丙泊酚对肺癌患者围术期肿瘤微转移的影响

目的探讨丙泊酚对肺癌根治术患者围手术期微转移是否存在影响,为临床麻醉精准化用药提供参考依据。方法择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者40例,男21例,女19例,年龄30~65岁,BMI 20~30 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为丙泊酚静脉组(P组)和七氟醚吸入组(S组),每组20例。P组丙泊酚靶控浓度3~4μg/ml维持麻醉。S组持续吸入1.5%~2%七氟醚维持麻醉。两组均静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.4 ng/ml,手术开始后行单肺通气,手术全程维持BIS在40~60。分别于麻醉诱导前5 min(T0)、手术开始1 h(T1)、术毕即刻(T2)、术后24 h(T3),术后48 h(T4)监测HR、SBP、DBP,记录T0-T2时BIS,并于T0-T4时点抽取中心静脉血5 ml,采用PCR技术检测细胞角蛋白19(CK19),肺特异性X蛋白(LUNX)阳性表达,记录CK19和LUNX阳性表达情况。结果与T0时比较,T1时P组HR明显减慢(P<0.05)。T1时P组HR明显慢于S组(P<0.05)。不同时点两组内组间SBP和DBP差异均无统计学意义。T0-T2时两组BIS组内组间比较差异均无统计学意义。T3-T4时P组CK19和LUNX阳性表达率明显低于S组(P<0.05)。T0-T2时两组CK19和LUNX阳性表达率差异无统计学意义。结论围术期应用丙泊酚有助于降低肿瘤微转移指标阳性表达,从而降低围术期肿瘤细胞进入循环系统形成微转移的风险,可以优先考虑用于肿瘤患者的围术期麻醉用药。     

丙泊酚对异氟醚心肌预处理效应的影响

目的 评价在心脏直视手术中异氟醚是否具有处理效应及丙泊酚对异氟醚预处理效应的影响。方法 将30例择期行心脏直视手术的室间隔缺损（VSD）患者分为三组：异氟醚吸入组（Ⅰ组）、异氟醚吸入加丙泊酚输注组（Ⅱ组）和对照组（Ⅲ组）。分别于麻醉诱导平稳后（T1）、主动脉阻断时（T2）、主动脉阻断开放后30min（T3）采血检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）;分别于T2、T3、再灌注后3h（T4）及12h（T5）采血检测肌酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。结果 在T2时,与同期Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ组SOD活性降低（P〈0．05）,MDA含量升高（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ组SOD活性升高（P〈0．05）。T3时Ⅰ组SOD活性和MDA含量均低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。主动脉开放后的各个时点（T3、T4、T5）,三组的血清LDH活性和CK-MB活性均较T2时显著升高（P〈0．05）;Ⅰ组的LDH活性和CK-MB活性在T3、T4、T5时较Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组低（P〈0．05）。结论 心脏直视手术中缺血前吸入异氟醚对再灌注心肌具有一定保护作用。缺血前吸入异氟醚同时输注丙泊酚可能会减弱异氟醚对心肌的保护作用。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响

目的比较丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者外周血NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响。方法选择择期行舌癌根治术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄44~67岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组),每组20例。P组采用丙泊酚2.0~2.5mg/kg、瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉麻醉诱导,丙泊酚4~6mg·kg-1·h-1及瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注维持麻醉;S组采用8%七氟醚、新鲜气体流量5L/min吸入,瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉注射诱导,瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注及2%~3%七氟醚吸入维持麻醉。分别在麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、麻醉后1h(T1)、3h(T2)、5h(T3)、手术结束时(T4)、手术结束后24h(T5)、48h(T6)、72h(T7)采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定外周血NK细胞(CD3-CD16+56+)及B淋巴细胞(CD3-CD19+)百分比。结果与T0时比较,T1~T5时两组CD3-CD16+56+和CD3-CD19+百分比明显降低(P0.05),T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显降低(P0.05);T2~T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显低于P组(P0.05),两组各时点CD3-CD19+百分比差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚比较,丙泊酚可维持较高的NK细胞百分比,有利于维持舌癌根治术患者免疫功能。     

TNF-TNFR超家族T细胞协同刺激分子与器官移植研究进展

T细胞协同刺激通路在器官移植后的排斥反应中起着重要作用。目前已经发现的T细胞协同刺激通路有：CD28／CTLA-4：B7，ICOS：BTh，PDl：PD-L1／PD-L2，CD40：CD154，CD134：CD134L，4—1BB．4—1BBL，CD27：CD70，LIGHT：HVEM和CD30；CD153等。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对结直肠癌根治术患者缺氧诱导因子-1水平的影响

探讨丙泊酚与七氟醚对结直肠癌根治术患者围手术期血清缺氧诱导因子-1（hypoxia inducible factor-1, HIF-1）的影响。 方法 选择符合纳入标准结直肠癌根治术患者40例,采用随机数字表法分为两组：丙泊酚组（P组）和七氟醚组（S组）,每组20例。P组采用全凭静脉全身麻醉,常规静脉诱导,靶控输注（target-controlled infusion, TCI）丙泊酚,术中维持：瑞芬太尼TCI、丙泊酚TCI。S组采用静吸复合全身麻醉,常规静脉诱导,术中维持：瑞芬太尼TCI、七氟醚吸入。于麻醉前30 min（T0）、手术结束即刻（T1）、术后24 h（T2）时采集患者颈内静脉血样4 ml,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测HIF-1血清浓度。 结果 P组T1时点HIF-1浓度小于T0时点,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。S组T1时点HIF-1浓度大于T0时点,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与P组比较,S组T1时点HIF-1浓度升高（P＜0.05）。 结论 丙泊酚可以使结直肠癌患者血清HIF？蛳1的浓度降低,而七氟醚上调其表达水平,提示丙泊酚更适用于此类患者,对肿瘤后期治疗及康复有意义。     

TNF-TNFR超家族T细胞协同刺激分子与器官移植研究进展

T细胞协同刺激通路在器官移植后的排斥反应中起着重要作用。目前已经发现的T细胞协同刺激通路有:CD28/CTLA-4:B7,ICOS:B7h,PD1:PD-L1/PD-L2,CD40:CD154,CD134:CD134L,4-1BB:4-1BBL,CD27:CD70,LIGHT:HVEM和CD30:CD153等。     

丙泊酚和异氟醚对支气管粘液运输速度的影响

目的　观察丙泊酚静脉麻醉和异氟醚吸入麻醉对人支气管粘液运输速度的影响。方法　选择 4 0例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级病人 ,随机分两组 ,每组 2 0例。异氟醚组吸入 2MAC异氟醚 ,丙泊酚组静脉丙泊酚麻醉 ,两组病人分别在机械通气 1 0和 6 0min后 ,测量支气管粘液运输速度。方法是在小儿支气管镜直视下 ,在左主支气管背部粘膜上方注射亚甲蓝 ,标记染料在 0、2、4、6min的移动距离 ,计算支气管粘液运输速度。结果　异氟醚组机械通气 1 0和 6 0min后的测量值分别为 (1 4 1 0±1 4 5 )mm/min和 (1 0 1 0± 2 0 0 )mm/min ,通气 6 0min较 1 0min粘液运输速度显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;丙泊酚组 1 0和 6 0min的测量值分别为 (1 4 1 0± 1 6 3)mm/min和 (1 4 70± 1 4 6 )mm/min ,通气 6 0min较 1 0min粘液运输速度上升 ,但无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。两组在机械通气 1 0min后 ,差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在 6 0min后 ,分别为 (1 4 70± 1 4 6 )mm/min和 (1 0 1 0± 2 0 0 )mm/min ,丙泊酚组运输速度显著高于异氟醚 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　异氟醚抑制支气管粘液的运输速度 ;丙泊酚静脉麻醉加快粘液运输速度 ,有保护气道粘膜的作用     

丙泊酚和异氟醚对脑肿瘤患者围手术期血清NO、NOS、MDA的影响

目的观察脑肿瘤患者围手术期丙泊酚靶控输注和异氟醚静吸复合麻醉血清一氧化氮(NO)、NO合酶(NOS)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度的变化,比较两种麻醉方式对氧化损伤的影响。方法选择脑胶质瘤和脑膜瘤患者40例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为异氟醚组(I组,n=19)和丙泊酚组(P组,n=21)。另设健康志愿者20人为对照组(N组)。气管插管后行机械通气,O2/N2O1∶1吸入。I组异氟醚1·5%~2%吸入,P组1%丙泊酚每50ml加入芬太尼0·2mg,靶控输注浓度为3~4μg/ml。间断静注维库溴铵40μg/kg维持肌松。监测HR、BP、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、中心静脉压、血糖、血气,维持SpO2在98%以上。N组清晨空腹抽取静脉血5ml,P组与I组于麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后1h(T1)、开颅后1h(T2)、3h(T3)、6h(T4)、24h(T5)分别抽取静脉血5ml,离心处理待测。结果与N组相比,P组、I组T0时NO、NOS、MDA浓度显著升高(P<0·05);P组NO于T4、T5时以及NOS、MDA于T5时较T0时均显著降低(P<0·05);与I组相比,P组在T3、T4、T5时NO、NOS、MDA浓度显著降低(P<0·05)。结论丙泊酚靶控麻醉同异氟醚麻醉相比,能够显著地减轻脑肿瘤患者围手术期存在的氧化损伤。     

七氟醚和丙泊酚对HIV感染患者外周静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨七氟醚和丙泊酚全身麻醉对HIV感染患者外周静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选择全麻下接受妇科及结肠肿瘤手术的HIV感染患者28例,男16例,女12例,年龄28～65岁,体重50～75 kg,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。随机分为两组:七氟醚组(S组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组14例。S组术中持续吸入2%～4%七氟醚,P组持续静脉注射丙泊酚3～6 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),两组均泵注瑞芬太尼0.4～0.6μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),调节麻醉深度,维持术中BIS值在40～60。分别于麻醉前30 min(T_0)、气管插管时(T_1)、切皮时(T_2)、手术结束时(T_3)及拔管时(T_4)记录患者生命体征和BIS值以及手术时间和术中出入量。分别于T_0、T_3、术后24 h(T_5)及术后3 d(T_6)抽取患者外周静脉血,检测T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+)的含量,计算CD4~+/CD8~+比值,并检测T_0、T_5和T_6时HIV病毒载量。结果与T_0时比较,T_3时两组外周静脉血CD3~+、CD4~+含量和CD4~+/CD8~+比值明显降低,CD8~+含量明显增加(P0.05)。与P组比较,T_3、T_5时S组CD3~+、CD4~+含量和CD4~+/CD8~+比值明显增高,CD8~+含量明显降低(P0.05)。两组HIV病毒载量差异无统计学意义。结论相同麻醉深度下,与丙泊酚比较,七氟醚全身麻醉对HIV感染患者T淋巴细胞亚群抑制较轻且恢复较快。     

可诱导共刺激分子基因表达抑制降低大鼠T淋巴细胞活化增殖能力的研究

目的 RNAi抑制大鼠T淋巴细胞可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)基因表达,观察其对T淋巴细胞功能的影响.方法 选择4个干扰位点,插入pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo载体,转染大鼠淋巴细胞.RT-PCR检测ICOS基因的抑制程度,流式检测ICOS表达变化.MLR检测细胞的增殖能力,ELISA法检测细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4分泌水平.结果 转染后,T淋巴细胞ICOS的mRNA和ICOS分子表达水平下降(P＜0.05),淋巴细胞增殖能力明显降低,同时IFN-γ和IL-4的水平也减低.结论 大鼠淋巴细胞ICOS基因的表达抑制,降低了T淋巴细胞活化增殖能力.     

Effect of delays on prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: The effect of delay on survival in lung cancer remains uncertain. It is suggested that prompt management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can influence prognosis. This study was undertaken to examine the relation between delay and prognosis in patients with NSCLC and to investigate the delay time from first symptom and from first hospital visit to start of treatment. METHODS: Two types of delay (symptom to treatment delay and hospital delay) were investigated in 466 patients treated for NSCLC at two institutions in central Sweden. Delays in relation to clinical characteristics were compared and the effects of delay times and other relevant factors on survival were assessed in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Thirty five per cent of patients received treatment within 4 weeks of the first hospital visit and 52% within 6 weeks. Median symptom to treatment delay was 4.6 months and median hospital delay 1.6 months. Older age, advanced tumour stage, and non-surgical treatment were independently related to poor survival. Both prolonged hospital delay and symptom to treatment delay provided additional information when considered separately. In a final multivariate model only increased symptom to treatment delay gave significant information of a better prognosis. There was an association between a short delay and a poor prognosis which was most pronounced in patients with advanced disease. CONCLUSION: When considering the whole study population and all stages of tumour together, shorter delay was associated with a poorer prognosis. This is likely to reflect the fact that patients with severe signs and symptoms receive prompt treatment. These findings indicate that the waiting time for treatment in patients with NSCLC is longer than recommended.     

Results of surgical treatment of patients with T3 non-small cell lung cancer

Sixty-one patients with T3 non-small cell lung cancer were surgically treated in our department from February, 1974, through April, 1986. The overall 5-year survival, excluding patients with pleurisy, was 23%, and the 5-year survival for patients undergoing complete resection and incomplete resection was 42% and 10%, respectively (p less than 0.01). Survival in patients with T3 N0 and T3 N1 or N2 disease was 33% and 0 at 5 years, respectively. The prognosis for patients with pleurisy was poor, and all died within 3 years. Therefore, complete lung resection should be done in patients with T3 N0 non-small cell lung cancer if complete resection is expected. Long-term survival is less likely for patients with lymph node metastases if complete resection cannot be performed.     

非小细胞肺癌K-ras突变小分子对吉非替尼耐药细胞的作用

目的 观察针对K-ras突变小分子NSC-741909是否可特异性杀伤吉非替尼原发耐药细胞,并探讨其机制.方法 选取吉非替尼耐药细胞;观察NSC-741909作用后细胞增殖与凋亡的变化;共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架改变;Western blot检测K-ras、JNK、P-JNK的改变.结果 NSC-741909可使耐药细胞在作用24 h后,在1 μmol/L和2 μmol/L时,FITC-A+/PE-A+细胞增加至(6.9±0.6)%和(21.1±3.2)%(P＜0.01);作用30 min后,K-ras表达在2 h下降达70%;p-JNK表达增加,并持续至少15 h,而总JNK蛋白表达无改变;细胞骨架蛋白F-actin呈稀疏、不规则、发散状排列.结论 针对K-ras突变的小分子NSC-741909可特异性杀伤吉非替尼原发耐药细胞,这是通过持续激活JNK途径从而导致细胞凋亡实现的.

Abstract：

Objective To study whether a recently identified novel anticancer agent NSC-741909 can suppresses the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cell line ( NSCLC) which has primary resistance to Gefitinib and explore its molecular mechanisms. Methods Select NSCLC cell line which is resistant to Gefitinib. Observe the cell growth supression effect of NSC-741909 to the cell line, apoptosis and actin cytoskeleton changement. Observe K-ras, JNK, p-JNK protein expression by Western blotting. Results NSC-741909 can induce apoptosis of Gefitinib resistant cell lines at 24 h. At that time point, FITC-A +/ PE-A + increased to (6. 9 ±0.6)% and (21. 1 ±3.2)% (P ＜0. 01) at 1 and 2 μmol/L;K-ras protein decreased to 70% at 2 h; p-JNK expression was increased and lasted for at least 15 h and total JNK remained the same. Cell cytoskeleton F-actin presented as loose, irregular and radiation arrangement. Conclusion NSC-741909 which supress the mutant K-ras expression can induce the apoptosis of the NSCLC which is primary resistant to Gefitinib. This inhibition was mediated by sustained JNK activation.     

二甲双胍对可切除非小细胞肺癌患者远期生存的影响

目的探讨二甲双胍对可切除非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）合并2型糖尿病患者预后的影响。 方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年12月177例可切除的NSCLC合并2型糖尿病患者临床病理资料。 结果全组患者中位生存期和第1、3、5年生存率分别为47.0个月和87.3%、54.7%、22.6%。二甲双胍组中位生存期和第1、3、5年生存率分别为49.0个月和93.7%、67.0%、32.3%,非二甲双胍组中位生存期和第1、3、5年生存率分别为42.0个月和85.7%、53.4%、18.7%。单因素分析发现,二甲双胍、TNM分期、辅助化疗与辅助放疗与预后显著相关（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,二甲双胍和TNM分期是影响可切除NSCLC合并2型糖尿病患者预后的独立因素（P<0.05）。 结论服用二甲双胍的可切除的NSCLC合并2型糖尿病患者远期生存更好。     

手术切除T4期肺癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨外科手术切除侵犯心脏、大血管和气管隆凸的T4期肺癌的预后和手术适应证。方法回顾性总结1988至2000年手术切除的151例T4期肺癌（心脏大血管成形术130例，隆凸成形术21例）病人资料，对可能影响其生存率的各种临床、病理、治疗等因素进行分析，并与同期112例手术切除的T3N1M0肺癌病人进行预后比较。结果全组无手术死亡病例，术后并发症发生率为43％。术后中位生存时间26．1个月，1年、3年、5年生存率分别为73．5％、33．1％和16．6％。单因素分析表明，病人预后与年龄、肺切除范围、有无淋巴结转移、是否根治性切除及是否行新辅助化疗有关（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果表明，肺切除范围、有无淋巴结转移、是否根治性切除是影响总生存率的独立预后因素（P〈0．05）。T4N0M0与同期T3N1M0病人5年生存率分别为38．6％、16．1％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0383），而术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对于侵犯心脏、大血管和隆凸的T4期肺癌，正确选择病例和良好的手术技术确保完整切除局部肿瘤，也能取得较满意的临床疗效。尤其是对以局部浸润为主而无淋巴结转移的T4期肺癌，手术疗效优于有淋巴结转移的，13期肺癌。新辅助化疗有助于延长术后生存期。     

Effect of preoperative delay on prognosis for patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE: Screening for lung cancer will discover many nodules of indeterminate pathology. Observation has the theoretic risk of permitting dissemination of a localized cancer and worsening prognosis, whereas immediate evaluation of benign conditions generates morbidity and cost. This study was conducted to assess the effect of delay in surgical intervention on survival for patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Records for patients with resected pathologic stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (1989-1999) were abstracted for patient age, race, sex, medical history, date of presentation, date and type of surgical treatment, pathologic stage, and date of death or last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to test for the effect of delay (time from presentation to surgical intervention) on survival. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were identified. Median age was 66 years, median preoperative interval was 82 days (range, 1-641 days), and median follow-up was 3.3 years (range, 5 days-11.9 years). Median survival was 3.7 years. Overall 5-year survival was 40%; disease-specific 5-year survival was 63%. Log-rank analysis of the effect of delay on overall survival generated a P value of.54, with an estimated hazard ratio for a 90-day delay of 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.30). CONCLUSIONS: For this population, we were unable to detect a significant effect of delay on prognosis. Although these results suggest that the risk of judicious observation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules might be low, the 95% confidence interval is broad. Larger sample sizes are needed to reach definitive conclusions.     

Effect of pre-mixed lidocaine with propofol on propofol injection pain in elderly patients

The purpose of this study was to compare the younger and older patients in the incidence and the severity of the pain during injection of propofol. Thirty-four, elderly patients (60-80-yr-old) and 52 patients (20-40-yr-old) scheduled to undergo elective surgery were studied. We conducted a prospective, randomized and double-blinded trial. All patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups according to the agents added to 1% propofol 20 ml; Group S, normal saline 2 ml, and Group L, 2% lidocaine 2 ml. The pain on injection was rated as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Seventy percent of patients in the S group of elderly patients experienced pain, while 22% of patients experienced pain in the L group in elderly patients. The incidence of pain on injection in the S group of older patients was comparable with S group of younger patients. The severity of pain in elderly patients was significantly decreased after premixing with lidocaine. There were no significant differences between older and younger patients in the severity of propofol injection pain in both S group and L group. In conclusion, elderly patients suffered the pain on injection of propofol with the same incidence as the younger patients did. Lidocaine premixed with propofol significantly reduces the incidence and the severity of pain associated with propofol in elderly patients.     

异丙酚对急性肺栓塞大鼠肺细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对急性肺栓塞大鼠肺细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠40只,体重280～300 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、急性肺栓塞组(APTE组)、异丙酚4 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 组(P1组)、异丙酚8 mg·kg-1 ·h- 1组(P2组)和异丙酚16 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 组(P3组).取尾静脉血样0.2 ml,37℃水浴箱内过夜,分割成直径1 mm ,长5 mm的栓子,颈静脉注射混有15个栓子的2 ml生理盐水制备大鼠肺栓塞模型.S组静脉输注生理盐水2 ml/h 4 h;APTE组、P1组、P2组和P3组制备肺栓塞模型,然后APTE组静脉输注5%葡萄糖2 ml/h4 h,P1 组、P2组和P3组分别静脉输注异丙酚4、8、16 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 (用5%葡萄糖稀释至2 m1)4 h.给药结束后,处死大鼠,取肺组织,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,计算细胞凋亡率,采用RT-PCR法检测caspase-3、Bcl-2、Box、Fas和FasL的mRNA表达水平,采用Western blot法检测caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、Fas和FasL的蛋白表达水平,计算Bcl-2/Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达比值.结果 与S组比较,AVIE组、P1组、P2组和P3 组肺组织细胞凋亡率升高,caspase-3、Bax、Fas、FasL的mRNA和蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2/Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达比值降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与APTE组比较,P1组、P2组和P3 组肺组织细胞凋亡率降低,caspase-3、Bax、Fas、FasL的mRNA和蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达比值升高(P＜0.05或0.01);P.组、P2组和P3组间肺组织细胞凋亡率、caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、 FasL的mRNA和蛋白表达、Bcl-2/Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达比值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 异丙酚可抑制急性肺栓塞大鼠肺细胞凋亡,其机制与下调肺组织caspase-3、Fas和FasL的表达,调节Bcl-2/Bax的平衡有关.     

Effect of thoracotomy and lung resection on exercise capacity in patients with lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Resection is the treatment of choice for lung cancer, but may cause impaired cardiopulmonary function with an adverse effect on quality of life. Few studies have considered the effects of thoracotomy alone on lung function, and whether the operation itself can impair subsequent exercise capacity. METHODS: Patients being considered for lung resection (n = 106) underwent full static and dynamic pulmonary function testing which was repeated 3-6 months after surgery (n = 53). RESULTS: Thoracotomy alone (n = 13) produced a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; mean (SE) 2.10 (0.16) versus 1.87 (0.15) l; p<0.05). Wedge resection (n = 13) produced a non-significant reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) only. Lobectomy (n = 14) reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), TLC, and carbon monoxide transfer factor but exercise capacity was unchanged. Only pneumonectomy (n = 13) reduced exercise capacity by 28% (PVO2 23.9 (1.5) versus 17.2 (1.7) ml/min/kg; difference (95% CI) 6.72 (3.15 to 10.28); p<0.01) and three patients changed from a cardiac limitation to exercise before pneumonectomy to pulmonary limitation afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Neither thoracotomy alone nor limited lung resection has a significant effect on exercise capacity. Only pneumonectomy is associated with impaired exercise performance, and then perhaps not as much as might be expected.     

异丙酚对急性肺栓塞大鼠肺细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on lung cell apoptosis induced by acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) .Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 280-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 8 each) : group Ⅰ sham operation ( group S) ; group ⅡAPTE and 3 propofol groups ( group P1-3). APTE was produced by iv injection of auto-blood clots. Venous blood 0.2 ml was obtained from rat tail vein and placed in a sterile test tube which was kept in water bath at 37 ℃ overnight. The blood clot was cut into thrombi ( diameter 1 mm, length 5 mm) the next day. Fifteen thrombi in 2 ml of normal saline were injected into immediately after iv injection of auto-bloed clots. The animals were killed at the end of 4 h propofol infusion and lung specimens were obtained for determination of lung cell apoptosis rate by flow eytometry and expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, FasL mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA and protein was calculated. Results Compared with group S,APTE significantly increased the lung cell apoptosis rate, and expression of caspase-3, Bax, Fas, FasL and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax. Propofol infusion significantly attenuated these APTE-induced changes. Conclusion Propofol can inhibit APTE-induced lung cell apoptosis by down-regulating the caspase-3, Fas and FasL expression and regulating the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax expression.