苦参凝胶对银屑病大鼠皮肤损伤组织病理学及IL-6、PAR-2水平的影响

目的 研究苦参凝胶对银屑病大鼠皮肤损伤组织病理学及IL-6、蛋白酶活化受体-2(monoclonal antibody to protease activated receptor 2,PAR-2)水平的影响。方法 将60只Wistar大鼠分为对照组、模型组、维A酸组、苦参凝胶高、中、低剂量组,每组10只,观察各组大鼠一般情况、皮肤损伤病理改变、炎症细胞浸润评分、Baker评分及血清和皮肤组织中IL-6、PAR-2水平。结果 维A酸组和苦参凝胶各剂量组大鼠背部皮肤鳞屑、红斑较模型组有所减轻,苦参凝胶组大鼠症状减轻程度优于维A酸组。维A酸组和苦参凝胶各剂量组大鼠背部皮肤病理改变较模型组有不同程度的改善,苦参凝胶中、高剂量组改善程度优于维A酸组。炎症细胞浸润评分、Baker评分及IL-6、PAR-2水平测试,模型组较对照组明显升高（P<0.05）,各治疗组较模型组明显降低（P<0.05）,苦参凝胶中、高剂量组较维A酸组明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 苦参凝胶对银屑病大鼠皮肤损伤组织病理学表现及IL-6、PAR-2水平具有改善作用。     

Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditional Chinese Herb Pairs,Angelica sinensis and Sophora flavescens

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica sinensis extract (AE), Sophora flavescens extract (SE), and herb pair A. sinensis and S. flavescens extract (HPE). Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide. The anti-inflammatory potential of AE, SE, and HPE in the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. HPE showed strong antibacterial activity at all tested concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml) to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella Castellani and Chalmers. HPE significantly inhibited EIU-induced upregulation of NF-κB activation and the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, ICAM-1, and COX-2. Moreover, HPE suppressed MDA and infiltration of PMN. The study supports the hypothesis that the anti-pimple and anti-eczema activities of Dangguikushen compound recipe are attributed to herb pairs, A. sinensis and S. flavescens, used in combination.     

Anti-inflammation Effects of Corn Silk in a Rat Model of Carrageenin-Induced Pleurisy

Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleural layers that surround the lungs. Despite much research into inflammatory diseases, no drugs with favorable safety profiles are available yet for their treatment. Corn silk has been used in many parts of the world for the treatment of edema, cystitis, gout, kidney stones nephritis, and prostitutes. However, no scientific reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of corn silk were so far available. To test the anti-inflammatory efficacy of corn silk extract (CSEX) in a rat model of carrageenin (Cg)-induced pleurisy, exudate formation, and cellular infiltration, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), C3 and C4 complement protein levels, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and total antioxidant activity were studied, respectively. Pretreatment with CSEX reduced Cg-induced pleurisy exudate, number of leukocytes, oxidative stress, C3 protein level, and O₂⁻ levels at the inflammatory site. Pretreatment with CSEX also inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF-α, and IL-17A and blocked inflammation-related events (ICAM-1 and iNOS) by activation of NF-κB. Supplementation with CSEX may be a promising treatment for inflammatory diseases that involve oxidative stress.     

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Involved in Mediating the Anti-inflammation Effects of Vasopressin

Vasopressin possesses potent anti-inflammatory capacity. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream activator Akt contribute to endogenous anti-inflammation capacity. We sought to elucidate whether PI3K is involved in mediating the anti-inflammation effects of vasopressin. Macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were randomized to receive endotoxin, endotoxin plus vasopressin, or endotoxin plus vasopressin plus the nonselective PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or the selective isoform inhibitor of PI3Kα (PIK-75), PI3Kβ (TGX-221), PI3Kδ (IC-87114), or PI3Kγ (AS-252424). Compared to macrophages treated with endotoxin, the concentrations of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6) and chemokine (macrophage inflammatory protein-2) in macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin were significantly lower (all P?<?0.05). The concentrations of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in nuclear extracts and phosphorylated inhibitor-κBα (p-I-κBα) in cytosolic extracts as well as NF-κB-DNA binding activity were also lower (all P?<?0.05). Of note, except for macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin plus PIK-75, the concentrations of cytokines, chemokine, p-NF-κB p65, and p-I-κBα as well as NF-κB-DNA binding activity in macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin plus LY294002, TGX-221, IC-87114, or AS-252424 were significantly higher than those in macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin (all P?<?0.05). In contrast, the phosphorylated Akt concentration in macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin was significantly higher than that in macrophages treated with endotoxin or in macrophages treated with endotoxin plus vasopressin plus LY294002, TGX-221, IC-87114, or AS-252424, but not PIK-75. These data confirmed that PI3K, especially the isoforms of PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ, is involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of vasopressin.     

苦参与茯苓对肝纤维化的作用及机制的研究

目的研究苦参、茯苓两种中药抗肝纤维化的作用及其机制。方法以生理盐水作为对照,将苦参和茯苓两种中药用于大鼠肝纤维化模型和大鼠肝星状细胞（HSC）。观察肝组织形态变化;检测血透明质酸酶、Ⅳ型胶原含量;MTT法检测HSC细胞增殖抑制率;免疫组化法检测基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）、转化生长因子（TGF）β1、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）的表达。结果与对照组比较,中药处理组的HSC细胞增殖抑制率升高（P〈0.05）;血清透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原含量减少（P〈0.05）;肝组织TIMP-1、TGFβ1及PDGF的表达均减少（P〈0.05）。结论两种中药均能减缓大鼠肝纤维化的发生,其机制可能与这些中药能下调TGFβ1及PDGF表达、抑制HSC增殖活化、促进细胞外基质降解、减少肝纤维结缔组织沉积有关。     

Septicaemia caused by Neisseria flavescens

Septicaemia caused by N. flavescens is reported for the first time. The septicaemia developed following dental surgery, and the clinical picture was indistinguishable from that of chronic meningococcaemia. The skin lesions resembled the cutaneous manifestations of gonococcaemia. The patient responded to treatment with sulphonamides and penicillin with no relapse over 18 months of follow-up.     

Pharmacokinetic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Sanguinarine Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

The sanguinarine (SG) was studied for its pharmacokinetic and anti-inflammatory activities with prepared solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The sanguinarine solid lipid nanoparticles (SG-SLNs) were prepared by film-ultrasonic dispersion method and the entrapment efficiency of SG was higher at 75.6 %. The drug release profile of SG was examined in pH 7.4 PBS and 85 % of the SG loaded in SLNs was gradually released during 24 h. We used mice endotoxin shock model which was induced by lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) to examine the anti-inflammatory function of SG-SLNs. Healthy Kunming mice were administered orally with saline, SG (10 mg/kg), and SG-SLNs (10 mg/kg), respectively, at 12 and 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Mice were sacrificed at 1 and 6 h, respectively, and blood was collect through the venous sinus to access inflammatory mediators. Pharmacokinetic studies proved that the AUC_0→24 and C _max of SG-SLNs were significantly increased compared that of SG. SG-SLNs revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, interleukin 6 level, and nitric oxide production in serum. Therefore, it can be concluded that SG-SLNs led to a better oral bioavailability.     

Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in Drosophila

The in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster was used here to determine the detrimental effects induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposure. The main aim was to explore its interaction with the intestinal barrier and the genotoxic effects induced in hemocytes. The observed effects were compared with those obtained by silver nitrate, as an agent acting via the release of silver ions. Larvae were fed in food media containing both forms of silver. Results indicated that silver nitrate was more toxic than AgNPs when the viability “egg-to-adult” was determined. Depigmentation was observed in adults including those exposed to nontoxic concentrations, as indicative of exposure action. Interestingly, AgNPs were able to cross the intestinal barrier affecting hemocytes that show significant increases in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Additionally, significant levels of genotoxic damage, as determined by the comet assay, were also induced. When the expression of different stress-response genes was determined, for both AgNPs and silver nitrate, significant upregulation of Sod2 and p53 genes was observed. Our results confirm for the first time that in an in vivo model as Drosophila, AgNPs are able to cross the intestinal barriers and produce primary DNA damage (comet assay) via oxidative stress induction. In general, the effects induced by silver nitrate were more pronounced than those induced by AgNPs what would emphasize the role of silver ions in the observed effects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:277–285, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

特种功能精细陶瓷作用机理探讨—对鼠耳抗炎消肿作用和对兔血液流变性的影响

目的 观察特种功能精细陶瓷的抗炎消肿作用对“血瘀证”兔血液流变学的影响。方法 用巴豆油造成鼠耳肿胀,涂含特种功能精细陶瓷粉霜一段时间后,取样秤重,观察其重量变化;用头低位限制活动法造成“血瘀证”兔血液流变性降低,用特种功能精细陶瓷温育后,检测高中低三种切变率下的血粘度、血细胞压积和纤维蛋白原含量等指标。结果 与涂市售宝宝霜的对照组相比,涂功能精细陶瓷粉霜的鼠耳重量明显降低（P＜0．001）;与对照组相比,经特种功能精细陶瓷粉温育后,头低位兔血粘度和纤维蛋白原含量明显降低（P＜0．02－0．01）。结论 特种功能精细陶瓷具有抑制巴豆油形成的鼠耳肿胀和改善“血瘀证”兔血液流变性的作用。     

Effects of Vietnamese Sophora Root on Growth,Adhesion, Invasion and Motility of Melanoma Cells

Background

Vietnamese Sophora Root mainly contains active constituents such as alkaloids, and it has anti-tumour, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of the paper was to study the effects of Vietnamese Sophora Root on growth, adhesion, invasion and motility of mouse melanoma B₁₆BL₆ cells, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism of action.

Materials and Methods

MTT assay was used to detect the effect of Vietnamese Sophora Root aqueous extract on B₁₆BL₆ cell proliferation. Cell adhesion assay, reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay and chemotactic motility assay were used to observe the effects of Vietnamese Sophora Root aqueous extract on adhesion, invasion and motility of B₁₆BL₆ cells.

Results

Different concentrations of Vietnamese Sophora Root aqueous extracts had different degrees of inhibitory effects on B₁₆BL₆ proliferation. With the decrease of concentration, the proliferation inhibitory effect decreased and even turned to promoting effect. The extract significantly inhibited the adhesion of B₁₆BL₆ cells to the basement membrane component LN, and had a significant effect on both the invasive and migratory capacities of B₁₆BL₆ cells through the basement membrane.

Conclusion

We concluded that the aqueous extract of Vietnamese Sophora Root can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells, as well as their adhesion and movement.     

A Study on Isolation of Chemical Constituents from Sophora Flavescens Ait. and Their Anti-Glioma Effects

Background

Sophora flavescens Ait. is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history in China. It is mainly used in the treatment of heat dysentery and similar ailments in the clinical. The objective of this paper was to isolate, purify and identify alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. and to explore their inhibitory effects on C6 glioma cells.

Materials and Methods

Column chromatography, extraction and NMR spectroscopy were used to structurally identify the isolated compounds. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the inhibitory effect of matrine on C6 cells.

Results

Three compounds were isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait., namely matrine, oxymatrine and lupeol. Different concentrations of matrine solution all had inhibitory effects on growth of C6 cell lines, which showed apparent dose-effect relationship. Compared with the control group, proportion of G0/G1 phase cells increased in each matrine concentration group to a maximum of 79.8%; proportion of S phase cells reduced, and proportion of G2/M phase cells declined slightly to a minimum of 6.3%, suggesting that after the action of matrine proliferation of C6 cells was significantly inhibited and the cells were arrested in the G1 phase.

Conclusion

We concluded that Sophora flavescens Ait. has an inhibitory effect on C6 cell proliferation.     

磁导向阿霉素-羧甲基葡聚糖磁性毫微粒的毒性的研究

以阿霉素(ADR)为药物模型，制备了阿霉素—羧甲基葡聚糖磁性毫微粒(ADR—CMD MNPs)，对比研究了静脉给药后其与阿霉素普通制剂对小鼠的急性毒性作用、累积毒性作用以及药物在动物心肌组织的分布情况，结果表明：相对于普通制剂，阿霉素的磁性毫微粒制剂的急性毒性明显降低，LD50值达到阿霉素普通制剂的5.06倍，连续给药情况下小鼠的死亡率、体重和白细胞损失都有明显下降；药物分布实验表明阿霉素磁性毫微粒制剂静脉给药后在小鼠心肌组织中的浓度和积累作用明显低于普通制剂，这对降低阿霉素固有的对心肌组织毒副作用非常有利。     

Extraction and Isolation of Alkaloids of Sophora Alopecuroides and Their Anti-Tumor Effects in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice

Background

Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides have good biological activity, and are widely used in clinical settings, which not only have pharmacological activities of anti-cancer, cancer suppression, as well as the inhibition, and killing of various microorganisms; but also possess extensive pharmacological effects on immune system, nervous system and cardiovascular system. The objective of this paper was to extract and isolate total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA), and to study their anti-tumor effects in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Materials and Methods

TASA were extracted and isolated using thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatography; and the isolated compounds were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. The inhibitory effects of TASA on tumor in H22-bearing mice were determined by MTT assay.

Results

Three compounds were isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L., which were matrine, oxymatrine and sophoridine, respectively. Meanwhile, mouse H22 sarcoma model was established and different doses of TASA apparently inhibited solid H22-tumor in mice; it inhibited the thymus, and spleen to some extent; the degree of inhibition was more obvious for the spleen.

Conclusion

TASA has an anti-tumor effect in H22 tumor-bearing mice.     

Mycobacterium flavescens vertebral osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent host

The aim of this paper is to describe a rare case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium flavescens in an immunocompetent patient. Mycobacterium flavescens is a rapidly growing, pigmented, non-tuberculous mycobacterium, usually described as non-pathogenic for humans but occasionally reported as the cause of serious infectious complications recognized in clinical practice. This study stressed the importance of recent reports that describe the occurrence of vertebral osteomyelitis due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria that have also been recognized with an increasing incidence among immunocompetent hosts. A brief review of the current literature on human disease caused by Mycobacterium flavescens is also reported.     

阿霉素纳米微粒经动脉给药对兔肝肿瘤的疗效观察

目的 观察阿霉素纳米微粒经动脉给药对免肝肿瘤的疗效.方法 将阿霉素纳米微粒(小粒径脂质体与毫微粒)与碘油制成乳剂,建立兔肝VX-2移植癌改良模型并随机分为六组,经肝动脉分别注入生理盐水(NS)、碘油(Lipi)、游离丝裂霉素(ADM,2mg/kg)、游离阿霉素加空白纳米微粒(ADM+NP,2mg/kg)、阿霉素纳米微粒组(NADM,2mg/kg)与阿霉素纳米微粒-碘油乳剂(Lip-NADM,2mg/kg).结果 经Lip-NADM治疗的兔生存期显著延长(P<0.01),与其它各组相比对肿瘤生长的抑制更为明显(P<0.01),肿瘤坏死更广泛,更彻底.结论 与其它各组相比,Lip-NADM经动脉给药具有更好的疗效.     

Anti-inflammation Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordyceps sinensis</Emphasis> Mycelium in Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury Rats

Brain ischemia–reperfusion (IR) triggers a complex series of biochemical events including inflammation. To test the neuroprotective efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium (CSM) in a rat model of focal cerebral IR, ischemic animals were treated with CSM. They were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion for neurological deficit score. Furthermore, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory potential of CSM in the regulation of nuclear factor kappaB, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. CSM significantly inhibited IR-induced up-regulation of NF-kappaB activation and the brain production of IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, ICAM-1, and COX-2. Moreover, CSM suppressed infiltration of PMN. The study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of CSM inhibition through anti-inflammation in a rat model of ischemia–reperfusion.     

Distribution and Systemic Effects of Intranasally Administered 25 nm Silver Nanoparticles in Adult Mice

Previous work indicates that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) given IP to mice alter the regulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes in brain. Here we assessed the distribution and toxic potential of AgNP following intranasal (IN) exposure. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received 25-nm AgNP (100 or 500 mg/kg) once IN. After 1 or 7 days, histopathology of selected organs was performed, and tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. Aggregated AgNP were found in spleen, lung, kidney, and nasal airway by routine light microscopy. Splenic AgNP accumulation was greatest in red pulp and occurred with modestly reduced cellularity and elevated hemosiderin deposition. Aggregated AgNP were not associated with microscopic changes in other tissues except for nasal mucosal erosions. Autometallography revealed AgNP in olfactory bulb and the lateral brain ventricles. Neither inflammatory cell infiltrates nor activated microglia were detected in brains of AgNP-treated mice. Elevated tissue GSH levels was observed in nasal epithelia (both doses at 1 day, 500 mg/kg at 7 days) and blood (500 mg/kg at 7 days). Therefore, IN administration of AgNP permits systemic distribution, produces reversible oxidative stress in the nose and in blood, and mildly enhances macrophage-mediated erythrocyte destruction in the spleen.