Comparison of econazole and isoconazole as single dose treatment for vaginal candidosis.

In a single blind trial there was no significant difference between econazole (2 X 150 mg pessaries) and isoconazole (2 X 300 mg pessaries) given as a once only treatment for vaginal candidosis. Cure rates at 14 days were 70.4% for econazole and 77.6% for isoconazole, and at 28 days were 63.8% and 64.5% respectively. Though isoconazole was formulated for single dose usage, econazole was formulated for a regimen of one pessary a night for three nights.     

婴幼儿皮肤念珠菌病的致病菌株及药敏试验分析

目的 分析婴幼儿皮肤念珠菌病的致病菌种类及对抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法 收集皮肤念珠菌病患儿病例，对临床分离的致病菌进行常规菌种鉴定，采用琼脂稀释法（药基法）对临床分离的念珠菌进行6种药物（氟康唑、咪康唑、联苯苄唑、益康唑、克霉唑、制霉菌素）敏感性试验，选取9株白念珠菌临床菌株和1株白念珠菌标准菌株，参考NCCLS M27-A推荐的微量液体稀释法界定琼脂稀释法的药敏分界点，分析耐药性。结果 共收集75例皮肤念珠菌病病例，分离到的88株念珠菌均为白念珠菌，用琼脂稀释法所测的MIC范围是：氟康唑1 ～ 256 mg/L，咪康唑0.25 ～ 64 mg/L，联苯苄唑0.5 ～ 64 mg/L，益康唑0.25 ～ 32 mg/L，克霉唑1 ～ 64 mg/L，制霉菌素0.5 ～ 32 mg/L。临床株对唑类药物均有耐药株出现，氟康唑1株，克霉唑4株，益康唑3株，咪康唑5株，联苯苄唑9株。结论 婴幼儿皮肤念珠菌病主要由白念珠菌引起；白念珠菌对5种唑类药物均有耐药株出现，且有交叉耐药现象，对制霉菌素敏感。     

Therapy of opportunistic mycoses]

The author presents the drugs that are available for the treatment of opportunistic mycoses: amphotericin B, nystatin, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole and the newest imidazole derivative econazole. He presents his experience with econazole in 4 cases with deep mycoses. He speaks of the mode of application and the therapeutical limits of these products as well as of the favorable factors and the prophylactic measures to be taken.     

Treatment of pityriasis capitis (dandruff) with econazole nitrate.

63 patients of both sexes with pityriasis sicca or steatoides were examined for presence of Pityrosporum ovale on the scalp. Only those cases in which very numerous yeasts were seen in all squamae present in the preparation were considered positive. According to the severity or duration of pityriasis, 60% of the patients in this population represented severe cases and 38% refractory cases. A solution of econazole nitrate was applied as a spray, morning and evening, for a period of 10 to 20 days (mean). The overall assessment of the clinical effects of econazole nitrate indicated 56 favourable results, with complete disappearance of objective clinical signs in 47 cases; the course of pruritus proceeded roughly parallel with that of the objective signs. The mycological checking of the clinical results, performed at least 7 days after the conclusion of therapy, disclosed 6 failures and 57 successes. In 17 patients, the microscopic examination of squamae was complemented by culture before and after treatment: in all cases, the culture, positive before econazole nitrate therapy, became negative after treatment, thus confirming the results of direct examination. These data suggest that Pityrosporum ovale plays a pathogenetic part in pityriasis simplex capitis.     

The antibacterial efficacy of econazole nitrate in interdigital toe web infections

Twenty-four patients with severe interdigital toe web infections and no evidence of dermatophyte colonization received randomized treatment with either econazole nitrate (Spectazole) or its vehicle. Of the patients treated with econazole nitrate, 88% had good to excellent responses, whereas no patient treated with the vehicle showed improvement. The total aerobic flora in the econazole group decreased 93%, with decreases in the large-colony diphtheroids, lipophilic diphtheroids, and gram-negative bacteria. The results of this study demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of econazole nitrate makes it an effective agent for the treatment of severe interdigital bacterial infections uncomplicated by dermatophyte colonization.     

银屑病皮损鳞屑中两种微生物的检测及外用派瑞松效果

目的探讨银屑病发病与金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)、糠秕孢子菌感染的关系及观察外用派瑞松治疗效果。方法对银屑病病人皮损进行细菌培养及真菌真接镜检,并外用派瑞松治疗。结果银屑病患者金葡菌和糠秕孢子菌带菌率均高于正常对照(P<0.01;P<0.05),治疗后带菌率明显下降;治愈率和有效率分别为18.0%,72.0%。结论金葡菌、糠秕孢子菌在银屑病的发病和发展中起一定作用,派瑞松是治疗银屑病较好的药物之一。     

Comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole and exalamide against clinical isolates of dermatophytes

The in vitro antifungal activities of clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate, econazole nitrate, and exalamide against 64 clinical isolates of various dermatophyte species obtained from out-patients seen at the Nippon Medical School Hospital were simultaneously compared using a liquid microculture method. The rank order of activity against the 64 isolates of dermatophytes was clotrimazole > econazole nitrate > miconazole nitrate > exalamide. For a given antimycotic, the minimal inhibitory concentration was affected by the dermatophyte species.     

曲安奈德益康唑乳膏长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹

目的 探讨外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹的疗效、安全性及复发情况,以指导临床用药.方法 选取门诊局限性慢性湿疹患者,外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏短程治疗.症状积分下降指数(SSRI)≥190%的患者进入长疗程,随机分两组,分别外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏和润肤霜,间歇用药,共治疗8周.长疗程治疗4周、8周时及长疗程治疗停药12周时各随访1次.结果 长疗程治疗8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组SCORAD评分均显著低于润肤霜组(t值分别为3.076和2.367,P值均<0.05).长疗程治疗4周、8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组复发率均显著低于润肤霜组(x2值分别为4.426、7.683、8.199,P值均<0.05).治疗期间不良反应发生率3.1%,无严重不良事件.结论 外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇治疗慢性湿疹,有防止症状加重、延缓湿疹复发的作用.     

曲安奈德益康唑乳膏长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹

目的 探讨外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹的疗效、安全性及复发情况,以指导临床用药.方法 选取门诊局限性慢性湿疹患者,外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏短程治疗.症状积分下降指数(SSRI)≥190%的患者进入长疗程,随机分两组,分别外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏和润肤霜,间歇用药,共治疗8周.长疗程治疗4周、8周时及长疗程治疗停药12周时各随访1次.结果 长疗程治疗8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组SCORAD评分均显著低于润肤霜组(t值分别为3.076和2.367,P值均<0.05).长疗程治疗4周、8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组复发率均显著低于润肤霜组(x2值分别为4.426、7.683、8.199,P值均<0.05).治疗期间不良反应发生率3.1%,无严重不良事件.结论 外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇治疗慢性湿疹,有防止症状加重、延缓湿疹复发的作用.     

曲安奈德益康唑乳膏长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹

目的 探讨外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇疗法治疗局限性慢性湿疹的疗效、安全性及复发情况,以指导临床用药。方法 选取门诊局限性慢性湿疹患者,外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏短程治疗。症状积分下降指数（SSRI）≥90％的患者进入长疗程,随机分两组,分别外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏和润肤霜,间歇用药,共治疗8周。长疗程治疗4周、8周时及长疗程治疗停药12周时各随访1次。结果 长疗程治疗8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组SCORAD评分均显著低于润肤霜组（t值分别为3.076和2.367,P值均 < 0.05）。长疗程治疗4周、8周及停药12周时,曲安奈德益康唑组复发率均显著低于润肤霜组（χ2值分别为4.426、7.683、8.199,P值均 < 0.05）。治疗期间不良反应发生率3.1％,无严重不良事件。结论外用糖皮质激素长疗程间歇治疗慢性湿疹,有防止症状加重、延缓湿疹复发的作用。     

强力脉痔灵联合曲安奈德益康唑乳膏治疗肛周湿疹疗效观察

目的观察强力脉痔灵联合曲安奈德益康唑乳膏治疗肛周湿疹的临床疗效。方法采用随机法将99例患者分为两组,治疗组50例,予强力脉痔灵2片口服,同时外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏,均2次/d,连用3周。对照组49例,仅外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏,连用3周。两组均治疗结束时观察近期疗效,痊愈者随访3个月观察远期疗效。结果治疗组近期疗效有效率80.00%,对照组为71.43%,差异无显著性(P>0.05);痊愈病例随访3个月,治疗组复发率20.0%,对照组57.9%,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论强力脉痔灵联合曲安奈德益康唑乳膏治疗肛周湿疹疗效好。     

Vaginal pH and microflora related to yeast infections and treatment.

The relationship between vaginal pH, microflora, and yeast infection was investigated in 93 women randomly treated with either nystatin or miconazole pessaries and cream for two weeks. The vaginal pH was measured in a control group of 48 women. In the study group, 37 patients defaulted, 39 were cured, and 17 required treatment during the six-month follow-up period. In both study and control groups before and after treatment the mean vaginal pH was in the range of 4.3-4.6. Lactobacilli were plentiful in 78 (91%) out of 86 patients and shows that lactobacilli and yeasts commonly coexist. The influence of other organisms appeared to be negligible. The trial showed that nystatin and micromazole were equallly effective in the treatment of vaginal yeast infection and that the broad-spectrum activity of micronazole offered no advantage in this condition.     

丝塔芙润肤露在婴幼儿湿疹治疗中的辅助作用观察

目的了解丝塔芙润肤露联合曲安奈德益康唑乳膏(派瑞松)治疗婴儿湿疹的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照开放试验,联合治疗组初诊时外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏和丝塔芙润肤露,将两者分别涂于患处,2次/d。待皮疹痊愈后改单用丝塔芙润肤露维持治疗。派瑞松组单独外用曲安奈德益康唑乳膏,2次/d,待皮疹痊愈后改为1次/d。丝塔芙组单独外用丝塔芙润肤露,2次/d。各组均连用2周。于第1周、第2周和痊愈后1周分别回访记录皮疹情况。记录皮疹变化,对红斑、丘疹、鳞屑,瘙痒及面积的总积分进行评价。结果 1周后联合治疗组有效率和痊愈率分别为65.00%和46.25%,均高于单独使用丝塔芙组。在治疗2周后联合治疗组有效率和痊愈率分别为90.00%和68.75%,均高于单独应用派瑞松组与丝塔芙组,而单独使用派瑞松组与丝塔芙组有效率和痊愈率基本相当。结论丝塔芙润肤露在婴幼儿湿疹治疗具有较好的辅助治疗作用,在临床有一定的应用价值。     

In vitro and in vivo cutaneous penetration and antifungal activity of naftifine

The topical antifungal agent naftifine has shown considerable potency against a broad spectrum of dermatophytes. In this study, an in vitro penetration test in human cadaver skin and an in vivo tape-stripping test were used to evaluate the penetration and antifungal activity of naftifine gel 1 percent and naftifine cream 1 percent compared with other antifungal agents. In both models, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were the fungal species. Results show that naftifine gel 1 percent and naftifine cream 1 percent, in vitro and in vivo, penetrate the stratum corneum in concentrations that inhibit the growth of both fungal species. Following penetration in vitro, naftifine gel and cream were significantly more active against T. rubrum than econazole nitrate cream 1 percent. Following penetration in vivo, naftifine gel and cream were as active as econazole nitrate cream 1 percent and clotrimazole cream 1 percent against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes.     

Treatment of tinea pedis with econazole nitrate cream

This study investigated the clinical effectiveness and the long-term relapse rate of the topical imidazole, econazole nitrate, in the treatment of tinea pedis. Econazole nitrate cream was applied by twenty-two patients with tinea pedis for twenty-eight consecutive days. Therapy was then discontinued and patients were evaluated to determine the long-term relapse rate. Nineteen (86 percent) of the twenty-two patients were considered cured at the end of twenty-eight days of treatment. At the follow-up examinations, 74 percent of the group considered to be clinically cured at the end of therapy remained clear for one month, 84 percent for two months, and 63 percent for three months after stopping active treatment. These data demonstrate that econazole nitrate is a highly effective topical agent in the treatment of tinea pedis and that clinical and mycologic cures in almost two thirds of the patients last for at least three months.     

Electron microscopic aspects of opportunistic fungi after pretreatment]

The ultrastructive of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger was studied when treated in vitro with 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% econazole nitrate and econazole base. The very first morphological alterations appear faster than in normal-growing fungus and consist in a convoluted cytoplasmic membrane, large mesosomes and lomasomes and an extensive vacuolization. Acid phosphatase is found in the mesosomes and lomasomes and also in the center of the vacuoles. This is an early sign of fungus degradation.     

杭州地区220株外阴阴道念珠菌病的菌种鉴定及药敏试验分析

目的了解杭州地区外阴阴道念珠菌病的菌种类别及药物敏感性.方法采用常规念珠菌培养方法和API 20CAUX方法进行鉴定.药敏试验采用ATB FUNGUS方法.结果220例外阴阴道念珠菌病以白念珠菌为主,检出172例,占78.18%,其次光滑念珠菌17例,占7.73%.念珠菌对伊曲康唑、氟康唑、制霉菌素、两性霉素B、咪康唑、酮康唑、益康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感性分别为97.73%、96.82%、94.09%、88.64%、73.64%、66.82%、42.32%、23.64%.结论外阴阴道念珠菌病以白念珠菌感染为主,但与以往相比比率有所下降.检测的220株念珠菌对伊曲康唑、氟康唑、制霉菌素、两性霉素B敏感性高,对咪康唑、酮康唑、益康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶的耐药率高.     

高危人群阴道念珠菌带菌情况及抗真菌药物药敏分析

目的：为了解性病高危人群酵母菌的带菌情况和和对抗真菌药物的敏感性，方法：对167例特殊职业的性病高危女性人群进行了阴道分泌物涂片及培养检测，对分离出的临床菌株进行了8种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性检测。结果：性病高危女性人群中阴道念珠菌带菌率为12．1％，优势主要菌株仍以白念珠菌为主。结论：伊曲康唑、氟康唑，二性霉素B，制霉菌素，益康唑，酮康唑，咪康唑和5－氟胞啶的的药物敏感性显示，前4种均属高度敏感，后4种药物有不同程度的中度敏感与耐药。     

硝酸益康唑与六种抗菌药物体外抗菌活性的比较

目的评价硝酸益康唑(简称益康唑)的抗葡萄球菌效果。方法222株从湿疹及特应性皮炎患者皮损处分离出的葡萄球菌，采用肉汤稀释法测定对新霉素、红霉素、青霉素、头孢噻肟钠、环丙沙星及阿米卡星的最小抑菌浓度。结果对甲氧西林敏感的金葡菌的MIC50值，益康唑与新霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟钠相近，低于青霉素与红霉素。对甲氧西林耐药的金葡菌的MIC50明显低于其他6种抗菌药物。对甲氧西林敏感且凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的MIC50与阿米卡星、环丙沙星、青霉素相同，低于新霉素、头孢噻肟钠、红霉素。对甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的MIC50与阿米卡星、环丙沙星、青霉素、新霉素相近，低于头孢噻肟钠、红霉素。根据NCCLS标准显示：环丙沙星、青霉素、红霉素无论对金葡菌还是对凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药率均相当高。阿米卡星及头孢噻肟钠对甲氧西林敏感株的耐药率较低．但对甲氧西林耐药株高至50％1以上。益康唑的MIC50与MIC90值相近。而新霉素的MIC50与MIC90值相差很大，其MIC90值则远高于益康唑。结论益康唑对金葡菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌均有明显的抗菌效果。益康唑的MIC50与MIC90值相近，未出现对益康唑的耐药现象。