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1.
目的 量化非预期条件下前交叉韧带重建(anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ACLR)术后运动员侧切动作中膝关节生物力学特征,探讨运动员前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)损伤潜在风险。 方法 应用红外运动捕捉系统和三维测力台同步采集 30 名 ACLR 男性运动员在预期和非预期条件下侧切动作中健侧、患侧下肢运动学和动力学数据。 应用双因素方差分析对关节角度、关节力矩、地面反作用力( ground reaction force, GRF)等测试指标进行统计分析。 结果 患侧肢体的膝关节屈曲角度、外翻力矩和屈曲力矩显著低于健侧肢体,内旋力矩和胫骨前剪切力显著高于健侧肢体。 与预期条件相比,非预期条件下膝关节屈曲角度、内旋力矩、胫骨前剪切力显著增加。 患侧肢体膝关节外旋角度在预期和非预期条件下均显著高于健侧,非预期条件下健侧肢体侧向 GRF 和前后 GRF 显著小于预期条件,患侧肢体侧向 GRF 显著高于预期条件。 结论 ACLR 运动员进行侧切动作时,相比于健侧,患侧表现出较小的膝关节屈曲角度,较大的膝关节内旋力矩和胫骨前剪切力的生物力学特征,可能存在较大的 ACL 潜在损伤风险;在非预期条件下,ACLR 运动员双侧下肢均表现出膝关节内旋力矩增大,侧向 GRF 增大和胫骨前剪切力增大的生物力学特征,提示 ACL 潜在损伤风险不仅限于患侧,健侧下肢也应加强侧切动作中 ACL 损伤预防。  相似文献   

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背景:肌内效贴扎作为一种运动防护手段已被广泛应用,但作为纠正侧切动作时下肢生物力学异常变化手段的研究,其作用尚不明确。目的:对比受试者膝关节在肌内效贴扎、安慰剂贴扎及空白对照情况下,完成侧切动作时下肢运动学、动力学特征的变化。方法:招募39名篮球专项男性大学生为受试者,每位受试者分别在肌内效贴扎、安慰剂贴扎以及不进行任何贴扎情况下进行测试。采取力学矫正的贴扎方式对受试者优势侧膝关节进行贴扎干预。选取4.5-5.5 m/s的助跑速度完成45°侧切动作,并运用三维动态捕捉系统及测力台同步采集运动学及动力学数据。选取初始触地时刻、地面反作用力峰值时刻的运动学及动力学参数进行数据分析。采用SPSS 27.0软件对测试数据进行统计学分析。结果与结论:①运动学指标:肌内效贴条件下与无贴扎及安慰剂贴扎相比,初始触地时刻髋关节外展、膝关节外翻角度显著减小(P<0.05);侧向地面反作用力峰值时刻,髋关节外展、膝关节外翻及踝关节跖屈角度显著减小(P<0.05),膝关节屈曲角度显著增加(P<0.05)。②动力学指标:与无贴扎相比,肌内效贴扎及安慰剂贴扎条件下均可显著减小初始触地时刻髋关节外展、外旋力矩及膝关节外翻、外旋力矩(P<0.05),显著减小垂直地面反作用力峰值、水平向后地面反作用力峰值(P<0.05);与无贴扎及安慰剂贴扎相比,肌内效贴扎可显著减小侧向地面反作用力峰值(P<0.05)。③结果表明,对膝关节进行肌内效贴扎可在一定程度上改善篮球专项大学生在完成侧切动作时与下肢损伤风险因素相关的部分运动学、动力学指标,可能对预防侧切过程中损伤的发生有一定积极作用;此外,膝关节安慰剂贴扎与肌内效贴扎在部分指标变化方面的作用趋势较为一致,提示肌内效贴扎的作用机制可能存在安慰剂效应。  相似文献   

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背景:在体育运动中,侧切动作是最常见的进攻技术,受落地模式和角度的影响。侧切落地模式和角度的不同会增加下肢膝关节损伤的风险。目的:阐述侧切动作中不同的落地模式和角度对下肢运动生物力学的影响。方法:在PubMed、WOS、CNKI数据库检索2020年8月之前收录的相关研究。中文搜索词为“侧切动作;侧切角度;侧切落地模式;侧切生物力学”“变向动作”;英文检索词为“cutting maneuver;cutting maneuver angle;cutting foot strike;cutting biomechanics”“changeof-direction”。结果与结论:采用后足落地模式和较大的角度进行侧切时所表现出的生物力学指标特点,预示着前交叉韧带损伤风险的加大。但是目前的研究只集中于单一因素的分析,很少把落地模式和侧切的角度结合起来进行讨论,这两者在侧切动作中的交互作用,缺少明确的结论,尚无足够证据支持侧切角度增大时改变落地模式会降低下肢损伤的风险,这仍需要大量的研究进行深入论证。  相似文献   

5.
目的:研究前交叉韧带及其胫骨棘止点处的形态特征及其抗拉伸性能,为前交叉韧带胫骨棘撕脱骨折的临床治疗提供解剖和生物力学依据。方法:取正常成人新鲜的膝关节标本16例,游离出前交叉韧带,对其胫骨棘止点处的厚度、宽度及其在胫骨棘止点处的分布特点等进行观察。新鲜的标本通过MTS-858材料试验机测试前交叉韧带附着端的抗拉伸性能。结果:前交叉韧带呈水平位附着于胫骨棘及其周围的骨面,其断面近似于三角形,底朝前,尖向后方。部分纤维附着于外侧半月板的前、后角及内侧半月板前方的骨面。附着端横径为(11.3±1.4)mm、前后长径为(17.6±2.6)mm、周径为(49.2±6.1)mm、前缘距胫骨平台前缘为(11.5±2.6)mm、后缘距后交叉韧带胫骨附着区的前缘为(14.1±1.7)mm、计算附着面积为(96.6±8.3)mm2。前交叉韧带的最大载荷为(2546±89)N,最大变形量为(4.3±0.5)mm。结论:前交叉韧带的纤维分布及其胫骨棘止点处的形态特征以及生物力学特性与临床上撕脱骨折的治疗有很大的关联性。  相似文献   

6.
张强  伍勰 《中国组织工程研究》2013,17(17):3164-3173
背景:膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤严重的挑战着人体健康以及运动能力,对损伤的生物力学研究有助于探究和预防膝关节前交叉韧带损伤。 目的:对膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤的生物力学因素进行阐述,探讨损伤的研究方法以及预防措施的新进展。 方法:由作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库及CNKI数据1979至2011年相关文献,在英文标题和摘要中以 “anterior cruciate ligament,injury”和“anterior cruciate ligament,biomechanics”等关键词检索,中文文献检索以“逆向动力学”为关键词,选择内容与膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的生物力学研究、落地与损伤的关系、损伤的预防等相关的文献。共纳入文献67篇。 结果与结论:膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤的因素较为复杂,且各种因素相互交错。对不同损伤因素的影响程度的研究较为有限。但是损伤的生物力学因素可以较为直观的解释运动中损伤的原理机制。因而损伤的生物力学研究方法的创新为揭示膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的本质原理和损伤的预防提供了新思路。同时应用正确的训练方法对预防损伤尤其是膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤具有良好的效果。  相似文献   

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Background

While femoral tunnel malposition is widely recognized as the main technical error of failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, tibial tunnel malposition is likely underrecognized and underappreciated.

Purpose

To describe more precisely the qualitative and quantitative anatomy of the ACL's tibial attachment in vitro using widely available technology for stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction, and to test its applicability in vivo.

Methods

Stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction was obtained from fourteen proximal tibias of cadaver donors. Measurements of areas and distances from the center of the ACL footprint and the footprint of the obtained bundles to selected arthroscopically-relevant anatomic landmarks were carried out using a three-dimensional design software program, and means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for these measurements. Reference landmarks were tested in three-dimensional models obtained with arthroscopic videos.

Main findings

The osseous footprint of the ACL was described in detail, including its precise elevated limits, size, and shape, with its elevation pattern described as a quarter-turn-staircase-like ridge. Its internal indentations were related to inter-spaces identified as bundle divisions. Distances from the footprint center to arthroscopically relevant landmarks were obtained and compared to its internal structure, yielding a useful X-like landmark pointing to the most accurate placeholder for the ACL footprint's “anatomic” center. Certain structures and reference landmarks described were readily recognized in three-dimensional models from arthroscopic videos.

Conclusions

Stereophotogrammetric surface reconstruction is an accessible technique for the investigation of anatomic structures in vitro, offering a detailed three-dimensional depiction of the ACL's osseous footprint.  相似文献   

8.

Background

The proximal tibia is geometrically complex, asymmetrical, and variable, is heavily implicated in arthrokinematics of the knee joint, and thus a contributor to knee pathologies such as non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Medial, lateral, and coronal tibial slopes are anatomic parameters that may increase predisposition to knee injuries, but the extent to which each contributes has yet to be fully realized. Previously, two-dimensional methods have quantified tibial slopes, but more reliable 3D methods may prove advantageous.

Aims

(1) to explore the reliability of two-dimensional methods, (2) to introduce a novel three-dimensional measurement approach, and (3) to compare data derived from traditional and novel methods.

Methods

Medial, lateral, and coronal tibial slope geometry from both knees (left and right) of one subject were obtained via magnetic resonance images and measured by four trained observers from two-dimensional views. The process was repeated via three-dimensional approaches and data evaluated for intra- and inter-rater reliability.

Results

The conventional method presented a weaker Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the measured slopes (ranging from 0.43 to 0.81) while the resultant ICC for the proposed method indicated greater reliability (ranging from 0.84 to 0.97). Statistical analysis supported the novel approach for production of more reliable and repeatable results for tibial slopes.

Conclusions

The novel three-dimensional method for calculating tibial plateau slope may be more reliable than previously established methods and may be applicable in assessment of susceptibility to osteoarthritis, as part of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk assessment, and in total knee implant design.  相似文献   

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