探讨彩色多普勒超声检查胰腺血流对诊断急性胰腺炎的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)检查胰腺血流对诊断急性胰腺炎的价值。方法随机选取我院自2011年至今收诊的急性胰腺炎患者32例,记为观察组,并随机选取我院健康体检者32例,记为对照组,采用多普勒超声测量两组患者的胰十二指肠下的动脉血流。结果对照组32例患者的胰腺血流均呈现不同程度血流速度的减慢,显示较为困难,其中8例患者未测出胰腺动脉血流;对照组32例健康患者均能正常测量出胰十二指肠下的动脉血流速度,最大速度达观察95%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声检查胰腺血流可为急性胰腺炎的诊断提供依据,是诊断急性胰腺炎的又一手段。彩色多普勒超声检查胰腺血流对诊断急性胰腺炎有显著的医学价值。     

彩色多普勒超声监测移植肾血流动力学的变化

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声(彩超)监测移植肾肾动脉血流动力学变化的临床价值.方法:应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及彩色多普勒能量显像(CDEI)对69例在我院行肾移植手术患者进行监测,观察移植肾形态、大小、内部回声及血流分布情况,比较移植肾功能正常组、急性排斥(AR)组、环孢素A(CsA)肾中毒组形态学及血流参数.结果:移植肾功能正常组:肾内血流显示良好,肾动脉阻力指数(RI)在正常范围;移植肾AR组:①肾内血流明显减少;②肾动脉频谱收缩期峰值高尖、舒张期无或少血流信号显示,部分呈单峰,各级动脉RI明显增高;移植肾CsA 肾中毒组:皮质部血流减少,RI明显减低.结论:彩超测定移植肾各级肾动脉血流动力学参数,对早期诊断排斥反应及监测免疫抑制剂的治疗具有重要的指导意义.     

彩色多普勒血流显像对梗阻性肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨梗阻性肾积水患者肾脏的血流灌注及其临床意义.方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对258只积水肾和60例正常人120只正常肾(对照)进行检测,分析不同程度肾积水主肾动脉血流动力学变化及彩色多普勒血流灌注情况.结果 轻度肾积水、中度肾积水时CDFI示肾内血流均丰富,主肾动脉血流参数与对照组比均无显著性差异(P>0.05).重度肾积水时,CDFI示肾内血流减少,主肾动脉血流速在收缩期无变化,舒张期减低,阻力指数增高,与对照组比有极显著性差异(P<0.01).巨大型肾积水时,CDFI示肾内血流进一步减少,主肾动脉血流速在收缩期、舒张期均降低,阻力指数增高,与对照组比有极显著差异(P<0.01).结论 梗阻性肾积水的肾脏CDFI表现反映了肾脏的血流灌注情况,对肾积水的程度判断、治疗监测和评估预后有重要的意义.     

多普勒超声检测肾脏血流的重要价值

目的：应用多普勒技术测量肾脏血管血流。方法：检测肾动脉狭窄血管血流,移植肾血管血流,弥漫性肾脏疾病血管血流。结果：肾动脉狭窄：多普勒血流为血流变细、不规则,收缩期呈高速湍流频谱。移植肾：多普勒血流测量最大最小血流速度,肾内血流分布情况。弥漫性肾脏疾病：敏感性较差,晚期血流分布减少。结论：多普勒检测肾脏血流可作为临床预测疾病发生的重要依据。     

彩色多普勒超声对慢性肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在监测慢性肾病患者肾血流动力学方面的应用价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对临床诊断的37例慢性肾病患者(肾病组)和30例健康者(对照组)进行观察,测量两组的肾脏大小及肾段动脉和叶间动脉的收缩期最大流速(V3)及阻力指数((Rl).结果 肾功能代偿期与对照组,Vs和Rl无明显变化(P>0.05);肾功能失代偿期与对照组比较Rl增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)结论彩色多普勒超声对检测慢性病患者肾血流动力.学变化有很高的价值.     

彩色多普勒血流显像在移植肾检查中的应用

运用彩色多普勒超声检查移植肾１４８例次,其中移植肾功能正常组６５例次,急性排斥反应３９例次,慢性排斥反应３７例次,移植肾急性肾小管坏死２例,移植肾动脉狭窄１例,动态监测移植血流动力学改变;测出收缩期峰值血流速度,舒张末期血流速度,平均血流速度,搏动指数和阻力指数。     

彩色多普勒超声对移植肾排斥血液动力学研究

目的　评价彩色多普勒对肾移植排斥诊断价值。方法　应用彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)和彩色多普勒能量显像(CEDI)监测移植肾形态、大小、内部回声及血流分布情况观察主肾动脉 ,弓形动脉的血流参数。结果　移植肾排斥组与正常组在肾形态和肾内血流参数有明显差异。结论　超声检查对移植肾排斥及并发症能明确诊断 ,对观察病情的发展和转归有重要的临床意义。     

静脉多普勒超声在代谢综合征早期肾损害中的运用价值

【】目的：探讨肾静脉多普勒超声检查早期发现代谢综合征(MS)肾脏损害的可行性。方法：选取2011-2013年在我院确诊的MS无肾脏损害患者组40例和MS早期肾脏损害患者组26例。入选患者均符合NCEP-ATPⅢ诊断标准。用彩色多普勒获取两组患者的肾叶间静脉多普勒血流频谱,分别记录收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、舒张末期最低血流速度(Vmin)及阻力指数(RI)。结果：MS早期肾损害组肾叶间静脉收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、舒张末期最低血流速度(Vmin)、及阻力指数(RI)相较无肾损害组均出现不同程度的减低,而尿白蛋白排泄率明显增加。结论：肾静脉彩色多普勒可以发现MS患者早期肾损害,可作为MS患者筛选早期肾损害的方法之一。     

2型糖尿病早期肾损害的彩色多普勒超声诊断研究

目的 评价彩色多普勒超声检查在2型糖尿病(T2DM)早期肾损害诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取102例T2DM患者,按尿清蛋白排泄率(UAER)将其分为3组:A组(UAER<20 μg/min)、B组(UAER在20～200 μg/min)和C组(UAER>200 μg/min).同时选择32例健康者作为对照组(D组).应用彩色多普勒超声仪检查4组受检者的肾脏大小、血流灌注情况及肾脏各级动脉血流动力学参数.结果 与D组比较,A、B、C组患者的肾脏体积均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).与A、D组比较,B组、C组各级动脉的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)均显著增高,而收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、舒张期最低血流速度(Vmin)均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组的各级血流频谱参数虽有变化,但与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).随肾脏损害程度的加重,肾彩色血流显像逐渐减少,D组及A组的血流显像均为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,B组主要为Ⅲ级,C组主要为Ⅳ级.结论 彩色多普勒超声能提示T2DM患者肾脏大小、血流灌注情况及肾血流动力学情况,对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断是有价值的.     

彩超对糖尿病肾血流动力学改变的观察分析

目的观察糖尿病(DM)肾动脉的血流动力学的改变,探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病肾病(DN)的临床价值。方法应用彩色多普勒血流显像对45例2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的段动脉(SRA)、叶间动脉(IRA)、弓形动脉(ARA)进行检查,并对其血流的收缩期最大血流速度(Vsmax)、舒张期最低血流速度(Vdmin)和搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)进行对比分析。结果随着肾脏的损害,患者肾血流多普勒频谱特点是:SRA、IRA、ARA的Vsmax、Vdmin,PI、RI增高。尤其当RI大于0.7,肾脏将出现早期损害。结论彩色多普勒超声检测肾血流参数在预测糖尿病肾病肾脏损害方面有一定临床参考价值,为糖尿病肾病的诊断提供了一种简便的方法。     

彩色多普勒超声在血液透析动静脉内瘘中的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在血液透析动静脉内瘘中的应用价值。方法:用彩色多普勒超声对59例血液透析患者进行动静脉内瘘检查。结果:59例血液透析患者中44例动静脉内瘘血流通畅,血液透析量达标,15例发生一种或一种以上并发症。结论:彩色多普勒超声是评估血管通路功能的有效辅助检查方法之一,能及时发现并发症,指导临床治疗,延长动静脉内瘘使用寿命。     

Radiologic evaluation of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation

We describe the radiographic imaging modalities that were used in the first twelve consecutive patients who have undergone simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) at our institution. The total number of examinations undertaken in this study included ultrasound (n=22), radionucleide scanning (n=19), cystography (n=14), computed tomography (n=2) and magnetic resonance imaging (n=l). Eighteen percent (5/22) ultrasound examinations were abnormal (perirenal collection [n=4], peri-pancreatic collection [n=l]). Two collections required aspiration and were confirmed as lymphocoeles. Cystography showed ureteric reflux in two patients and radionucleide DTPA scanning revealed a delay in the excretory phase in 20% of patients. CT was used in two patients with SPK and demonstrated large peri-pancreatic collections. No episodes of rejection or late graft pancreatitis were noted in this series. We discuss the role of radiographic imaging in detecting early graft failure and also in defining the surgical complications that may arise following transplantation. We also outline the merits and disadvantages of each imaging modality. We conclude that the most useful initial imaging techniques in the evaluation of patients following SPK are ultrasound including Doppler and nuclear medicine.     

成人活体肝移植肝中静脉搭桥后桥血管的超声显像

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在成人活体肝移植(living donor liver transplantation,LDLT)肝中静脉搭桥后受体的桥血管显像中的应用.方法 2005年12月至2006年7月我院25例患者接受右半供肝活体肝移植,术中用大隐静脉重建肝脏Ⅴ(V5)、Ⅷ(V8)段的肝中静脉粗大属支,静脉搭桥模式和例数为:单一V5(8例),两条V5(2例),V5和V8(9例),V8(6例),25例患者重建桥血管共36根.术后使用彩色多普勒超声对桥血管进行动态观察,随访7d至8月.结果 彩色多普勒超声能显示成人活体肝移植肝中静脉搭桥后的桥血管;24例患者桥血管34支超声显示通畅,血管管径4.6～7 mm,流速8.4～39.5 cm/s.1例(2支)术后7d重建的静脉未探及血流,术后25d桥血管与右肝静脉形成侧枝循环.结论 彩色多普勒超声可以准确显示肝中静脉搭桥后的桥血管,了解血管的通畅情况,测量其流速,为临床治疗提供详细、准确的信息.     

彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后的应用价值。方法:运用常规二维及彩色多普勒超声检测11例移植肝的血流动力学变化及胆管、肝实质声像图改变,并对病变部位引导活检或置管引流。结果:移植后2周内,各例均有移植肝不同程度增大、实质回声增强、肝动脉血流速度减低和门静脉血流速度增高。2例肝内胆管呈轻度扩张,2周内恢复。并发胆道感染、肝脓肿各1例,各例均存在不同程度胸腹腔积液。结论:彩色多普勒超声对移植肝术后血流动力学变化及并发症的检出具有重要意义,有助于指导临床采取相应治疗措施并提高术后存活率。     

高频彩超在自体动静脉内瘘溶栓中的监测价值研究

目的 通过对比溶栓前后自体动静脉内瘘血管通路的通畅情况和血流参数的变化,探讨高频彩超在自体动静脉内瘘溶栓中的监测价值。方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的48例自体动静脉内瘘血栓形成患者的超声图像,对比分析溶栓前后内瘘吻合口血管内径（D）,收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张期流速（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）及内瘘血流量（BFV）。结果 溶栓成功41例,有效率85.4%,管腔内实质回声消失,血流信号充满整个管腔,7例溶栓未通,无效率4.6%;溶栓前后瘘口内径比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,溶栓前后瘘口血流参数（PSV,EDV,RI）和内瘘血流量的比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导自体动静脉内瘘溶栓有较高的有效率,溶栓成功后内瘘血流量明显增加,吻合口血流速度增快,阻力指数明显降低,高频彩超可为临床医生提供准确的量化影像学信息,为其溶栓效果的评价提供支持。     

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF REJECTION AFTER SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Objective To explore methods of preventing and reversing rejection after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) tran splantation. Methods Seventeen patients underwent SPK transplantation from September 1999 to September 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Immunosuppression was achieved by a triple drug regimen consisting of cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofteil (MMF), and steroids. Three patients were treated with anti-CD3 monoclone antibody (OKT3, 5 mg· d-1) for induction therapy for a mean period of 5-7 days. One patients received IL-2 receptor antibodies (daclizumab) in a dose of 1 mg· kg-1 on the day of transplant and the 5th day posttransplant. One patient was treated with both OKT3 and daclizumab for induction. Results No primary non-functionality of either kidney or pancreas occurred in this series of transplantations. Function of all the kidney grafts recovered within 2 to 4 days after transplantation. The level of serum creatinine was 94 ± 11 μmol/L on the 7th day posttransplant. One patient experienced the accelerated rejection, resulting in the resection of the pancreas and kidney grafts because of the failure of conservative therapy. The incidence of the first rejection episodes at 3 months was 47.1% (8/17). Only the kidney was involved in 35.3% (6/17); and both the pancreas and kidney were involved in 11.8% (2/17). All these patients received a high-dose pulse of methylprednisone (0.5 g·d-1) for 3 days. OKT3 (0.5 mg·d-1) was administered for 7-10 days in two patients with both renal and pancreas rejection. All the grafts were successfully rescued. Conclusion Rejection, particularly acute rejection, is the major cause influencing graft function in SPK transplantation. Monitoring renal function and pancreas exocrine secretion, and reasonable application of immunosuppressants play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of rejection.     

Coronary bypass revascularization with radial artery and internal mammary artery grafts

Objective To evaluate radial artery (RA) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts in coron ary artery bypass and the use of color Doppler ultrasound in the peri- operative evaluation of IMA and radial- ulnar collateral circulation. Methods From June 1998 to June 2000, sixty cases of coronary bypass revascularization wi th RA and IMA were performed. Preoperatively, the radial- ulnar collateral circ ulation was evaluated with the modified Allen’s test, color Doppler ultrasound a nd noninvasive oxygen saturation measurement. The IMA lumen and blood flow were measured at the first intercostal space with color Doppler ultrasound preoperat ively and postoperatively. Results One patient (1. 7%) died of serious cardiac arrhythmia on the fourth postoperati ve day. There were no arterial graft harvest related complications. Before har vesting, the ulnar artery blood flow was 30. 78±9. 71 ml/min, and it increased to 43. 36±13. 98 ml/min (40. 87% increase, P&lt;0. 01) after the operation. Compared with the baseline, there was no obvious change of IMA blood flow posto peratively (P&gt;0. 05), but the systolic/diastolic flow ratio markedly dec reased from 8. 57±3. 98 ml/min to 3. 41±4. 87 ml/min (P&lt;0. 01). Conclusions Arterial grafts can be safely used for coronary bypass revascularization with go od results. The ulnar artery blood flow can increase compensatively after RA ha rvesting. The diastolic blood flow of grafted IMA markedly increased postoperat ively. Color Doppler ultrasound was very helpful both in evaluating the radial - ulnar collateral circulation before RA harvesting and in assessing the patency of the grafted IMA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).     

肾移植术后应用莫罗单抗—CD3的临床疗效（附10例报告）

目的:探讨肾移植术后发生急性加速排斥反应后应用莫罗单抗-CD_3进行抗排斥反应治疗的临床疗效。方法:将1998年6月至2001年8月间10例肾移植术后发生急性加速排斥反应患者应用莫罗单抗-CD_3治疗进行研究,10例患者中,男6例,女4例,平均年龄:38岁;发生排斥反应的时间为术后2～6天,应用莫罗单抗-CD_3的时间为排斥反应后第2天,每日静滴莫罗单抗-CD_3 2.5mg,共14天。结果:10例中,9例移植肾功能正常,尿量平均2000ml左右,血肌酐、尿素氮达到或接近正常,彩色多普勒超声示:移植肾弓形动脉血流量大,呈低阻频谱。结论;莫罗单抗-CD_3可以逆转肾移植术后的急性加速排斥反应,可使肾移植患者肾功能逐渐得到恢复,为减轻或避免莫罗单抗-CD_3的副作用,可以减少莫罗单抗-CD_3的用量。     

利用彩色多普勒超声对终末期肾病患者人工动静脉内瘘血管的监测

目的：利用彩色多普勒超声监测终末期肾病患者人工动静脉内瘘的血管。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声测定34例终末期肾病患者人工动静脉内瘘血管内径、血流速度、阻力指数（resistent index,RI）、血流量。结果：34例终末期肾病患者中25例内瘘通畅良好,9例出现不同情况的并发症。结论：彩色多普勒超声在终末期肾病患者人工动静脉内瘘的各项指标监测中起重要作用,人工动静脉内瘘口内径在3～7 mm,血流量在350～800 mL/min时,可满足正常血透量。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对早期妊娠清宫术后胎盘绒毛植入的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声对早期妊娠清官术后胎盘绒毛植入的诊断价值。方法对我院2011年1月～2013年6月16例经手术和病理证实的早期妊娠清宫术后胎盘绒毛植入的经阴道彩色多普勒超声声像图进行回顾性分析。结果16例患者的二维超声显示子宫肌层紧邻内膜线的不均质的高回声病灶,彩色多普勒显示病灶内有灶性丰富的血流信号,为低速静脉频谱及低速低阻动脉频谱,无动静脉瘘。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声是诊断早期妊娠清宫术后胎盘绒毛植入的一种有价值的方法。