可乐定对吗啡硬膜外病人自控镇痛效果的影响

目的观察可乐定对硬膜外吗啡病人自控镇痛临床效果的影响。方法54例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级硬膜外麻醉下全宫切除术病人,随机分为三组,镇痛液分别为:C0组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml,C1组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml+可乐定1μg/ml,C2组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml+可乐定2μg/ml。PCA泵设置均相同。术后疼痛视觉模拟评分3分时启动PCA,监测镇痛的第4、8、16、24小时视觉模拟评分、警觉/镇静评分、血压、心率、总用药量等资料。结果所有病人麻醉效果满意,组间布比卡因用量、术后平均动脉压和心率变化均无统计学差异。三组病人24小时吗啡/可乐定的用量为C0组(3.3±0.6)mg/0μg、C1组(3.3±0.6)mg/(33.4±8.5)μg和C2组(3.3±0.6)mg/(65.5±11.6)μg,吗啡剂量组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。疼痛视觉模拟评分≤3比例C0组(86.7%)显著性低于C1组(95.0%)和C2组(98.7%),警觉/镇静评分≤4级比例N0组最低,C2组最高,镇痛期间呕吐的发生率分别为C0组16.7%、C1组22.2%和C2组16.7%,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外腔1～2μg/ml可乐定可改善吗啡术后镇痛效果,并具有与其剂量有关的镇静和降低呕吐发生率的作用。     

咪达唑仑联合芬太尼应用于全子宫切除术围术期效果分析

目的 观察咪达唑仑联合芬太尼对全子宫切除患者术中牵拉反应、镇静程度及术后疼痛感受与睡眠的影响.方法 选取行全子宫切除术患者126例,随机分为两组,各63例.对照组用芬太尼;观察组用咪达唑仑联合芬太尼.对比两组术中牵拉反应、给药后镇静程度OAA/S评分、术毕拮抗剂使用情况、主观疼痛感受VAS评分及睡眠质量.结果 观察组牵...     

硬膜外腔小剂量吗啡超前镇痛对病人术中血糖影响

近年,在手术患者行硬膨腔注入吗啡超前镇痛的方法已应用于临床,但有关吗啡超前镇痛对病人术中血糖的影响,报道甚少．本文观察比较了硬膜外吗啡超前镇痛的病人术中血糖的变化．1资料与方法1．1选择无糖尿病、无内分泌疾病,择期全子宫切除术30例,ASAI至11级,年龄38至59岁,体重45至65kg．随机分为两组,即镇痛组和对照组,每组15例．1．2术前均禁食8至12hr,术前肌往鲁米那销0．ig．连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉,穿刺点LI－2间隙,头向督管,局麻药为1％利多卡因与0．15％了卡因,含1：20万肾上腺素混合液,上界平面控制在TS,术中输以应冷…     

含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术的观察

目的探讨甲状腺手术舒适有效的麻醉方式。方法选择48例甲状腺手术病人,随机分为含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液的试验组(A组)和不含吗啡的局麻复合液的对照组(B组)进行颈丛阻滞麻醉,分别观察作用起效、显效、维持时间和循环变化情况及术中病人反应、术后刀口疼痛情况。结果两组病人在麻醉效力作用时间方面无显著性差异;在循环系统变化上试验组比对照组明显更加稳定;术中病人对不适刺激的反应试验组比对照组明显少;试验组病人可以维持术后刀口无痛时间达12~23h以上。结论含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术是一种优良、可靠且具有良好术后镇痛作用的麻醉方法。     

缩窄性心包炎心包切除范围的研究

目的 为了探讨缩窄性心包炎心包切除范围对手术效果的影响。方法 选择1980年～1999年缩窄性心包炎病人18例。依据手术方法不同分成2组;研究组8例行左心包切除术,对照组10例做全心包切除术。结果 术后观察左心组的平均动脉压(MAP)为114±11.67mmHg,心率(HR)99.50±8.21T/min,脉压差(PPD)25.63±2.97mmHg均大于对照组的MAP90.80±10.66mmHg,HR88.80±8.63mmHg和PPD16.70±3.06mmHg。统计学处理,P<0.01。结论 心包炎左心包切除比全心包切除对术后心功恢复有利。     

蛛网膜下腔注射吗啡在剖宫产手术后的镇痛观察

目的 观察在剖宫产手术中蛛网膜下腔注射吗啡术后镇痛的效果和不良反应.方法 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级80例剖宫产手术病人.随机分为两组,每组40例,均采用腰一硬联合麻醉.蛛网膜下腔给予0.5%布比卡因重比重液1.8～2.2mg.观察组在腰麻药中加吗啡0.2mg,对照组于硬膜外腔注射吗啡2mg.观察术后患者不良反应的具体情况.结果 观察组不良反应率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组的镇痛效果与镇痛时间明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 蛛网膜下腔注射吗啡镇痛效果确切,持续时间长.但不良反应发生率高于硬膜外吗啡镇痛.     

静脉芬太尼联合硬膜外腔注射吗啡镇痛效果观察

目的 采用硬膜外腔注射吗啡（EM）1mg联合静脉芬太尼病人自控镇痛（PCIFA）方法行术后镇痛，观察镇痛效果和不良反应，并与单用EM或PCIFA比较。方法 选择96例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行子宫全切或次全切手术病人，随机分为三组，每组32人，PCIFA组：术毕静脉接镇痛录，配方为芬太尼20mg／L；EM组：术毕硬膜外腔注射吗啡2mg；MF组：术毕硬膜外腔注射吗啡1mg并联合PCIFA。采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）法，分别于术后6、24和48h随访评估镇痛效果厦芬太尼用量，记录术后病人恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒和呼吸抑制等并发症发生率以厦胃肠功能恢复的时间。结果 与PCIFA组、EM组相比，MF组在芬太尼用量和不晟反应上有差异。结论 静脉芬太尼病人自控镇痛与硬膜外腔单次注射吗啡两种途径联合应用，该方法不仅镇痛效果满意，而且不良反应小。     

全子宫切除术联合髂耻韧带悬吊术治疗中盆腔器官脱垂的研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下全子宫切除术联合髂耻韧带悬吊术治疗中盆腔器官脱垂的作用.方法:回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年6月在我院接受手术治疗的84例中盆腔器官脱垂患者临床资料.根据不同术式分为对照组(42例,腹腔镜下全子宫切除术联合骶骨固定术)和观察组(42例,腹腔镜下全子宫切除术联合髂耻韧带悬吊术).分析比较两组的治疗效果,血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)水平、以及氧化损伤指标.结果:观察组术中出血量、手术操作时间、尿管拔除时间、术后住院天数均显著少于对照组(P<0.05).观察组术后3 d血清TGF-β1、TIMP-2均显著高于对照组,MMP-2显著低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组术后3 d血清肌红蛋白(MYO)、缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)均低于对照组,总抗氧化能力(TAC)高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:腹腔镜下全子宫切除术联合髂耻韧带悬吊术治疗,能改善血清TGF-β1、TIMP-2、MMP-2水平,减轻氧化应激受损程度,提高治疗效果.     

吗啡氟哌啶用于硬膜外术后镇痛效果观察

观察了300例妇科手术,将吗啡、氟哌啶用于术后镇痛,效果明显,现报告如下。 一、资料方法 一般资料,300例病人,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级其中剖宫产86例,子宫肌瘤162例,卵巢肿瘤52例,平均年龄(38.2±12.6)岁,均选择连续硬膜外阻滞,穿刺间隙为L_(1-2)或L_(2-3)头向置管3cm,所用的局麻药为2％利多卡因,术中阻滞完善,手术结束前10min将配制好的合剂注入硬膜外腔。配制方法:吗啡2mg,氟哌啶2.5mg加生理盐水至5ml,术毕拔管。镇痛     

子宫切除术对患者生活质量影响探讨

目的 探讨子宫切除术的临床效果及其对患者生活质量的影响.方法 将我院50例有手术指征子宫良性病变患者随机分为观察组及对照组,对照组采用子宫全切除术,观察组采用子宫次全切除术.结果 观察组术后6个月性生活满意率为76.0%(19/25),显著高于对照组的48.0%(12/25).两组患者术后1个月和6个月的E2水平明显低于术前,FSH水平明显高于术前,但观察组6个月后E2和FSH水平改善更明显,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 子宫次全切除术比子宫全切除术更有益于改善性生活,提高生活质量,效果明显,值得在临床推广.     

Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma

Background: Racemic albuterol is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol), which is responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and (S)-albuterol, which provides no benefit and may be detrimental. Objective: We sought to compare 2 doses of a single enantiomer, levalbuterol (0.63 mg and 1.25 mg), and equivalent amounts of levalbuterol administered as racemic albuterol with placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Three hundred sixty-two patients 12 years of age or older were treated with study drug administered by means of nebulization 3 times daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was peak change in FEV₁ after 4 weeks. Results: The change in peak FEV₁ response to the first dose in the combined levalbuterol group was significantly greater compared with the combined racemic albuterol group (0.92 and 0.82 L, respectively; P = .03), with similar but nonsignificant results after 4 weeks (0.84 and 0.74 L, respectively). Improvement in FEV₁ was similar for levalbuterol 0.63 mg and racemic albuterol 2.5 mg and greatest for levalbuterol 1.25 mg. Racemic albuterol 1.25 mg demonstrated the weakest bronchodilator effect, particularly after chronic dosing. The greatest increase in FEV₁ was seen after levalbuterol 1.25 mg, especially in subjects with severe asthma. All active treatments were well tolerated, and β-adrenergic side effects after administration of levalbuterol 0.63 mg were reduced relative to levalbuterol 1.25 mg or racemic albuterol 2.5 mg. At week 4, the predose FEV₁ value was greatest in patients who received levalbuterol or placebo when compared with those who received racemic albuterol. The difference was more evident and was statistically significant in patients who were not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusion: Levalbuterol appears to provide a better therapeutic index than the standard dose of racemic albuterol. These results support the concept that (S)-albuterol may have detrimental effects on pulmonary function. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:943-52.)     

Infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab

Background: The use of rituximab (RTX) is increasing, even in developing countries. It has become the first-line therapy or adjuvant to chemotherapy (CHOP; cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone) for various diseases, including B cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases.

Aim: We describe the infectious diseases and immunological markers associated with RTX treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Methods: Serum immunoglobulins were determined before and after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) administration. Pneumo-23IgG-specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies were evaluated before and after vaccination. Immunophenotyping and lymphocyte proliferation were determined in the course of the treatment.

Results: Seven patients were followed and median age was 56.0?±?5.0?years (range, 41.9–71.6?years). At baseline, the mean level of IgG was 333.7?±?40.8?and IgM 40.9?±?11.3?mg/dL, respectively; immunoglobulin A and E (IgA and IgE) were under the limit of detection. Two patients had reduced or absent B cells and T cell subsets were at normal levels in five patients. All patients failed to mount an efficient post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B virus, tetanus, diphtheria and against the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. During RTX/CHOP treatment, human-IgG-immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy was introduced in six patients after recurrent infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (85.7%), chronic sinusitis (85.7%) and gastroenteritis (42.9%).

Conclusion: Poor response against pneumococcal vaccines increases the susceptibility of respiratory diseases in these patients. In patients with NHL treated with RTX, the benefits achieved with IVIg replacement for the control of recurrent infectious diseases is of paramount importance. Clinicians dealing with monoclonal antibodies against cancer therapy, especially RTX, should be aware of the increasing risks for symptomatic induced hypogammaglobulinemia and respiratory infections.     

Establishing Safety with Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder

Abstract

The incidence of self-mutilation and suicidality among patients with dissociative disorders is quite high. It is necessary for clinicians working with this population to be adept at dealing with safety problems. This article presents a sequence of basic steps that can be used when helping dissociative patients establish safety, a discussion of the functions of self-destructiveness, and an overview of specific experiences and thinking patterns that contribute to self-destructiveness among dissociative patients.     

VACTERL with hydrocephalus: Family with X-linked VACTERL-H

We describe in a five generation family four affected males with hydrocephalus (4 offspring/4 examined) due to aqueductal stenosis (3/3), symmetrical radial ray abnormalities (4/4), renal anomalies (2/3), anal atresia (3/4), hypoplastic penis/abnormal testes (2/3), and cardiac abnormalities (1/3). X-linked inheritance seems certain in this family. These abnormalities are characteristic of the rare X-linked VACTERL-H syndrome. In addition, one maternal female cousin had a severe tracheo-esophageal fistula. This may represent partial manifestation in a female carrier. Chromosomes were apparently normal (46XY) with no spontaneous or excess induced breakages in one of the affected offspring and his mother. In the absence of a genetic marker, diagnostic ultrasonography is the investigation of choice for early in utero detection of this syndrome. A confident ultrasonographic diagnosis was possible by 20 weeks in the 2 cases examined. Am. J. Med. Genet. 76:74–78, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒慢性感染的临床研究

目的 观察拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)慢性感染的临床疗效。方法 慢性乙型肝炎患者90例。设联合治疗组28例，单用拉米夫定组30例，单用泛昔洛韦组32例。联合治疗组给予口服拉米夫定0．1g／d(PO)，泛昔洛韦1．5g／d(PO)，24周。拉米夫定、泛昔洛韦单用组剂量及疗程分别同联合治疗组。结果 3组均无明显副反应，丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)复常率无差异。3组HBV DNA阴转率分别为89．3％、66．7％、40．6％，差异有显著性。乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBeAg)阴转率分别为28．6％、23．3％、21．9％，差异无显著性。结论 拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦联合用药安全、耐受性好，临床显示联合治疗对HBV DNA的抑制作用显著优于单用药。     

Intervention with epinephrine in hypotension associated with mastocytosis

The occurrence of the episodes of vasodilatory hypotension can be a life-threatening manifestation of systemic mastocytosis. This article describes the reversal by epinephrine of episodes of severe hypotension in two hospitalized patients with mastocytosis. Recognition of the efficacy of epinephrine in hypotension associated with mastocytosis can be important when other methods fail to restore hemodynamic stability.