人体组织拉曼光谱检测与技术进展

综述了近年来拉曼光谱技术在生物组织尤其是疾病检测中的应用进展,对最近迅速发展的拉曼光谱检测新技术:拉曼成像技术、表面增强拉曼光谱、相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱和激光光镊拉曼检测等作了较详细讨论。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在人类血清中的应用

表面增强拉曼光谱（ surface－enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS）近几年来在物理、化学乃至生物医学方面应用广泛。由于其具有较高的灵敏度、特异性,可用来检测人体血清成分的改变。血清中的各种生物分子包括蛋白质、脂类、核酸等都有各自的特征拉曼光谱,因此不同的拉曼位移、谱带强度及宽度,在分子水平上反映了人体血清中不同的细胞代谢异常。该文对SERS的研究概况以及在多种疾病血清检测中的最新研究进展进行了总结和进一步展望。     

生物质谱技术在生物毒素检测中的应用进展

生物毒素是医学、农学、环境科学、军事以及反恐等领域研究的热点之一,由于其具有发展成大规模杀伤性武器的潜力,因此迫切需要发展快速、灵敏的生物毒素检测技术.相对于传统的生物毒素检测技术(如PCR技术、抗体技术等),生物质谱技术用于生物毒素的检测,具有检测范围广、灵敏度高、速度快、操作简单等优点.随着生物质谱技术的成熟和完善,这项技术将成为未来生物毒素检测的有力手段.本文综述了近年来在生物毒素检测中应用的生物质谱技术和样品前处理技术及其应用进展.     

表面增强拉曼光谱在化学恐怖物质检测中的应用进展

在应对和处置涉及化学恐怖物质的突发公共安全事件中,实现实时快速、准确可靠、高灵敏的现场侦检非常关键。表面增强拉曼光谱技术因其灵敏、快速、便携等特性,在化学恐怖物质的侦检领域逐渐受到重视。该文综述了这一技术在化学战剂及相关物质、生物毒素检测中的应用进展,并分析了其应用前景。     

临床微生物检测中荧光定量PCR技术的应用研究

目的 探讨在临床微生物检测中应用荧光定量PCR技术的临床价值.方法 选择2018年5月-2019年6月收治100例患者作为研究对象,观察采集标本在临床微生物检测中应用荧光定量PCR技术的检测结果.结果 60例粪便标本中,检出沙门菌20株,检出率为33.33％,副溶血性弧菌12株,检出率为20.00％,肠出血性大肠杆菌O...     

应用拉曼光谱技术诊断动脉粥样硬化的展望

简要评述目前各种动脉粥样硬化诊断方法和技术发展现状以及未来有可能在临床上实现的技术和方法.分析和展望拉曼光谱作为一种具有应用潜力的新技术,在动脉粥样硬化诊断中的实现手段及应用前景.     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在农药福美双检测中的应用

目的：制备具有表面增强拉曼光谱（surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ,SERS）性能的复合基底并用于农药福美双的检测。方法通过沉积法制备具有粗糙金属表面的金基底,经氨基化处理后与银溶胶结合,形成金基底／银纳米粒子复合基底。以对巯基苯胺（ PATP）为探针分子,比较复合基底和金基底拉曼强度。结果与结论与金基底相比,复合基底对PATP具有更强的拉曼增强效果。复合基底用于检测农药福美双,其检测灵敏度可达10－9 mol／L。应用金基底／银纳米粒子复合基底的SERS可定量检测福美双。     

创面修复门诊患者创面病原微生物分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析创面修复门诊患者创面病原微生物的分布特点及耐药性,为创面专科规范化建设提供依据.方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究分析2017年12月至2019年10月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的365例门诊创面患者临床资料,其中男220例,女145例;年龄18～98岁[(58.8 ±18.9)岁].首诊患者92例,复诊患...     

Optical spectroscopy and imaging for early lung cancer detection: a review

Over the last 15 years, optical spectroscopy and imaging has been intensively studied to improve the detection and localization of early lung cancer. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is the most successfully developed technique and has significantly improved the detection sensitivity of early lung cancer. In this review, the optical principles behind white-light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy, as well as the role of AFB in the diagnosis of early lung cancer and the overall management of patients with early lung cancer are discussed. Other newest development such as Raman spectroscopy and simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy measurements are also highlighted.     

Application of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of cocaine in food matrices

While modern methodologies for the smuggling of illicit substances often tend towards more elaborate inventions, the simple practice of concealing cocaine hydrochloride within food matrices is becoming increasingly popular. This study was conducted to develop and optimize a Raman spectroscopic method capable of identifying and quantifying cocaine hydrochloride concealed within food matrices. Samples of cocaine hydrochloride were concealed within baking powder, cake mix and white rum, with identification of the drug achieved through a combination of manual and automated detection methods and comparison with a digital spectral library. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were employed to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the collected spectra, allowing for traces of cocaine hydrochloride found within each matrix to be identified and quantified. For each of the solid matrices, Raman spectroscopy enabled rapid, non-invasive, and unambiguous identification of the concealed drug. For the white rum samples, due to strong matrix interference, full spectrum matching was not possible, but presumptive identification of cocaine in the samples was achieved at 100%. No false positives or miss-identified samples were recorded, Results of the PLSR analysis showed potential, however difficulties in obtaining accurate concentrations served to limit the method’s use in quantitative analysis.     

磁共振波谱技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

乳腺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一,MR在乳腺癌的诊断中发挥着重要的作用。磁共振波谱技术是能检测体内生化代谢的微创性检查方法,本文介绍磁共振波谱在乳腺癌诊断和评价治疗效果中的应用现状。     

Evaluation of liver fibrosis using Raman spectroscopy and infrared thermography: A pilot study

Liver fibrosis is a pathological process that can escalate to cirrhosis and then liver failure, a major public health concern that affect hundreds of millions of people in both developed and developing countries. Detection of liver fibrosis during its earlier stages is a matter of great importance which may allow prevention of development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease. In this work, Raman spectroscopy and thermography were evaluated to detect early pathological signs of liver fibrosis in rats in which liver fibrosis was induced using carbon tetrachloride. Results show that Raman spectra of healthy and fibrotic livers significantly differ among each other and can be classified by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The PCA-LDA method has a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 85% and diagnostic accuracy of 93.5%. Thermography also revealed characteristic temperature patterns for fibrotic livers compared to healthy livers. Current data suggest that Raman spectroscopy and thermography could be used to detect fibrosis in ex vivo liver samples.     

Raman spectroscopy monitoring of MCF10A cells irradiated by protons at clinical doses

Abstract

Purpose: Proton therapy has been recently proposed as a radiotherapy form for breast cancer treatment in view of its potentially decreased normal-tissue toxicity compared with conventional photon-based radiotherapy. However, the risks for the healthy tissue cannot be completely eliminated. In the present study, the suitability of Raman spectroscopy to monitor the radiosensitivity of normal cells exposed to clinical proton beam was investigated.

Materials and methods: MCF10A normal human breast cells were irradiated at two different proton doses: 0.5?Gy and 4?Gy. They were fixed immediately after irradiation and measured by means of Raman spectroscopy technique. The obtained data were analyzed both by evaluating the intensity ratio of specific Raman spectral peaks and through Multivariate Distance Matrix Regression technique.

Results: Certain Raman peaks associated with DNA showed a systematic suppression at both dose levels. In particular, the intensity of a Raman peak at 784?cm^?1, related to a stretching mode inside the phosphate group of DNA, is very sensitive to the proton beam exposure, even at the lowest investigated dose. Therefore, it could be considered as a spectral marker of cytogenetic damage.

Conclusions: The obtained results are encouraging for the future of Raman spectroscopy in radiobiology research, particularly for improving risk assessment in the field of proton radiotherapy. Specifically, these findings validate Raman spectroscopy to measure biological response in human breast cells exposed to standard proton therapy doses used in clinical setting.