墨西哥利什曼原虫无鞭毛体超微结构研究

从感染墨西哥利什曼原虫的仓鼠的肿大趾跖部位,切取病变组织,电镜观察原虫形态。无鞭毛体平均长度3.64μm。表膜分内外两层。膜下微管中心间距55.2nm。膜下微管总数约100～110根。鞭毛袋内藏鞭毛。鞭毛从基体发出。基体后部鞭毛公式为“9×2+O”,前部为“9×2+2”。动基体腊肠状。内腔中有高度弯曲的DNA纤丝。动基体有时与线粒体相连,表明前者具线粒体功能。墨西哥利什曼原虫的超微结构,与其他利什曼原虫相似。但原虫长度、膜下微管中心间距及膜下微管数有一定区别,可能为利什曼原虫的虫种鉴定提供线索。     

利用SSU rRNA分子探讨中国利什曼原虫分子系统发育学

目的利用SSU rRNA分子探讨中国利什曼原虫基因多态性及其分子系统发育学。方法采用PCR法获得中国不同地区利什曼原虫SSU rDNA,通过Clustal X软件比对序列碱基,构建贝叶斯进化树。结果中国不同地区流行利什曼原虫分属于不同的支序,在中国除了有杜氏利什曼原虫外,还有热带利什曼原虫和一支在国际上还没有定种的未定种存在。结论在中国有未定种利什曼原虫存在。     

内蒙古额济纳旗大沙鼠和蜥蜴体内的利什曼原虫及其媒介的调查研究

现场调查结果表明:内蒙古额济纳旗大沙鼠和蜥蜴均自然感染了利什曼原虫;感染原虫的大沙鼠耳组织无溃疡;该原虫虫体比其它利什曼原虫大,对小鼠不致病。但能在黑线仓鼠睾丸的塞氏细胞内繁殖;蒙古白蛉和安氏白蛉是大沙鼠利什曼原虫的主要传播媒介,微小白蛉新疆亚种为蜥蜴利什曼原虫的媒介;未发现当地居民有皮肤利什曼病,提示大沙鼠利什曼原虫对人类无致病作用。     

杜氏利什曼原虫39KD抗原基因同源性分析

目的：确定杜氏利什曼原虫39KD抗原基因的基因分析与同源性。方法：以杜氏利什曼原虫39KD抗原基因为探针,与不同种株的利什曼原虫进行Southem杂交,确定不同种株的利什曼原虫该基因的变化,并将该基因序列测定后,进行DNA序列数据库检索,分析其同源性,并进行数据库登记。结果：杜氏利什曼原虫不同地域株及婴儿利什曼原虫基因组中均含有该基因,并且无明显定位变化,整个基因在DNA数据库中无完全DNA同源序列,在GenBanK中的序列号为3280。结论：该抗原基因是利什曼原虫保守基因。     

中国黑热病利什曼虫种的初步探讨

对4株分离自甘肃、山东及陕西流行区黑热病患者及1株分离自北京郊区流行区的一只貉的利什曼原虫,应用同功酶电泳方法进行初步鉴定,分别属于杜氏利什曼原虫及婴儿利什曼原虫。     

利什曼原虫的感染及免疫

<正> 利什曼原虫无鞭毛体寄生于人体巨噬细胞中,有效地逃避了机体免疫系统对它的作用,引起人的利什曼病。长期以来,学者们对利什曼原虫侵入人体后,原虫与人体的相互作用,特别是与机体免疫系统的相互作用,进行了大量的研究和观察,1975年Zuckerman 曾对此做过详细的综述。然而,到目前为止,对利什曼原虫寄生后,引起的一系列免疫系统的特殊反应,以及利什曼原虫免疫逃避机理,还没有一个十分完     

用分子杂交技术分析不同种株利什曼原虫动基体DNA同源性

用~(32)P和生物素标记利什曼原虫动基体DNA(k-DNA),以Southern 杂交法分析了杜氏利什曼原虫四川人分离株(四川人株),四川犬分离株(四川犬株)及蜥蜴利什曼原虫k-DNA微环同源性。结果表明,形态上不能区别的利什曼原虫k-DNA 微环同源程度有种和株水平的差异。用电镜观察四川人株和四川犬株k-DNA 网,测得两者微环周长相同。     

利什曼原虫无鞭体超微结构研究(貉虫株的进一步研究)

我们对利什曼原虫特别是对从貉分离的利什曼原虫无鞭体进行了超微结构的研究,并与文献资料进行对比,初步认为与杜氏利什曼原虫群相似,并首次报道在其胞浆中发现的“包函体”样结构。     

利什曼原虫疫苗的研究现状与进展

利什曼原虫病是一种由利什曼原虫引起的传染性寄生虫病，广泛分布于全世界的热带和亚热带地区，影响数百万人的健康。近年来利什曼原虫病有增加趋势。它可分为三个类型：即皮肤型，皮肤黏膜型和内脏型。只有皮肤型能自愈，其他两型的自然感染过程导致严重的后果。该病痊愈后能产生稳固的免疫力，为用疫苗防治利什曼原虫病提供了前提条件。本文陈述了各类利什曼原虫疫苗的研究过程和成果以及存在的问题。     

光敏生物素标记k-DNA打点杂交鉴定利什曼原虫种株

用光敏生物素标记利什曼原虫动基体DNA(k-DNA),以打点杂交鉴定利什曼原虫。结果表明,在前鞭毛体数为10~4～10~5时,此法能显示出利什曼原虫不同的种和株间有明显的区别,并且发现采自国内黑热病流行病学特征不同的地区的虫株间k-DNA 在同源程度上存在差异,但用传统分类法则无法加以鉴别。此法为快速、简便地鉴定利什曼原虫及诊断黑热病提供了新的途径。     

新疆喀什地区利什曼原虫人群感染率调查

目的了解现阶段新疆喀什地区人群利什曼原虫感染现状,为制定防治规划提供依据。比较PCR和ELISA检测利什曼原虫无症状感染的效能。方法选取2009年9月新疆喀什地区黑热病流行严重的1县3乡四个调查点,在当地疾病预防控制中心的帮助下,采集黑热病患者及其家属和邻居的血液样品,分别编号,每份血样分抗凝血和非抗凝血。采用ELISA方法检测血清中利什曼原虫特异性抗体;用两组PCR引物RV1、RV2和K13A、K13B检测血样中利什曼原虫特异DNA片段。结果PCR法阳性检出率为82．67％,ELISA法阳性检出率为69．33％。结论现阶段新疆喀什地区黑热病感染率仍然颇高,尤其表现在与患者密切接触的的患者家属和邻居;PCR是检测无症状感染较敏感的方法。     

Alteration of serum copper in Kala-azar patients during SAG therapy

We conducted an analytic case-control study in Kala-azar patients during Sodium Antimony Gluconate (SAG) therapy to assess the changes in serum copper. A total of 89 subjects were included in the study. Diagnosed patients of Kala-azar with parasitological evidence of Leishmania Donovani (LD) bodies in bone marrow, were selected as cases (n=54). They were selected from Medicine and Paediatric wards of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and nearby Fulbaria upazila of Mymensingh district. Physically healthy volunteers of similar age, sex and body mass index (BMI) as cases, were included in control group (n=35). The study period was from July 2003 to June 2004. SAG was given intramuscularly (20 mg/kg/day) to Kala-azar patients for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from controls, Kala-azar cases before therapy and same cases during 15-20 days of SAG therapy. Serum copper was higher in cases before therapy than those of controls (p<0.001). However, serum copper reduced significantly (p<0.001) during SAG therapy. So biochemical monitoring may be considered in the management of the disease.     

SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND FLAGELLATION OF LEISHMANIA DONOVANI IN THE PRESENCE OF CONTAMINATION WITH BACTERIA

Department of Medicine. Peiping Union Medical College. Peiping. Oiina. The presence of iable and infective Leishmania donovatai in the oral and na_al secretions of thirteen out of fourteen patients suffering from Kala-azar (1,2) has led us to alter our concept concerning the re- sistance of this parasite to bacterial contamination. The accepted be- lief that Leishmania donovani is a delicate organism and that it cannot survive in the presence of common bacteria wa. challenged by our stu- dies on patients suffering from kala-azar. The experiments reported in this communication were designed to test more specifically the exact relationship which exists in vitro between Leishmania donovani and some of the common bacteria with which they may be associated in the mammalian host.     

人ⅡA型磷脂酶A2的cDNA顺序与婴儿利什曼原虫DNA相似性分析

目的：了解人ⅡA型磷脂酶A2cDNA顺序和婴儿利什曼原虫DNA相似性的情况和原因。方法：利用BLAST工具,以人ⅡA型磷脂酶cDNA顺序中的片段对核酸数据库进行搜寻和比对,将获得的一致性片段进行收集、整理并分析、汇总利什曼原虫DNA的相关信息。结果：发现人ⅡA型磷脂酶A2cDNA与婴儿利什曼原虫DNA之间具有9个完全一致序列（≥16bp）,这些序列集中分布于利什曼原虫36条染色体的29、30号染色体上。结论：人ⅡA型磷脂酶cDNA顺序与婴儿利什曼原虫DNA片段之间具有一致性,可能与基因由原虫向人的横向传递有关。     

Cloning and sequence analysis of an amastin coding gene from Leishmania major Abdou

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Identification of Leishmania donovani isolates from different kala-azar foci in China by kDNA hybridization.

kDNA sequence homology of Leishmania donovani isolates from three types of kala-azar foci in China were analyzed by using dot and Southern hybridization with biotin- and 32P-labelled probes. The results revealed kDNA sequence heterogeneity among Leishmania donovani isolates from the three kala-azar foci: sequence homology between isolates of hill and desert foci was higher than that between hill and plain foci isolates. The kDNA hybridization technique was also found to be specific and sensitive for direct identification of Leishmania in animal tissues. In a preliminary survey, kDNA hybridization of cutaneous tissue blots of 71 dogs from endemic regions showed a positive rate of 40.8%, and the rate of double positive cases (touch blot hybridization and bone marrow smear) reached 91.3%. The direct identification of Leishmania in tissues by kDNA hybridization seems to be a useful and convenient method for epidemiological study and clinical diagnosis, especially for species/strain characterization.     

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON NEOSTIBOSAN IN THE TREATMENT OF KALA-AZAR IN CHINESE HAMSTERS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY IN HAMSTERS CURED OF THE INFECTION

Ir] a previous communication (1) it was shown that Chinese hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani can be cured of the infection by neostibosan. FolIowing a total dose of 5 t0 7 gm per kilo body weight, all th~ 6 hamsters wliich had survived the course of treatment, showed no parasites in smears made from the liver and spleen either by puncture or at autopsy, and they were all aPParently cured. However, by emulsifying each spIeen and inoculating this emulsion into a number of normal hamsters, it was found that only 3 of the 6 apparently cured hamsters were actualN cured, as the spleen emulsion prepared from 3 0f them was still capable of causing kala- azar in normaI hamsters.     

LEISHMANIA INFECTIO.N OF HAMSTERS AND RABBITS BY THE INTRATESTICULAR ROUTE

In connection with certain studies on Leishmania infection in ex- perimental animals, it occurred to us that the hitherto unexplored intratesticular route might be utilized with greater advantage than the intraperitoneal route usually empIoyed. As the results present certain interesting features, a preliminary note is hereby communicated.     

甘肃省文县、迭部县家犬感染利什曼原虫危险因素研究

目的 了解甘肃省黑热病流行区犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素,为探索犬源型黑热病防控新方法提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法 确定文县兴隆村和迭部县洛大村为研究点。入户调查家犬的基本状况和症状体征,采集犬血并用PCR方法开展检测。运用IBM SPSS 23.0、Pearson χ²检验和多元Logistic回归方法评估犬的基本情况、临床症状和阳性感染犬之间的影响关系,筛选犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素。结果 共调查2县家犬537只,利什曼原虫PCR 检测阳性率41.15%（221/537）。单因素回归显示豢养方式（χ²=12.357,P<0.05）、精神是/否活跃（χ²=11.883,P<0.05）、眼睑有/无分泌物（χ²=4.314,P<0.05）和趾甲是/否增长（χ²=37.292,P<0.05）4个变量与犬感染利什曼原虫差异有统计学意义。犬的性别、犬龄、身高、体重、品种、犬毛长短6个变量之间与犬感染利什曼原虫差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归显示：犬的豢养方式[OR=3.051,CI=（0.965~9.645）]与犬感染利什曼原虫存在显著的相关性。结论 在甘肃省文县、迭部县存在大量利什曼原虫感染犬,犬放养是当地家犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素,应加大群众防治黑热病意识,改善管理犬只方式,疾控部门加强犬监测,对有症状犬采取淘汰措施,减少黑热病传染源。