白细胞介素-6在初次人工关节置换术后的变化规律及意义

目的探讨人工关节置换前后血清炎性指标IL-6的变化规律,结合CRP、ESR变化规律进一步分析三者的变化异同,并为人工关节置换术后感染早期发现提供参考依据。方法选取2011年10月至2012年04月本组204例初次置换患者为研究对象,分别于术前、术后1d、2d、3d及5d时对患者的血清IL-6,术前、术后1d、3d及5d时患者的血清CRP、ESR进行检测分析,并加以比较。结果测量数据显示,所有患者的血清IL-6、CRP、ESR水平均呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中血清IL-6在人工关节置换术后2d达到高峰,术后2d开始下降,5d下降到正常范围内,术后1、2及3d的IL-6均高于术前,有统计学差异（t1d=11.24,t2d=10.83,t3d=2.63,P〈0.05）;术后5d与术前比较,无统计学差异（t5d=0.47,P〉0.05）。CRP在关节置换后2～3d达到高峰,随后回落,但第5天时未回落到术前水平。ESR在关节置换后4～5d达到高峰,随后回落,但5d时未回落到术前水平。结果 IL-6在人工关节置换术后患者中呈现一定变化规律,先迅速升高后快速下降,变化速度最快,恢复到正常值的速度也快,比CRP及ESR更敏感。结论 IL-6、CRP、ESR三者联合应用更能提高人工关节周围感染的早期诊断率。患者术前髋、膝关节血清IL-6有统计学差异,可能与关节的自身生理结构导致的关节炎机制不同或者髋、膝关节IL-6的受体表达方式不同有关。     

Procalcitonin as a marker for severe sepsis in an immunosuppressed patient

A 22 year old female was admitted to the emergency department with high fever up to 41,5 degrees C, tachycardia, and arterial hypotension. Clinically, she presented with bilateral pulmonary coarse crackles. Diagnosis on admission was pneumonia with septic shock. Intriguingly, procalcitonin (PCT) was increased early, reaching up to 435 ng/mL, while C-reactive protein levels were only moderately increased, with several days delay. The sepsis was originated from a multi-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Remarkably, the course of PCT levels reflected the severity of septic shock in that it paralleled noradrenaline demand. Ten months previously, the patient had been diagnosed with acute disseminated brainstem encephalitis (ADEM), and had received two cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide. Our case illustrates that PCT is an early marker for sepsis and it indicates that PCT may also be a valuable marker for the severity of sepsis in immunosuppressed patients.     

白癜风患者血清及皮损疱液中白细胞介素-22水平测定

目的 检测白癜风患者血清及皮损疱液中白细胞介素-22(interleukin-22,IL-22)水平,分析处于不同病期及经治疗后不同疗效的白癜风患者血清IL-22水平变化情况,探讨该因子在白癜风发病过程中的可能作用.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附测定法对56例患者、20例健康志愿者血清及15例接受表皮移植患者皮损疱液中IL-22因子水平进行测定,对接受治疗的18例患者血清中该因子水平进行监测,采用SPSS13.0软件进行数据分析.结果 进展期、稳定期、对照组血清中IL-22水平依次降低,且两两组间差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.01),接受表皮移植患者皮损区疱液中IL-22含量显著高于供皮区水平,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).18例疗效较好患者血清中IL-22水平与治疗前比较下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).疗效较差患者血清中IL-22水平差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).结论 IL-22可能在白癜风发病及加重过程中起重要作用,IL-22水平变化可能成为预测白癜风患者病情进展及评价疗效的指标之一.     

Procalcitonin as a marker of severity in septic shock

Background/aims: Procalcitonin (PCT) was shown to be related to the severity of bacterial infection and is recommended as a new parameter of inflammation and infection. To evaluate the prognostic value in septic shock, PCT levels were repeatedly determined and compared with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity as well as with C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels. Patients: Twenty-four surgical patients with septic shock were included. Eight patients died within the study period of 14 days. Methods: Serum levels of TNF- (WEHI 164) and IL-6 (B13–29 subclone 9) bioactivity, CRP and PCT were determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 following diagnosis of septic shock. Results: Survivors and non-survivors were comparable in terms of age and severity of sepsis characterized by the APACHE II score and multiple-organ-failure score. Predominant causes of sepsis were peritonitis and necrotiszing pancreatitis. TNF levels increased in non-survivors with no significant difference to survivors. IL-6 bioactivity was increased on day 1 (P = 0.06) and remained elevated in non-survivors, in whom it was significant on day 7 (P<0.05). CRP was constantly elevated with no difference between the groups. In non-survivors PCT remained increased, while the course of survivors was characterized by decreased values which were significantly lower (P<0.05) at every time point compared with those patients who died. A significant correlation could be found on day 1 (P<0.05) and at the end of the observation period (P<0.01) when comparing PCT levels with the multiple-organ-failure score. Conclusions: PCT seems to be a more reliable prognostic parameter in septic shock than IL-6, while TNF and CRP did not show any difference between survivors and non-survivors. These data indicate that PCT may represent a valuable parameter not only in the diagnosis of sepsis but also in the clinical course of the disease. Received: 2 December 1997; in revised form: 6 August 1998 Accepted: 17 October 1998     

Serum KL-6 level as a monitoring marker in a patient withpulmonary alveolar proteinosis

A raised serum level of KL-6 is known to exist in active pulmonary fibrosis and KL-6 may be produced and secreted by type II pneumocytes. A case is described of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with high serum KL-6 levels. The serum KL-6 level decreased after whole lung washing and correlated with symptoms, opacities on the chest radiograph, and arterial blood gas measurements. The serum KL-6 level may represent a useful marker for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.     

人巨细胞病毒感染对肾移植受者血清白细胞介素－6水平的影响

应用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ，诊断肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ感染，６５例受者中ＨＣＭＶ感染者３９例，非感染者２６例。应用ＭＴＴ法检测受者血清ＩＬ－６生物活性，阐明了ＨＣＭＶ感染对肾移植受者血清ＩＬ－６水平的影响。结果表明：感染与非感染组间血清ＩＬ－６水平差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；６例原发性感染者血清ＩＬ－６水平随感染时间延长呈增高及降低双相改变，表明慢性迁延性感染者血清ＩＬ－６水平降低。临床工作中监测ＨＣＭＶ感染的肾移植受者血清ＩＬ－６水平变化具有重要意义。     

血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-12在消化道肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的探讨消化道肿瘤患者血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-12的变化及其意义.方法应用酶联免疫法测定了胃癌、结肠癌及健康者血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-12含量,比较其相互间的关系.结果胃癌和结肠癌组IL-10、IL-12含量低于对照组;IL-6含量则高于对照组,且随着肿瘤临床病理分期的进展而不断升高;胃癌血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-12含量与结肠癌接近.结论消化道肿瘤患者血清细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、IL-12的变化可能与肿瘤的生长及机体抗肿瘤免疫功能的受损有关.     

Intra-abdominal pressure as a marker of severity in acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is one of the main causes of intra-abdominal hypertension, which may lead to multiple physiologic alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between acute pancreatitis and intra-abdominal hypertension, and to evaluate the utility of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) as a marker of severity in acute pancreatitis. METHODS: From July 2002 to July 2004, 45 patients admitted for acute pancreatitis were included in this prospective, observational study. The diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis were compatible clinical manifestations and a 3-fold increase in serum amylase levels. Severe pancreatitis was defined as Apache II score >or=8. IAP was determined every 12 hours, and the maximum and the mean values were used for analysis and correlated with prognostic factors of acute pancreatitis. RESULTS: A statistical relationship was observed between maximum IAP and the typical prognostic factors of acute pancreatitis. Maximum IAP had a significant relationship with the computed tomography severity index and the number of complementary tests required. The maximum IAP was significantly greater in patients who died and in patients requiring vasoactive drugs, total parenteral nutrition, or operative treatment related to complications. The maximum IAP was also greater in patients who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiorgan failure, increase in number and/or volume of intra-abdominal collections, those who required aspiration of the necrosis for suspected infection, those who demonstrated the presence of microorganisms, and those with positive blood cultures. CONCLUSION: The maximum IAP is a useful, inexpensive, and easy method to measure prognostic marker of the evolution and complications of acute pancreatitis.     

血清IL-6水平与胆管癌及肿瘤负荷的相关性研究

目的 检测胆管良、恶性疾病患者的血清ＩＬ－６水平,探讨胆管癌和胆管良性疾病的鉴别以及与肿瘤负荷的相关性。方法 采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法测定３０例胆管良性疾病患者,２５例胆管癌患者和２０例健康者的血清ＩＬ－６水平,并对胆管癌患者手术前后血清ＩＬ－６的水平变化进行观察。结果 ２５例胆管癌患者血清ＩＬ－６水平明显高于胆管良性疾病及健康者（Ｐ〈０．０５）,胆管癌手术后血清ＩＬ－６水平明显低于手术前,差异     

血清及尿白细胞介素-6检测在肾移植中的意义

目的探讨血、尿ＩＬ－６检测在肾移植急性排斥（ＡＲ）诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用。方法应用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术，分别对肾移植术后不同状态下患者血、尿ＩＬ－６水平进行检测。结果急性排斥及感染患者血ＩＬ－６水平较环孢素（ＣｓＡ）中毒、急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ）、移植肾功能正常及正常对照组高。尿ＩＬ－６在急性排斥及感染组也较ＣｓＡ中毒、ＡＴＮ、移植肾功能正常组有明显升高，而急性排斥组较感染组升高更明显。结论血、尿ＩＬ－６水平的升高可作为判断肾移植急性排斥的指标之一；也可作为鉴别急性排斥反应与ＣｓＡ中毒、ＡＴＮ的重要参考指标；对鉴别急性排斥反应和感染具一定的参考价值     

Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 genetic polymorphisms as risk factors for sepsis development in burned patients

Infection risk, sepsis and mortality after severe burn are primarily determined by patient age, burn size, and depth. Whether genetic differences contribute to otherwise unexpected variability in outcomes is unknown. We sought to determine whether there was an association between IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 polymorphisms with cytokine production and development of sepsis. We evaluated 71 patients with burns ≥15% TBSA and 109 healthy subjects. The genotypes of IL-6 (-174C/G), IL-10 (-819C/T and -1082A/G) and IL-17 (7488T/C) polymorphisms were identified applying polymerase chain reaction protocols. The cytokine levels in serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays. Our results demonstrated no significant differences in the genotype frequencies studied between burn patients and healthy subjects. No significant associations were found among IL-6 and IL-17F genotypes and the related cytokine serum levels. Only IL-10 promoter -1082GG genotype was related to an increased IL-10 production in burned patients. In addition, septic subjects bearing -1082G/G genotype have shown the highest and non-septic bearing -1082A/* genotypes the lowest IL-10 serum levels. All together these data seem to indicate that genetically determined individual difference in IL-10 production might influence the susceptibility to septic complications in burned patients and suggest that these markers might be useful in burned patient management.     

Length of laparotomy incision and surgical stress assessed by serum IL-6 level

BACKGROUND: Because surgical stress is thought to have an effect on morbidity, mortality, and remnant tumour progression after surgery, diminishing surgical stress is important. The purpose of this study was to assess in a murine model whether the length and type of laparotomy incision influence surgical stress. METHODS: Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured sequentionally in 220 male BALB/c mice who were assigned to different basic laparotomies, (1-cm versus 2-cm versus 3-cm laparotomy with or without caecal resection), other types of laparotomy (3-cm, 1-cm x 3, 3-cm transverse, 3-cm laparotomy with rapid closure), or 3-cm skin incision with or without laparotomy. The serum level of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum IL-6 levels at 3 and 6h after surgery were significantly higher in the 3-cm laparotomy group (1,680+/-802pg/ml and 1,066+/-507pg/ml, respectively), than in the 1-cm laparotomy group (797+/-427pg/ml and 515+/-212pg/ml, respectively). When caecal resection was added, the serum IL-6 level at 6h was significantly higher in the 3-cm laparotomy group (2,844+/-134pg/ml) than in the 1-cm laparotomy group (2,200+/-379pg/ml). Although the type of laparotomy incision was not associated with the serum level of IL-6, the serum IL-6 level after midline skin incision without laparotomy (245+/-142pg/ml) was significantly lower than that after 3-cm laparotomy (1,680+/-802pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The length of laparotomy incision was correlated with the serum level of IL-6 in a murine model. The surgical stress related to abdominal procedures might be decreased when laparotomy wounds are kept as small as possible.     

Marked elevation of serum interleukin-6 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: validation of utility as a clinical marker.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was elevated in patients with hepatic malignancies or correlated with radiologic tumor burden. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: High serum levels of IL-6 signify an adverse prognosis in many patients with cancer. IL-6 is a growth factor for bile duct epithelium. METHODS: Using bioactive and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, serum level of IL-6 was measured in 35 healthy adults and in 60 patients presenting for definitive management of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (15 patients), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (14), metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) (26), and benign biliary disease (BBD) (5). Patients with clinical conditions known to raise the serum level of IL-6 were excluded. Tumor burden was calculated from concurrent computed tomography scans. IL-6 levels were measured 2 weeks after resection in 3 CC patients. Secretion of IL-6 was examined in 3 human CC cell lines. RESULTS: An elevated level of bioactive IL-6 was detected in every patient with CC and in 13 of 14 patients with HCC, 14 of 26 patients with MCRC, 2 of 5 patients with BBD, and 3 of 35 healthy adults. Median and mean levels of bioactive IL-6 were higher in CC than in other neoplasms (p < 0.026) and for all tumor groups differed from healthy adults (p < or = 0.026). IL-6 level was elevated more often in primary than in secondary liver neoplasms (p = 0.02), distinguished patients with CC or MCRC from BBD (p = 0.014 and 0.031, respectively), correlated with tumor burden in CC (p < 0.001), and dropped sharply after CC resection. CC line SG231 secreted bioactive IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, a high serum level of IL-6 marks patients with CC and correlates with tumor burden both before and after resection. IL-6 levels are elevated in patients with other liver neoplasms and may distinguish patients with hepatic malignancies from those with benign disease.     

Protein S-100B as a serum marker of brain damage in severe head injury: preliminary results

The objective of our study was to investigate S-100B protein as a serum marker of brain cell damage after severe head injury. Eighty-three patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8) were included in this prospective study. Venous blood samples for S-100B protein were taken after admission and every 24 h for a maximum of 10 consecutive days. Outcome was assessed at 6 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In this study, we analysed the preliminary results from the outcomes of 25 patients at 6 months. Levels of S-100B were significantly higher in patients with unfavourable outcome compared to those with favourable outcome. In patients with favourable outcome, slightly increased initial levels of S-100B returned to normal within 3 to 4 days. In patients with unfavourable outcome, initial levels were markedly increased, with a tendency to decrease from day 1 to day 6. After day 6, there was a secondary increase in serum S-100B, indicating secondary brain cell damage. Our preliminary results suggest that serum S-100B protein might be a promising biochemical marker which may provide additional information on the extent of primary injury to the brain and the prediction of outcome after severe head injury. Received: 10 June 1999 / Accepted: 3 August 1999     

Computed tomography-estimated specific gravity of noncontused brain areas as a marker of severity in human traumatic brain injury

In this study, we assessed the relationship between brain estimated specific gravity (eSG) and clinical symptoms, therapeutic intensity level, and outcome in human traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain weight, volume, and eSG of the noncontused hemispheric areas were measured from computed tomography (CT) DICOM images on the initial (5 +/- 6 h) CT of 120 patients with severe TBI. Control values were obtained from 40 healthy patients. The eSG of the noncontused hemispheric areas was significantly higher in TBI patients than in controls. eSG was higher in patients having a Marshall CT classification of 3 or 4 or a low initial Glasgow coma score. Two groups were defined according to the eSG of the noncontused hemispheric areas: less than (n = 83, 69%) or more than (n = 37, 31%) the threshold of normality (defined as 1.96 sd above normal = 1.0355 g/mL). The occurrence of mydriasis, use of osmotherapy at the scene of the accident, and therapeutic intensity level were higher in the increased eSG group. The outcome at intensive care unit discharge was worse in patients with an increased eSG although the difference was no longer significant at 1 yr. eSG determination by CT analysis might be relevant in the early management of TBI.     

Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients with severe sepsis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and the effect of recombinant exogenous growth hormone (GH) on nitrogen production in patients with severe sepsis. It was designed as a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, and performed in the medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Twenty patients admitted with septic shock and receiving standard parenteral nutrition served as subjects. Treatment consisted of GH 0.1 mg/kg/day or placebo administered as continuous intravenous infusion on the second, third, and fourth days after admission. The study period was eight days. During GH administration, nitrogen production decreased significantly in the GH group and increased in controls (p < 0.01). Nitrogen balance became slightly positive in the GH group during treatment: 1.2 +/- 6.4 versus controls -3.7 +/- 3.8 g/day (day 3) (p < 0.05). Within 24 hours after cessation of treatment, differences between GH and controls disappeared. 3-Methylhistidine excretion as a measure of absolute muscle breakdown declined during the study period, but did not differ between groups. The levels of insulin, insulinlike growth factor 1, glycerol, free fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased during treatment. Despite continuous intravenous administration, GH levels gradually declined during the 3 treatment days, indicating increased metabolic clearance. Side effects other than insulin resistance were not observed. Growth hormone administration reduces nitrogen production and improves nitrogen balance in patients with severe sepsis. These effects are not sustained after cessation of treatment.     

Differences in arterial and mixed venous IL-6 levels: the lungs as a source of cytokine storm in sepsis

BACKGROUND: Several investigators have shown that blood levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) correlate with the severity of illness in critically ill or injured patients. However, little is known about differential arterial and venous blood levels of the cytokine, especially across the lungs. METHODS: We measured differences in IL-6 levels in pulmonary and systemic arterial blood and then documented the production or elimination of IL-6 by the lungs in 19 patients with severe illness. Prospective data were obtained from multiple, simultaneous systemic arterial (ART) and mixed venous (MV) blood samples that were drawn for IL-6 analysis from systemic arterial and pulmonary artery catheters in 7 patients awaiting vascular operation and in 12 trauma patients being treated in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: A lung disorder was present in 5 patients (pneumonia [n = 1], lung trauma [n = 4]) and absent in the remaining 14 patients. The following data were obtained (mean +/- SD) from the highest MV IL-6 levels (pg/mL) in each patient. In patients with a lung disorder (n = 5) compared with those with no disorder (n = 14), ART IL-6 was 9309 +/- 12,521 versus 134 +/- 128 (P =.010), MV IL-6 was 5516 +/- 7420 versus 137 +/- 129 (P =.011), the absolute difference was 3793 +/- 5271 versus -3 +/- 15 (P =.011), and the percentage difference was 37.4% +/- 29.8% versus 1.5% +/- 12.3% (P =.001). The ART and MV IL-6 levels tended to be much higher in the 5 patients with pneumonia (n = 1) and lung injuries (n = 4) than in the patients without apparent pulmonary problems. In addition, the patients with a primary lung disorder demonstrated a net increase in IL-6 levels across the lungs, whereas there was no increase, but rather, a net reduction of IL-6 levels across the lungs in patients without a lung disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The lung appears to be a major producer of IL-6 in patients with an inflammatory lung process. There is a 39% increase in the level of IL-6 as it passes through inflamed lung, producing a marked difference in ART and MV IL-6 levels. Normal lung demonstrated little effect on either ART or MV IL-6 levels.