CDFI was divided into 4 levels: absent (grade 0), minimal (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), and marked (grade 3). NPI was calculated as: NPI = 0.2 × tumor size (cm) + grade (I-III) + lymph node score (1-3). All patients were followed until the final observation (July 2010), or until the time of death. The survival state of the patients was divided into 3 categories: healthy survival, metastasis, and death. RESULTS: Blood signal grades were positively correlated with NPI (Spearman r = 0.55926, p < 0.0001) and survival state (χ(2) = 9.0248, p < 0.01). Patients with abundant blood flow signal (grade 2-3) had a significantly shorter overall survival than did those with limited blood flow signal (grade 0-1) (χ(2) = 5.0384, p = 0.0248). CONCLUSION: Flow signal measured by Doppler ultrasound may be useful as a prognostic indicator for patients with breast carcinoma.     

Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism During Mild Hypothermia in Patients with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Cerebral blood flow and O2 metabolism during hypothermia (33-34 degrees C) was evaluated in 5 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage by positron emission tomography (PET). Their preoperative clinical condition was WFNS scale IV or V. The patients received surface cooling postoperatively, and were maintained in a hypothermic state during transfer for radiological examination. Positron emission tomography revealed a decrease in cerebral blood flow and O2 metabolic rate. Cerebral blood flow was 34.8+/-15.1 ml/100 ml/min and the O2 metabolic rate was 1.85+/-0.61 ml/100 ml/min in areas of the middle cerebral artery ipsilateral to the ruptured aneurysms, whereas these values were 30.8+/-7.1 and 2.21+/-0.45 ml/100 ml/min, respectively, on the contralateral side. This represents a decrease of 37+/-27% compared to normal cerebral blood flow and 52+/-16% compared to normal O2 metabolic rate (p < 0.02) in the ipsilateral areas, and decreases of 44+/-13% and 43+/-12%, respectively, on the contralateral side. The present results reflected the luxury perfusion state in almost all cases and provide the first PET evidence of decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of O2 during hypothermia in humans.     

Yield and Predictors of Radiologic Studies for Identifying Distant Metastases in Melanoma Patients with a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Background It is common to obtain radiological studies around the time of a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) to exclude patients with distant metastases from completion lymph node dissection. The yield of such a work-up is unknown. Methods Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Medical records were reviewed. Results Over an 8-year period, 181 patients had a positive SLNB. At least one study (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain; chest x-ray; computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, or pelvis; positron-emission tomography scan; or bone scan) was obtained around the time of SLNB in 178 patients (98%). Studies were obtained after SLNB in 107 patients (59%). Studies ordered after SLNB resulted in indeterminate findings in 51 patients (48% of those studied). Among patients tested after SLNB, four were found to have metastatic disease (positive rate 3.7%). All of these patients had both a thick melanoma and macrometastasis within the SLN. The number of patients with indeterminate findings would be decreased and the yield of the work-up increased by 4 fold, by restricting the work-up to those with thick melanoma and macrometastasis. Conclusions Radiological studies obtained after a positive SLN produce indeterminate findings in about half of the patients and identify distant disease in 3.7%. Restricting work-up to patients with thick melanoma and macrometastasis on SLNB would spare patients from indeterminate findings and increase the yield of the evaluation.     

Comparison of Cup Setting Angle Accuracy between Computed Tomography-Based and Computed Tomography-Free Navigation in the Same Patients with Crowe's Classification I or II Hip Dysplasia

BackgroudIn total hip arthroplasty, the cup setting angle may affect the postoperative results. In recent years, both computed tomography-based navigation and computed tomography-free (imageless) navigation have been reported to produce high accuracy in cup installation; however, no direct comparison between these two methods has been performed. The present study aimed to directly compare the cup installation angle accuracy between computed tomography-based navigation and computed tomography-free navigation in patients with Crowe''s classification stage I or II dysplastic osteoarthritis and to examine the factors affecting the cup installation accuracy.MethodsUsing both navigation systems for the same technique, primary total hip arthroplasty was performed by the same surgeon in 36 patients. A cup was installed using computed tomography-based navigation, and the installed cup was measured again using computed tomography-free navigation. We compared the error between the target angle and the intraoperative installation angle for each navigation method by performing statistical analyses.ResultsFor computed tomography-based navigation, errors in the inclination and the anteversion angles compared to the target angle were 3.14° ± 1.55° and 1.47° ± 0.99°, respectively. For computed tomography-free navigation, the inclination and anteversion angle errors were significantly larger, i.e., 6.84° ± 4.78° and 5.43° ± 5.22°, respectively (p < 0.01). The inclination and anteversion angles of computed tomography-free navigation were correlated, and there were no significant factors influencing the error.ConclusionsComputed tomography-based navigation is more accurate for cup installation than computed tomography-free navigation. When using computed tomography-free navigation, it is necessary to add technical schemes before and during surgery to improve the cup installation accuracy.