住院医师抑郁症状现况评价及影响因素分析：基于辽宁省8家培训基地的横断面研究

目的 调查住院医师抑郁症状的患病情况,分析其相关的人口学信息、培训情况及心理学影响因素,为现阶段我国住院医师心理健康管理及干预提供依据。方法 本研究调查对象为辽宁省沈阳、大连、锦州、抚顺的8家培训基地共1 050名住院医师。采用匹兹堡睡眠量表、国际体力活动量表、组织支持感简化量表、心理资本量表、明尼苏达满意度短式量表等,调查住院医师社会人口学信息、培训信息、睡眠情况、运动情况、组织支持感、心理资本、工作满意度、抑郁症状等。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行logistic回归等统计分析。结果 共回收有效问卷962份,结果显示44.59%（429/962）住院医师有抑郁症状。培训年级高（OR_PGY-3=1.775,P=0.006）、睡眠质量差（OR=1.662,P<0.001）是住院医师抑郁症状的危险因素,心理资本（OR=0.962,P<0.001）、工作满意度（OR=0.972,P=0.001）是住院医师抑郁症状的保护因素。结论 住院医师抑郁症状患病率较高,培训年级、睡眠质量、心理资本、工作满意度等因素与住院医师抑郁症状高患病率有关联,应予以重点关注。     

116项继续医学教育项目评估结果及影响指标分析

目的　分析116项继续医学教育项目评估结果并探讨影响评估结果的指标,为明确项目质量评估重点提供参考。方法　采用卡方检验、Fisher精确检验对28个指标的评估结果进行单因素分析,采用logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果　logistic回归显示：项目基本信息一致性[OR=6.712,95%CI（1.314~34.275）]、主办单位是否提供教材[OR=109.386,95%CI（2.577~4 642.659）]、现场学员与签到人数是否符合[OR=13.296,95%CI（2.440~72.456）]、学员考核材料反馈[OR=19.069,95%CI（3.713~97.929）]、教师评估材料反馈[OR=13.497,95%CI（2.672~68.181）]和主办单位是否按要求送审学分[OR=51.326,95%CI（4.999~526.996）]为继续医学教育项目评估结果合格与否的影响指标。结论　继续医学教育管理部门应健全项目评估制度,根据研究结果改进并完善评估指标,重视影响评估结果的指标,发挥评估指标的导向作用。     

武汉方舱医院患者的心理状况及心理健康异常影响因素分析

目的 研究武汉体育中心方舱医院轻症新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者心理状况及心理健康异常的影响因素,为COVID-19患者心理干预提供指导。方法 选取2020年2～3月武汉经开区体育中心方舱医院随机抽样的108例COVID-19患者作为研究组,同期选择武汉市健康人群124例作为对照组,通过网络平台推送《新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间武汉地区患者及健康对照组心理健康状况调查问卷》。问卷内容包括被调查者一般人口学特征及心理状态评估。心理状态评估采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、事件影响量表修订版评估进行评定。比较两组研究对象焦虑、抑郁、应激障碍发生率的差异,分析影响COVID-19患者心理健康状况的危险因素。结果 研究组SDS评分高于对照组[（44.82±7.90）分vs（41.48±9.57）分],但SAS评分低于对照组[（31.04±7.76）分vs（35.66±10.66）分];研究组抑郁比例高于对照组[26.85% vs 12.90%],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示：年龄（51～67岁）是COVID-19患者心理健康异常的危险因素（OR=1.240,95%CI：0.102～0.826）。结论 COVID-19患者抑郁情绪重于健康人群,需要密切注意,尤其是年龄51～67岁的患者;但COVID-19患者焦虑情绪轻于健康人群。     

后疫情时期医学生归属感与心理健康状况的相关性研究

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒疫情防控常态化背景下,医学生的学校归属感现状及与抑郁、焦虑症的关系。方法 对8所院校的1 629名全日制医学生进行在线问卷调查,测量工具包括学校归属感量表（psychological sense of school membership scale,PSSM-18）、9条条目的患者抑郁自评量表（the 9-item patient health questionnaire,PHQ-9）和7条目广泛性焦虑量表（7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale,GAD-7）。对学校归属感、抑郁症和焦虑症现状进行描述性分析,使用Spearman相关系数分析PSSM-18与PHQ-9、GAD-7得分间的相关性,使用logistic回归分析归属感缺失对抑郁症和焦虑症的影响。结果 研究对象的学校归属感平均得分为（77.31±14.12）,抑郁症和焦虑症的检出率分别为25.97%（423/1 629）和21.92%（357/1 629）。PSSM-18得分与PHQ-9得分（r=-0.52,P<0.001）和GAD-7得分（r=-0.49,P<0.001）均呈负相关。在校正协变量后,低归属感的学生出现抑郁症的风险是高归属感学生的4.33倍（OR=4.33,95%CI=2.48~7.43）,出现焦虑症的风险是高归属感学生的5.85倍（OR=5.85,95%CI=3.76~8.15）。结论 归属感缺失增加抑郁症和焦虑症出现的风险,在疫情防控常态化背景下,学校应加强健康宣教和支持服务,提高医学生的归属感,缓解心理健康问题。     

子痫前期不良妊娠结局的影响因素和风险预测模型建立与验证

目的：　探讨子痫前期（preeclampsia,PE）不良妊娠结局的影响因素并构建风险预测模型。方法：　回顾性选取2018年6月至2020年12月苏州大学附属苏州九院和南通大学附属医院收治的PE患者作为建模集（模型开发）,以患者入院48 h内是否出现不良妊娠结局划分为不良组、非不良组。对2组各项指标进行单因素筛选,再行多因素logistic回归分析PE不良妊娠结局的影响因素。基于筛选结果,利用R语言构建风险预测列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ＲＯＣ）曲线分析和拟合优度偏差性检验评价模型的表现。采用Bootstrap法（自抽样法）验证并制作校准图;采用决策曲线评价模型的临床获益率。选取2021年1月至2022年3月苏州大学附属苏州九院收治的PE患者作为验证集。结果：　共纳入381例PE患者作为建模集,其中126例发生不良妊娠结局,255例未发生不良妊娠结局;共纳入102例PE患者作为验证集,其中34例发生不良妊娠结局,68例未发生不良妊娠结局。Logistic回归分析显示：入院孕周越小（OR=2.672,95%CI=1.495～5.153）、临床症状数目越多（OR=2.643,95%CI=1.394～4.917）、24 h蛋白尿定量越高（OR=3.662,95%CI=1.982～7.604）、血小板计数越低（OR=2.396,95%CI=1.307～4.653）、D-二聚体越高（OR=2.929,95%CI=1.728～5.843）、miR-21表达量越高（OR=4.302,95%CI=2.426～9.185）均是PE患者发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素（P<0.05）。基于上述6个因素构建风险预测列线图模型,模型的ROC曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）为0.912（95%CI=0.864～0.956）,最佳截断值（阈概率）为0.32,此时的灵敏度和特异度分别0.889、0.845;拟合优度偏差性检验（χ²=4.214,P=0.837）;偏差校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.013。验证集的AUC为0.904（95%CI=0.842～0.936）,灵敏度和特异度分别0.874、0.823;拟合优度偏差性检验（χ²=3.720,P=0.729）;偏差校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.021。当决策曲线中阈概率值设为32.0%,建模集和验证集的临床获益率分别为69%、76%。结论：　PE患者的不良妊娠结局与入院孕周、临床症状数目、24 h蛋白尿定量、血小板计数、D-二聚体、miR-21表达量相关,以此构建风险预测列线图模型具有较高的预测效能。     

尿碘与甲状腺结节相关性及其恶性风险的研究

目的：　探究甲状腺结节与尿碘的相关性及其危险因素。方法：　选取2014年1月至2021年12月于云南省第一人民医院内分泌科进行甲状腺结节穿刺和参与“甲状腺疾病和碘营养状况的全国调查——2014”课题流调的人群为研究对象,经彩色多普勒超声检查及细胞病理学检查证实的甲状腺结节患者分为甲状腺良性结节组与甲状腺恶性结节组,合计3 206例。测定患者尿碘值、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（free triiodothyronine,FT3）、游离甲状素（free thyroxine,FT4）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（thyroglobulin antibody,TGAb）、血生化等相关指标。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行t检验、秩和检验,危险因素采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果：　①甲状腺结节组尿碘含量（159.86 μg/L）低于健康人群（187.15 μg/L）,差异有统计学意义。甲状腺结节组尿碘<100 μg/L的占比高于尿碘>300 μg/L者,甲状腺结节组碘含量构成比与健康人群比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。②甲状腺良性结节组尿碘水平中位数（134.70 μg/L）低于甲状腺恶性结节组尿碘水平中位数（172.83 μg/L）。③Logistic回归分析结果：性别当男性赋值为1,女性赋值为2时（OR=34.400,95%CI=1.619~730.759,P=0.023）,女性患甲状腺恶性结节的风险大约增加33.4倍,尿碘（OR=1.018,95%CI=1.000~1.036,P=0.048）、FT4（OR=1.876,95%CI=1.081~3.254,P=0.025）、TPOAb（OR=0.948,95%CI=0.911~0.986,P=0.008）、甘油三酯（OR=2.523,95%CI=1.194~5.330,P=0.015）是甲状腺恶性结节发生的促进因素。结论：　尿碘、性别、FT4、TPOAb、甘油三酯与甲状腺恶性结节患病有关,促进甲状腺恶性结节发生。健康人群组碘含量分布与甲状腺结节组具有统计学差异。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下住院医师规范化培训超声科专业基地学员状况调查及培训对策

目的　调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,住院医师规范化培训学员（住院医师）的行为及情绪,依据调查结果调整新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间住院医师规范化培训计划和培训方式。方法　采用"问卷星"微信小程序对超声科40名住院医师（27名超声专业、13名其他专业）进行实名制封闭式问卷调查,内容包括个人基本情况、新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关问题、行为改变调查、行为态度调查和情绪状况调查。对调查数据使用SPSS 19.0进行卡方检验和秩和检验。结果　有效问卷40份,参与率100.0%。24个新型冠状病毒肺炎相关问题答题正确率超声专业与其他专业住院医师,差异无统计学意义[92.0%（596/648）vs. 93.6%（292/312）,P>0.05]。住院医师对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关知识掌握较好,主要外出行为明显减少,各种居家等行为明显增多,学习兴趣有所下降。当新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情（可能）发生在自己所处小区或村镇时,紧张、恐惧、悲观、郁闷等负面情绪明显表达出来。依据问卷调查结果调整了教学计划和方式,采用公众号进行网络授课和评价,并指导住院医师调整居家行为方式和情绪。结论　在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,住院医师的行为和情绪都发生了变化,规培基地应针对性地调整规培教学计划和方式,做好疫情期间住院医师的心理和学习辅导。     

生活方式与家族史对心血管代谢疾病的交互作用分析

目的 探讨生活方式与心血管代谢疾病家族史（以下简称家族史）对心血管代谢疾病患病的影响及两者的交互作用,指导疾病防控。方法 按照纳入排除标准选取合川区3 009例30~79岁常住居民作为调查对象,进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。运用SPSS 26.0进行χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析,采用相乘模型和相加模型分析生活方式与家族史对心血管代谢疾病患病的交互作用。结果 生活方式和家族史对心血管代谢疾病患病,既不存在相乘交互作用（OR_int=1.22,95%CI=0.86~1.73）,也不存在相加交互作用,相对超危险度比（the relative excess risk due to interaction,RERI）、归因比（attributable risk percent,AP）、交互作用指数（S）分别为0.69（95%CI=-3.98~5.36）、0.21（95%CI=-0.95~1.37）、1.44（95%CI=0.16~13.03）。生活方式不健康且有家族史者,患心血管代谢疾病的风险高于生活方式健康且无家族史者（OR=3.26,95%CI=2.52~4.23）,男性（OR=5.16,95%CI=3.12~8.52）远高于女性（OR=2.72,95%CI=1.96~3.77）。结论 生活方式和家族史对心血管代谢疾病患病风险不存在交互作用,但存在联合作用。有家族史者保持健康生活方式,有利于控制心血管代谢疾病患病。     

广东省不同类型医院神经外科住院医师培训基地的管理情况分析

目的　为全面了解广东省住院医师规范化培训神经外科专业培训基地运行现状及存在的问题。方法　按中国医师协会毕业后医学教育神经外科专业委员会制定的《住院医师规范化培训评估指标——外科（神经外科方向）专业基地》评分细则,对28家培训基地进行督导评估。收集28家神经外科培训基地督导的评分结果,将培训基地按传统教学历史分为两类,传统医学院校附属医院6家、非传统的附属/教学医院22家。采用GraphPad 5.0软件对14项核心指标情况进行统计学分析,用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验进行分析。结果　发现传统教学医院与非传统教学医院14项核心指标达标率差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.003）,技能操作和手术种类及数量（P = 0.041）与学员轮转计划（P =0.012）这两项差异也具有统计学意义。结论　本研究提示传统教学医院培训基地管理综合能力明显优于非传统教学医院,建议加强专业基地建设、加强基地制度化管理,实现神经外科住院医师的同质化培训。     

腹型肥胖和全身型肥胖与中医体质类型的关系

[目的] 探求腹型肥胖和全身型肥胖与中医体质的关系,为调整偏颇体质、防治肥胖提供依据。[方法] 采用横断面现场调查法收集江西、安徽两家医院983例健康体检人群数据。中医体质调查采用标准化中医体质量表,应用判别分析法判定体质类型。采用Logistic回归分析探索腹型肥胖、全身型肥胖与中医体质类型的关系。[结果] 未调整混杂因素的模型1和调整混杂因素的模型2均显示痰湿质发生腹型肥胖（OR₁=2.92,95%CI=1.76~4.86,P<0.01;OR₂=2.74,95%CI=1.63~4.60,P<0.01）和全身型肥胖（OR₁=2.22,95%CI=1.36~3.61,P<0.01;OR₂=1.89,95%CI=1.14~3.14,P<0.05）的危险度显着增高,而阳虚质发生全身型肥胖（OR₁=0.36,95%CI=0.20~0.67,P<0.01;OR₂=0.38,95%CI=0.21~0.70,P<0.01）的危险度显着降低。[结论] 痰湿质是发生腹型肥胖和全身型肥胖的主要体质类型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.