改良Madigan前列腺切除术

我院自1995年6月～1996年10月对38例前列腺增生症患者施行改良的uadigan前列腺切除术，疗效满意，现报告如下。1资料与方法1．亚临床资料本组38例，年龄59～83岁，平均69．3岁；病程3个月～13年，平均3年2个月。均有典型前列腺增生的临床表现，其中20例有尿酷留史。残余尿100～58Oml，平均190ml；平均最大尿流率＜10mW。前列腺1度增生5例，刀度20例，三度13例，其中11例伴中叶增生。B超检查前列腺最大径4．9～7．3。m，平均5．5cm。12例术前曾行膀航镇检查。并发膀肥结石9例（其中5例为多发性结石），泌尿系感染15例，冠心病和高血压7例，…     

钬激光前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生

20 0 1年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 2月 ,我院微创外科中心收治 2 7例前列腺增生症患者 ,采用钬激光前列腺切除术 (HoLEP) ,取得满意的临床效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料本组 2 7例 ,年龄 65～ 81岁 ,平均 73岁。并发心血管及肺功能不全者 9例 ,所有患者均行经直肠B超检查 ,前列腺平均为 40ml。国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)平均为 2 3.5分。尿流率平均为 9ml/s。伴尿潴留者 1 1例 ,其中 2例因前列腺特异抗原(PSA) >1 0 μg/L ,及术中活检诊断为前列腺癌。 2例术前确诊前列腺癌行去势术后 ,1例 2年后PSA又上升并伴排尿困难…     

经尿道电汽化术治疗前列腺增生100例报告

本组BPH100例，年龄45～86岁，平均66．4岁。病程6月～20年，平均4．9年，按ROUS标准：Ⅰ度增生4例，Ⅱ度增生30例，Ⅲ度增生35例，Ⅳ度增生21例。术前留置导尿管10例。并发高血压12例，脑血管意外后遗症(偏瘫)4例，冠心病14例，慢支肺气肿10例，糖尿病6例，最大尿流率平均为5．8ml／s，平均尿流率为4．6ml／s，残余尿平均为78ml。     

经尿道电切气化术治疗良性前列腺增生3例报告

我院2000年10月～2001年6月采用经尿道前列腺电切气化术(TVP)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)30例,疗效满意,现报告如下。 资料与方法 本组30例,年龄50～85岁,平均75.5岁。病程3月～8年不等。夜尿3～14次。急、慢性尿潴留者12例。发生肉眼血尿者5例。剩余尿量60～350ml,平均87ml 最大尿流率     

悬浮离子刀经尿道前列腺切除术80例报告

2003年4月～2004年6月我科采用悬浮离子刀经尿道前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生患者80例,报告如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料本组80例,平均年龄73(67～88)岁,病史2个月～10年。临床表现:排尿迟缓、断续,尿流细而无力,射程短,终末滴沥,排尿时间延长,5例出现尿潴留。32例有急性尿潴留病史,3例伴有膀胱结石,5例伴脑血管病后遗症,3例伴陈旧性心肌梗塞。术前残余尿量平均80(0～350)ml,最大尿流率平均8(0～15)ml/s。前列腺平均56.5(25～80)g。均经前列腺彩超确诊,行直肠指检,前列腺增生Ⅱ～Ⅲ度。1.2手术方法采用德国LEMKEHF400悬浮离子外科手术控制系…     

前列腺部分电汽化切除术治疗高危重度前列腺增生症〗

我院自1998年应用经尿道部分前列腺电汽化切除术(transurethal vaporization, TUVP)治疗高危重度前列腺增生(BPH),现将资料完整的30例报告如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料本组30例,年龄70～86岁,平均75岁.至少合并心、肺、肝、肾功能不全、脑血管意外之一定为高危前列腺增生[1].术前留置导尿管6例,B超检测前列腺重量[前列腺重量(g)=长(cm)×横(cm)×厚(cm)×0.57×1.05g*cm-3],前列腺重量为60～135g,平均80.5g.术后随访1～12个月,手术前后测定国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、尿流率(UFR)和剩余尿(R).     

经尿道电切术治疗并发严重肺功能不全良性前列腺增生症

本院对 2 1例良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)并发严重肺功能不全患者行经尿道电切术 (TURP)的围手术期处理 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。1 　 资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料本组 2 1例 BPH并发慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、肺功能不全的患者 ,年龄 68～ 81岁 ,平均 75.4岁。前列腺增生 度 8例、 度 1 3例。 5例有慢性尿潴留 ,留置导尿管 ;1 6例严重排尿困难 ,间歇性尿潴留发生 2次以上 ,最大尿流率均 <1 0 ml/s。并发膀胱结石 2例 ,尿路感染 3例。1 .2 　 肺功能测定肺功能采用日本 Chestac- 65型肺功能检查仪 ,按常规方法进行肺功能检查 ,肺功能判定标准…     

动脉栓塞治疗前列腺增生15例

2000-05～2000-12我们采用放射介入法栓塞前列腺动脉治疗前列腺增生(BPH)15例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 BPH15例,年龄65～74(平均69)岁。均有进行性排尿困难和急性尿潴留病史。全部PSA正常。经肛门指诊和B超检查确定Ⅱ度增生3例,Ⅲ度增生11例,Ⅳ度增生1例。合并腹股沟斜疝1例,有高血压冠心病史8例,肾功能不全3例,合并阳萎者3例。IPSS(28.4±2.0),QOL(5.5±0.5),最大尿流率(5.8±1.2)ml/s,平均尿流率(3.5±1.0)ml/s。     

经尿道前列腺电气化术92例体会

我院自 1 998年 1 0月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,应用经尿道前列腺电气化术 (TVP)治疗前列腺增生症(BPH) 92例 ,取得了满意疗效 ,报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料本组 92例 ,年龄 55～ 83岁 ,平均 72岁。有排尿困难史 1～ 1 0年 ,平均 3年。夜尿次数 4～ 1 0次。直肠指检前列腺最小 4.5cm× 3.6cm,最大 5.5cm× 6.0 cm。B超前列腺测重 40～ 1 2 0 g,平均 60 g。剩余尿量 50～ 2 0 0 ml,平均 82 ml。最大尿流率 5～1 2 ml/s,平均 8ml/s,IPSS评分 1 1～ 32分 ,平均2 4分。因尿潴留就诊入院 42例 (45.7% ) ,并发膀胱结石 6例 (6.5% ) ,并…     

耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术非膀胱造瘘85例报告

从1995年4月～1996年5月间，找们对85例前列腺增生患者行耻骨上经膀恍前列腺切除术并留置三腔气囊导尿管进行治疗，取得满意效果，现报告如下。1资料与方法1．1临床资料本组85例，年龄引～86岁，平均69岁，有排尿困难史l～2年。前列腺I度增生2例，Iof增生33例，刀度增生SO例。32例有尿赌留，其中20例并发不同程度肾功能损害和肾积水。尿流率测定均呈下尿路梗阻性尿流曲线。B超检查示残余尿量为60～42Oml。并发慢性支气管炎12例，高血压10例，冠心病6例，糖尿病5例。以b并发症均经内科处理，病情稳定后再行手术；并发肾功能损害者则引流膀…     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.