残胃贲门癌42例外科治疗报告

目的探讨残胃贲门癌的外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析42例残胃贲门癌外科治疗的临床资料。手术切除40例,探查2例,根治性切除32例,姑息性切除8例,残胃切除空肠代胃术36例,贲门肿瘤切除余胃食管吻合术4例。结果手术切除率95.2%（40/42）,无手术死亡,手术并发症11例（26.2%）。根治性切除32例中术后生存1年以上30例,3年以上18例,5年以上12例。1,3,5年生存率分别为93.8%、56.3%和37.5%。结论以外科手术为主的综合治疗是治疗残胃贲门癌的有效方法。     

重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术联合后装放疗效果分析

目的 分析重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术切除联合后装治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月—2017年4月病理明确为重要神经血管周围肉瘤患者30例，行手术切除并神经血管周围置后装管，术后给予后装治疗，分次剂量为4 Gy，放疗总剂量为40 Gy，每日2次，5天完成后装放疗。并对所有患者肢体功能治疗前、治疗后6月进行MSTS功能评分。结果 患者随访时间为18~43月，平均随访时间为31.6月，中位随访时间为32.0月，2年生存率为96.7%。外科切缘R0 18例（60%），R1 12例（40%），患者术前MSTS评分为（23.36±1.51），术后6月评分为（21.51±1.82），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。肿瘤局部控制率为93.3%，死亡病例1例，手术切口局部延迟愈合1例，二级及以上放疗并发症发生率为16.7%。结论 重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术切除联合后装治疗能够取得较高的局部控制率，保留肢体并对患者的肢体功能影响较小，但需积极防控后装治疗相关并发症。     

肺癌侵犯胸壁的外科治疗

目的探讨肺癌侵犯胸壁的手术切除方式及影响患者生存的因素.方法对30例侵犯胸壁的肺癌患者的外科治疗结果进行综合分析.结果全组中肺叶切除26例,双肺叶切除2例,全肺切除2例;壁层胸膜外切除6例,胸壁肌肉和肋骨切除(整块切除)24例.根治性切除25例,根治切除率83.3%(25/30).手术并发症发生率6.7%(2/30),手术死亡率3.3%(1/30).鳞癌18例,腺鳞癌8例,腺癌3例,大细胞未分化癌1例.T3N0M0 20例,T3N1M0 5例,T3N2M0 5例.采用寿命表法(life table)计算生存率,用对数秩和检验(Logrank test)其显著性.1、3、5年生存率分别为40.2%、10.8%和10.8%.根治性切除患者5年生存率为13.2%,姑息性切除者中无5年生存者(P＞0.05).根治性切除无淋巴结转移者5年生存率为15.5%,有淋巴结转移者中无5年生存者(P＞0.05).不考虑淋巴结转移情况,根治性切除患者中,肿瘤侵犯胸壁局限于壁层胸膜者的5年生存率为15.0%,而侵犯胸壁肌肉和肋骨者中则无5年生存者(P＞0.05).结论胸膜外切除或胸壁整块切除是外科治疗肺癌侵犯胸壁的主要手段.能否根治切除、有无淋巴结转移以及胸壁受侵程度是影响患者术后生存的重要因素.     

肝门部胆管癌近年外科治疗疗效分析:附22例报告

目的 探讨肝门外胆管癌近年的诊治及临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年6月至2008年6月收治的22例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料,分析其诊治情况及预后.结果 本组22例患者主要症状为进行性黄疸(19/22),术前均行MRCP检查,诊断准确率达100%,术前Bismuth Corlette分型与手术结果比较,分型准确率为86.4%.所有患者均行手术治疗.10例根治性切除,9例姑息性切除,3例胆管引流,手术切除率为86.4%(19/22);根治切除率为45.5%.术后并发症发生率为22.7%,其中腹腔感染3例,胆道感染2例,治疗后痊愈,无围手术期死亡.随访中位时间30个月,根治性切除患者术后1、3、5年生存率分别为71.3%、36.6%、25.4%,姑息切除组患者分别为54.3%、13.3%、O%,根治性切除患者生存率显著高于姑息切除患者.结论 肝门部胆管癌的治疗以手术切除为主,近年来手术技术的进步,手术切除率及根治性切除率不断提高,患者预后改善.     

肝脏血管内皮肉瘤10例分析

目的探讨肝脏血管内皮肉瘤的临床、病理及影响预后因素。方法1985年1月至2006年5月收治肝血管内皮肉瘤10例,均经手术或穿刺活检证实,报告临床进程和随访结果。结果上腹疼痛和(或)上腹肿块为主要临床表现。术前影像学检查无一确诊,术前穿刺活检确诊率75%。手术治疗7例,根治性切除5例,其中3例生存期超过5年,未经手术治疗3例均在半年内死亡。结论肝脏血管内皮肉瘤术前诊断较困难,穿刺活检,有助于术前确诊。较小且单发的肿瘤通过根治性切除,可获得长期生存,肿瘤较大,且累犯邻近器官或者呈弥漫多发,无法手术,预后不佳。     

巨块型肺癌外科治疗近期疗效的临床分析(附68例报告)

本文报告了自1983年6月至1989年5月期间对68例巨块型(>6cm)肺癌外科治疗的临床资料及近期疗效分析。男53例,女15例,年龄26～68岁。肿瘤大小6～8cm34例,8～12cm29例,12cm以上5例。全组共切除58例,切除率85%.全肺切除21例(36%),肺叶切除37例(64%)。手术合并症5例,发生率8.6%,1例死亡,手术死亡率2%。发现有淋巴结转移20例,肿瘤有外侵20例,术后1、2、3年生存率分别为71%,55%,25%。结果表明外科治疗的近期疗效决定于肿瘤有无外侵及有无淋巴结转移与肿瘤大小无关。对巨块型肺癌应积极采取外科为主的综合治疗。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗:291例回顾

目的 分析一个单位1986年-2002年间治疗肝门部胆管癌291例的经验。方法 回顾1986年-2002年在解放军总医院肝胆外科治疗291例肝门部胆管癌的纪录,病例分为2组:Ⅰ组:1986年1月-1999年1月,共157例;Ⅱ组为1999年2月-2002年6月,共134例。外科治疗手段包括根治性切除术、姑息性切除术或内、外胆道引流术,主要是依据手术中所发现的病理情况决定。根治性切除术的标准是指切除的边缘病理上未发现残留癌细胞者。根治性切除率在两组分别为37.6％和41.2％。无切除术后30天内死亡。随访结果是通过信件、电话及门诊获得,随访率为88.8％。结果 在我国,肝外胆管癌是并非少见的疾病,近年来手术治疗的病例数有增多倾向。然而,由于肿瘤居于肝门部胆管的深在位置,所以根治性切除手术有困难,甚至联合肝切除亦难以达到根治目的,因而在两组病例中,根治性切除率分别仅为37.6％和41.2％。在第Ⅰ组中,有4例病人于切除术后长期无瘤生存,5年以上生存率为13.3％;另有2例病人亦生存达5年以上,但癌复发,现仍在接受进一步治疗。在第Ⅱ组中尚未有5年生存者,3年生存率为13.6％。结论 肝门部胆管癌是多态性的疾病,只有极少数表现为较“良性”的倾向,而绝大多数则于手术切除后易于复发,虽然手术似乎是已达治愈性。切除性治疗,甚至是姑息性切     

腹膜后肿瘤切除联合重要血管重建12例

背景与目的:腹膜后肿瘤的治疗,手术切除仍是惟一可能根治的有效方法.但临床确诊时,多数肿瘤发现较晚,常累及腹腔内重要血管,即属手术相对禁忌症.本研究旨在探讨累及腹腔内重要血管的腹膜后肿瘤切除的处理方法,以提高切除率及生存率.方法:回顾性分析了2003年1月-2007年6月我院外科手术治疗的12例腹膜后肿瘤累及腹腔内重要血管的患者,经手术切除并行人工血管重建术.结果:成功完成了12例腹膜后肿瘤及受累血管的完整切除和相应的重要血管重建术,术后无1例围手术期死亡.结论:累及腹腔内重要血管的腹膜后肿瘤不是根治性切除的手术禁忌症,联合重要血管切除并行血管重建手术是安全的,并可明显提高切除率,降低复发率,延长患者存活时间.     

复发性软组织肉瘤的治疗及教训（附15例报告）

目的总结软组织肉瘤外科治疗效果,探讨提高手术疗效的方法。方法回顾我院2005-2007年收治的获得随访的15例复发性软组织肉瘤,对其手术治疗效果进行分析。结果15例病例均行广泛性或根治性切除,随访2-49个月,无瘤存活8例,带瘤生存1例,死亡6例。结论软组织肉瘤临床表现复杂,广泛切除效果良好。应强调首次治疗的重要性,如果首次治疗不当预后较差。彻底完整的切除肿瘤是手术成功的关键。     

高龄食管癌外科治疗132例分析

目的 探讨高龄食管癌外科治疗的有关问题。方法 回顾性分析132例70岁以上食管癌病人的外科处理。结果 根治性切除109例，切除率82.6%，姑息性切除15例，减状手术5例，单纯探查3例。术后并发症42例，围手术期死亡10例（7.6%)。结论 对高龄食管癌的外科治疗重点应放在合并症的治疗、心肺功能的保护及营养支持。     

Liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most common primary liver cancer, representing 10% of all primary liver malignancies. Despite the increase in its incidence, this tumor remains extremely rare in Western countries and few reports detailing experience with surgical resection have been published. The aim of this study was to analyze the experience with resection of IHCC in our center. METHODS: From 1987 to 2003 we observed 35 patients with IHCC; 15 of them (42.8%) were submitted to hepatic resection. IHCCs accounted for 13% of all liver resections for primary liver tumors carried out at our center during this period. According to the classification of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, the tumors were classified as "mass-forming" in 14 cases and as "periductal" in one case. Major resections were performed in ten cases and minor resections in five cases. In the patient with a periductal tumor a major resection was performed along with excision of the main biliary confluence. In 14 cases (93.3%) tumor-free resection margins were obtained. RESULTS: The intraoperative mortality was nil and the postoperative mortality 6.6%. The postoperative morbidity rate was 21.4%. The mean overall survival was 38.4 months, with 86% and 49% one- and three-year survival rates, respectively. Patients with mass-forming tumors and curative resections (R0) (mean survival 40.8 months; one- and three-year survival rates 92.3% and 52.7%), and those with TNM stage I-II tumors (mean survival 43.7 months; one- and three-year survival rates 100% and 66.7%) had a longer survival. The patient with the periductal tumor and R1 resection died after seven months. CONCLUSIONS: These results support a surgical approach based on accurate selection of patients with IHCC and aimed at radical resection whenever possible. The good survival rates observed in R0 resections emphasize the role of radical surgery as the only chance of cure for patients with this tumor.     

椎管内表皮样囊肿及皮样囊肿和畸胎瘤的治疗

目的:研究椎管内表皮及皮样囊肿和畸胎瘤的治疗及预后。方法:1972—1999年共收治这类先天性椎管内肿瘤36例，其中表皮样囊肿18例，皮样囊肿10例，畸胎瘤8例。对18例患行囊内肿物清除，囊壁外翻缝合；8例囊壁全切；10例囊壁大部切除。结果：24例获得8月—16年随访，囊壁外翻缝合12例，9例恢复好，1例感染，但术后4例复发。囊壁全切5例，2例加重。囊壁次全切除7例，症状无加重，术后1例复发。结论：此类肿瘤位于颈、胸段髓，可行囊壁全切，位于胸腰段及腰段，根据情况行囊壁次全切除。MRI为诊断和治疗此类肿瘤提供了较多信息。     

Secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual or recurrent tumors after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely accepted technique for the management of gastric tumors. However, residual or recurrent tumors can occur after ESD; currently, there is no adequate management strategy for these tumors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish a strategy of secondary ESD (sESD) for cases with positive lateral margins (LM+), which cause post-ESD residual or recurrent tumors.

Methods

Fifty-three lesions that were subjected to ESD were diagnosed as LM+ with suspected local residual tumor. The short- and long-term outcomes of early sESD (performed shortly after the initial ESD in LM+ cases to prevent local recurrence) were retrospectively compared with those of late sESD (performed after the detection of recurrent tumors).

Results

Of the 53 LM+ cases, the local residual positive rate was 38.5 % (10/26) in those undergoing early sESD or additional surgery and the local recurrence rate was 29.6 % (8/27) in those that were not treated. Thus, the overall incidence of residual or recurrent tumors in LM+ cases was 34.0 % (18/53). Both early and late sESD had favorable outcomes with no severe complications: 100 % of early sESD resections were curative, compared with 86.7 % of late sESD resections, over the course of a mean (±SD) observation period of 50.8 ± 16.7 months. The performance of early sESD was significantly greater than that of late sESD (in terms of dissection speed).

Conclusions

Early sESD is more reliable than late sESD as a therapeutic strategy for salvaging residual tumors and for preventing recurrence. However, if a tumor has already recurred, late sESD remains useful.     

Applied vascular anatomy of the colon and rectum: clinical implications for the surgical oncologist

Surgery remains the most radical method of treatment of many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer; in these tumors, surgery is the only method that can offer the chance of cure. To avoid early postoperative morbidity (mainly, anastomotic leak) and to achieve good long-term results (low incidence of tumor recurrence, long overall and disease-free survival, and optimal quality of life), the surgeon should have an in-depth knowledge of vascular anatomy of the colon and rectum. This essential requirement is based on the fact that the actual course followed by lymph fluid drainage from any part of the colon/rectum is determined by its blood supply; therefore, the extent of resection for colorectal cancer follows the principles of blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Knowledge of the colorectal vascular anatomy and its variations is of vital importance in the planning of radical surgical treatment and in appropriately performing colorectal resections, particularly in the patient who underwent in the past colectomy or aortic surgery that has changed the usual pattern of collateral blood supply to the colon. This review summarizes currently available data regarding vascular anatomy of the colon and rectum, from a surgical perspective.     

Vascular leiomyosarcoma: the malignant counterpart of vascular leiomyoma.

The clinical and pathological findings of six cases of leiomyosarcoma arising from blood vessels of different caliber are described. The term vascular leiomyosarcoma, having both a topographic and morphologic significance, is proposed for these tumors. The histologic pattern is characterized by a proliferation of atypical smooth muscle cells with a large number of intermingled blood vessels. Mitoses were counted per 10 high power field (hpf) and tumors were divided in three groups I, 10 to 20 mitoses, group II, 20 to 35 mitoses, and group III, more than 35 mitoses per 10 hpf. The mitotic index seems to be the most important pathological feature on which a prognostic evaluation for vascular leiomyosarcoma can be based. Tumors in group I had neither local recurrences nor metastases; the one tumor in group II had one local recurrence, but the patient is free of disease 6 years after surgical treatment; the three tumors in group III developed distant metastases and constitutional symptoms. Vascular leiomyoma, bizarre leiomyoma, and hemangiopericytoma are included in the differential diagnosis of vascular leimyosarcoma. The possibility that vascular leiomyosarcoma arising from small vessels represents the malignant counterpart of vascular leiomyoma is proposed.     

47例甲状腺癌的外科治疗

 我科于1981年至1990年收治甲状腺癌50例，术前诊断良性瘤24例，颈部肿块6例，恶性20例。其中针吸细胞学检查阳性13例，手术治疗47例，不能手术3例。本组行肿块单纯局切12例，复发9例，复发率75%.术后五年生存率58.33%,10年生存率16.67%,带瘤生存1例。而行患侧腺叶加峡部全切或对侧次全切除，双侧腺叶次全切除以及联合根治术者均未见复发，术后五年生存率87.87%,10年生存率24.24%.本文讨论了甲状腺癌的诊断及手术方式的选择。     

Pancreatic resections for metastases: A twenty-year experience from a tertiary care center

BackgroundLiterature data about pancreatic resections for metastases are limited to small series, so that the role of surgery in this setting remains unclear. We herein report our experience from a tertiary care center, analyzing the outcomes of patients who underwent pancreatic resections for metastases and discussing the role of surgical resection in their management.Materials and methodsFrom January 1999 to January 2019, 26 patients underwent pancreatic resections for metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC-group) or other primitive tumors (non-RCC-group). Details regarding pre-, intra-, post-operative course, and follow-up, prospectively collected in a database of pancreatic resection, were retrospectively analyzed and compared.ResultsRCC-group was composed of 21 patients, non-RCC-group of 5 patients. RCC-group presented a longer disease-free interval: 96.4 vs. 5.4 months (p < 0.001). In 9/21 patients (42.9%) of RCC-group the surgical resection of other organs or vascular structures was performed, while in non-RCC-group pancreatic resection alone was performed in all cases, p = 0.070. No local recurrence was reported in all cases. The systemic recurrence rate was 42.9% (9/21 patients) in RCC-group and 80% (4/5 patients) in non-RCC-group, p = 0.135. RCC-group presented a longer DFS and OS: 107.5 vs. 25.2 months (p = 0.002), and 109.1 vs. 36.2 months (p = 0.016), respectively.ConclusionsRadical pancreatic resection may confer a survival benefit for RCC metastases, while for other primitive tumors it should be applied more selectively. For RCC pancreatic metastases, an aggressive surgical approach, even in patient with locally advanced tumors, or associated extra-pancreatic localizations, or recurrent metastases should be taken in consideration.     

Radical surgical procedure improves survival time in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND. There is plenty of evidence that survival time associated with advanced ovarian cancer is predominantly related to the amount of residual tumor after primary operation. However, there are only few and inconclusive reports concerning the effect of second debulking procedures on survival time after relapse. METHODS. To evaluate the effect of radical second operation, 30 patients with clinically diagnosed relapses had second operations after a median recurrence-free interval of 16 months. Considerable efforts were made to resect all tumor tissue. Complete resection was achieved in 14 of 39 (47%) patients, and residual tumors smaller than 2 cm remained in 12 (40%) patients. In 19 (63%) patients, intestinal resections were necessary. Operation time, blood units needed, hospital stay, and complication rates were comparable to those associated with primary debulking procedures. RESULTS. Survival time after second operation was closely correlated with the residual tumor remaining after second surgical procedure and also with the length of the recurrence-free interval. Patients with complete resections had significantly longer survival times than those with residual tumors of less than 2 cm (median, 29 months versus 9 months; P = 0.004). Patients with a recurrence-free interval of more than 12 months had a longer survival time than those with a shorter disease-free time (median, 29 months versus 8 months; P = 0.002). Postoperative treatment also was shown to influence survival time, whereas grade of the tumor (P = 0.74), age of the patient (P = 0.87), and initial FIGO stage (P = 0.58) had no influence on survival time after second operation. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression) revealed that residual tumor after second surgical procedure (relative risk, 4.7) was the most important independent variable predicting survival time after second surgical procedure. Recurrence-free interval (relative risk, 2.7) and postoperative (second-line) treatment (relative risk, 3.0) were equally potent variables. Residual tumor after primary operation, was almost significant (P = 0.06) in the univariate analysis, but was canceled in the multivariate setting by the recurrence-free interval. Again, FIGO stage, grade of the tumor, and patient age had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS. The authors conclude that radical surgical procedure can prolong survival times in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients who had a complete resection of cancer tissue in the primary operation or those who experienced a disease-free interval of more than 12 months after primary operation are most likely to benefit from second operation in recurrent ovarian cancer. Radical surgical procedure should be offered to these patients to enhance efficacy of second-line chemotherapy, which is of limited value in bulky recurrent disease.     

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine: treatment options and considerations

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign bone lesions with annual incidences ranging from 1.4 to 3.2 cases per million people. Approximately, 10–30 % of ABCs are found in the spine. Such lesions are traditionally treated with curettage or other intralesional techniques. Because ABCs can be locally aggressive, intralesional resection can be incomplete and result in recurrence. This has led to increased use of novel techniques, including selective arterial embolization (SAE). This study aims to: (1) compare outcomes based on extent of surgical resection, and (2) compare the efficacy of SAE versus surgical resection. Clinical data pertaining to 71 cases of spinal ABCs were ambispectively collected from nine institutions in Europe, North America, and Australia. Twenty-two spinal ABCs were treated with surgery, 32 received preoperative embolization and surgery, and 17 were treated with SAE. Most tumors were classified as Enneking stage 2 (n = 29, 41 %) and stage 3 (n = 29, 41 %). Local recurrence and survival were investigated and a significant difference was not observed between treatment groups. However, all three local recurrences occurred following surgical resection. Surgical resection was further categorized based on Enneking appropriateness. Recurrences only occurred following intralesional Enneking inappropriate (EI) resections (P = 0.10), a classification that characterized 47 % of all surgical resections. Furthermore, 56 % of intralesional resections were EI, compared to only 10 % of en bloc resections (P = 0.01). Although SAE treatment did not result in any local recurrences, 35 % involved more than five embolization procedures. Spinal ABCs can be effectively treated with intralesional resection, en bloc resection, or SAE. Preoperative embolization should be considered before intralesional resection to limit intraoperative bleeding. Treatment plans must be guided by lesion characteristics and clinical presentation.