冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行瓣膜手术临床分析

目的总结在冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏瓣膜手术的临床经验。方法30例患者在冠状动脉旁路移植术同期进行瓣膜手术,年龄40-76（62．9±10．4）岁。其中缺血性瓣膜病变22例,风湿性瓣膜病变8例。术前冠状动脉造影诊断26例,术中发现冠脉严重病变4例。全组共移植血管133支（平均4．43支）。同期行主动脉瓣置换术3例、二尖瓣置换术12例、二尖瓣成形术8例、双瓣膜手术7例。结果术后住院死亡1例（3．3％）,死于严重低心排血量。术后心功能Ⅰ级22例、Ⅱ级7例,均较术前明显改善。结论同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术和瓣膜手术安全、有效。冠心病与心脏瓣膜病同时存在明显加重了心肌损害,完善纠治瓣膜病变、充分心肌再血管化和严格的术中心肌保护是手术成功的关键。     

同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与瓣膜手术23例

目的分析同时行冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜手术的治疗效果。方法23例患者同时行瓣膜手术与冠状动脉旁路移植术,平均年龄63.3(41～81)岁。瓣膜病变8例为风湿性,10例为瓣膜退行性病变,5例为缺血性二尖瓣反流。术前心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级13例、Ⅳ级4例。手术在中度低温体外循环下进行,心脏停跳后,先做静脉桥的远端吻合,然后置换瓣膜。静脉桥与升主动脉的近端吻合在升主动脉一次阻断下或心脏复苏后完成。乳内动脉的吻合在换瓣后心脏复苏前完成。5例行二尖瓣成形,18例行瓣膜置换(使用生物瓣与机械瓣者分别为7例及11例,其中主动脉瓣置换12例、二尖瓣置换4例、双瓣置换2例)。结果术后呼吸机使用时间平均28.2(11￣247)h,平均ICU停留3.1(1￣34)d。4例患者因发生低心排综合征而行主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),其中死亡1例。1例发生脑梗塞,1例置入永久起搏器。术后心功能Ⅰ级15例、Ⅱ级7例,均较术前明显改善。随访3￣55个月,术后均无心绞痛发作,未发生与抗凝相关的出血或血栓、栓塞事件。1例术后第4年死于恶性肿瘤。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术同时行瓣膜手术是安全、有效的。彻底纠治瓣膜病变、充分心肌再血管化和心肌保护是手术成功的关键。     

70岁以上患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术的临床分析

目的总结70岁以上患者同期冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与心脏瓣膜手术的经验。方法选择70岁以上患者同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术患者22例。主动脉瓣置换8例,二尖瓣置换3例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换2例,二尖瓣成形5例,二尖瓣加三尖瓣成形2例,主动脉瓣置换加二尖瓣成形1例,二尖瓣置换三尖瓣整形1例。共旁路移植67支,平均1～5(3.1±1.7)支。结果本组围手术期无死亡。重症监护室滞留时间59～163(91.6±35.9)h,机械通气时间12～96(43.8±26.1)h,术后住院时间15～44(21.3±9.2)d。左心室舒张末内径较术前明显降低[(50.5±7.7)mmvs(56.5±10.2)mm,P<0.01)],LVEF较术前明显升高[(52.6±10.6)%vs(47.9±10.2)%,P<0.05]。术后随访6个月～1年,死亡2例。结论老年患者同期施行CABG与心脏瓣膜手术效果满意。加强围手术期管理、恰当处理瓣膜病变、心肌充分再血管化、良好心肌保护和缩短心肌缺血时间是手术成功的关键因素。     

老年风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病的同期手术治疗

【】 目的 总结风湿性心脏病(风心病)合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的老年患者同期手术治疗的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析了武汉亚洲心脏病医院从2010年1月～2013年5月间89例65岁以上风心病合并冠心病患者进行同期瓣膜手术和冠脉搭桥手术治疗的临床资料,其中男性52例,女性37例,平均年龄(70．6±3．4)岁;心功能II级10例,III级45例,IV级34例;二尖瓣病变45例,主动脉瓣病变22例,联合瓣膜病变22例;均伴有单支或多支冠状动脉病变。手术行二尖瓣成形17例,行二尖瓣置换28例,行主动脉瓣置换22例,行双瓣置换18例, 主动脉瓣置换和二尖瓣成形4例;30例为机械瓣置换,42例为生物瓣置换;冠脉搭桥平均2.2支/例。结果 手术体外循环时间(116．2±22．4)min,主动脉阻断时间(80．5±13．6)min。术后早期死亡4例,死因主要为低心排出量综合症并多器官功能衰竭;其余患者恢复良好。随访79例,随访时间12～52月,随访期间死亡5例,1例为术后8、12个月消化道出血死亡,2例术后2年死于脑血管意外,1例术后4年死于肺癌。其余患者心功能较术前改善,生活质量提高。结论 对老年风心病合并冠心病患者进行同期瓣膜置换和冠脉搭桥手术治疗是安全可行的,近期疗效满意。     

瓣膜置换术治疗重症风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病51例临床观察

目的探讨瓣膜置换术治疗重症风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病的临床经验。方法51例重症风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者行中、低温体外循环下阻断升主动脉手术,二尖瓣置换26例,主动脉瓣置换9例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣联合置换16例。结果无手术死亡;术后发生并发症19例,术后早期死亡3例,48例痊愈出院,随访心功能恢复到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论加强围术期监测和管理可提高瓣膜置换术治疗重症风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病的疗效。     

瓣膜替换或成形术同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床分析

目的　分析 76例瓣膜替换或成形术同时行冠状动脉旁路移植术的危险因素 ,并介绍此类手术的成功经验。方法　行瓣膜替换或成形术同时行冠状动脉旁路移植术 76例。男 6 1例 ,女 15例 ,平均年龄 5 6岁 ,共移植旁路血管 117支 ,同时行主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) (1～ 3支桥 ) 2 5例 ,二尖瓣置换 (MVR) (1～ 4支桥 ) 31例 (MVR TVP 3例 ,MVR AVR 2例 ) ,双瓣置换 (BVR)(1～ 3支桥 ) 18例 (BVR TVP 2例 ) ,及MVP (1支桥 ) 1例 (MVP TVP 1例 )。 6 7例瓣膜病理改变为风湿性瓣膜病变 ,9例为瓣膜退行性病变或先天性畸形。应用SPSS统计软件进行手术相关危险因素的分析。结果　术后早期死亡 6例 (7.89% )。 6 3例患者有术后远期随访记录 ,随访率 90 % ,平均随访 2 6 .8个月 ,6 2例心功能明显改善 ,1例远期死亡 (术后 9个月死于亚急性细菌性心内膜炎 )。结论　瓣膜手术同时行冠状动脉旁路移植术的危险性高于单一手术 ,术前心肌梗塞中、心功能、EF、体外循环时间和动脉阻断时间与手术死亡率相关。彻底解除瓣膜病变、充分的心肌再血管化和良好的心肌保护是手术成功的主要因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期心脏瓣膜术治疗心脏瓣膜病的临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术同期心脏瓣膜手术的临床治疗效果。方法选取2011年1月2013年1月冠状动脉旁路移植术同期心脏瓣膜手术患者20例，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后早期死亡3例，死亡率为15．0％，其中1例患者因左室破裂死亡，1例因多器官功能衰竭死亡，1例因呛咳导致室颤死亡。对余下17例患者手术治疗，随访3个月～18个月，患者心功能得到有效改善，无严重心绞痛发生。结论风湿性瓣膜病患者，且存在冠心病高危因素，则应进行冠状动脉造影检查，缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的患者，如果瓣膜成形效果不显著，则应保留瓣下结构的瓣膜置换。     

冠心病和瓣膜病同期手术患者临床特征分析

目的分析冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病((冠心病)和瓣膜病合并存在,需同期手术患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析深圳市孙逸仙心血管医院同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术和瓣膜置换手术患者40例的临床资料。患者分为两组,其中以冠心病入院,合并瓣膜病者设为A组(n=19),以瓣膜病为主,合并冠心病者设为B组(n=21),对比分析两组患者的临床资料。结果 A组患者的年龄、心绞痛症状、主动脉瓣狭窄、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变的发生率及冠状动脉旁路移植术数均明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者心房纤颤、二尖瓣病变、冠状动脉单支病变的发生率明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的体质量、心功能Ⅳ级、陈旧心肌梗死、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机时间、重症监护病房时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠心病合并瓣膜病患者和瓣膜病合并冠心病患者的临床特征是不同的,术前明确冠心病和瓣膜病复合存在的情况,可提高冠状动脉旁路移植和瓣膜置换同期手术的手术成功率。     

43例老年瓣膜病治疗体会

由于外科、麻醉、体外循环灌注、心肌保护及围手术期管理技术的进步,瓣膜手术的病死率显著下降,手术疗效明显提高〔1〕。现报道我们的诊治体会。1临床资料1.1一般资料1993年8月～2006年12月老年瓣膜病瓣膜替换术患者43例,均经临床检查、X线、超声心动图、心电图证实诊断,近8年的21例术前常规行冠状动脉造影。男29例,女14例,年龄60～78岁,平均(65.41±3.25)岁,体重42～81kg。1.2术前情况病因诊断:(1)风湿性瓣膜病38例,其中单纯二尖瓣病变10例,单纯主动脉瓣病变5例,二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变10例,二尖瓣合并三尖瓣继发性改变11例,二尖瓣、主动…     

St．Jude人工机械瓣膜临床应用20年经验总结

方法 1979年1月至2000年12月,共随访837例瓣膜置换患者,年龄19～84岁,包括主动脉瓣置换478例(378例置换标准St.Jude瓣,78例置换Master系列瓣,22例置换HP系列瓣),其中术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)150例;二尖瓣置换359例(266例置换标准St.Jude瓣,93例置换Master系列瓣),其中有369例术前心功能NY-     

瓣膜性心脏病伴缺血性心脏病的外科治疗

目的 :总结瓣膜性心脏病伴缺血性心脏病手术治疗的早期效果和经验 ,以期提高疗效。方法 :11例患者中 ,行主动脉瓣置换术 4例 ,二尖瓣置换术 2例 ,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换术 1例 ,主动脉带瓣管道置换 2例 ,二尖瓣成形术 1例和三尖瓣成形术 1例 ;搭 1支桥 4例 ,搭 2支桥 1例 ,3支桥 3例 ,4支桥 3例 ,平均 (2 .5±1.3)支。结果 :11例无手术早期死亡 ,痊愈出院 ;随访 2～ 16 (平均 6 .3)个月 ,心绞痛症状消失 ,心功能明显改善。结论 :对年龄 >5 0岁瓣膜病患者或具有冠心病高危因素患者 ,应行冠状动脉造影检查 ;彻底纠正心脏病变 ,加强心肌保护 ;妥善处理术后并发症 ,手术疗效满意     

风湿性心脏病合并冠心病的同期外科治疗

目的 探讨风湿性心脏病合并冠心病的同期外科治疗,提高手术效果.方法 回顾性分析9例患者同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜手术的临床资料及远期随访资料,其中二尖瓣置换6例,二尖瓣成形2例,主动脉置换1例.合并冠状动脉单支病变中7例用左乳内动脉做血管桥,二支病变中1例用左乳内动脉加大隐静脉做血管桥,1例用左乳内动脉加左桡动脉做血管桥.结果 术后平均呼吸机辅助时间19 h,平均重症监护室监护时间2.6天,出院前行超声检查心功能,射血分数上升0%～20%.发生呼吸功能不全3例,严重心律失常3例,出血再次开胸1例,经治疗均好转.心绞痛不同程度消失,无围手术期死亡,远期随访心功能明显改善.结论 积极、正确的围手术期处理, 改善心功能,尽量缩短主动脉阻断时间,术中心肌保护良好,是提高瓣膜病合并冠心病患者手术成功率、降低死亡率、减少并发症的关键.     

急诊心脏瓣膜替换25例报告

目的:探讨急诊心脏瓣膜替换手术时机和围手术期处理措施。方法:1995年1月至2009年5月,对急性心脏瓣膜功能障碍致急性心肺功能衰竭施行急诊瓣膜置换25例,其中男性15例,女性10例,年龄12～64岁,术前心功能均为Ⅳ级。二尖瓣病变17例,其中二尖瓣机械瓣替换术后血栓形成致人工瓣膜功能障碍7例,人工瓣膜性心内膜炎并瓣周漏4例,感染性心内膜炎致急性二尖瓣腱索及乳头肌断裂并二尖瓣重度关闭不全5例,二尖瓣关闭不全并预激症1例。主动脉瓣病变8例,其中感染性心内膜炎并主动脉穿孔致急性心力衰竭(心衰)3例,血栓形成致人工瓣功能障碍2例,主动脉关闭不全并主动脉窦瘤破裂致急性心衰2例,外伤性主动脉瓣撕裂致主动脉瓣重度关闭不全1例。二尖瓣替换18例,其中再次心脏瓣膜替换11例,同时施行三尖瓣成形9例,异常传导束旁路切断1例。主动脉瓣替换8例。置入机械瓣22例,生物瓣3例。主动脉阻断时间34～80 min,转流时间70～160 min。结果:早期死亡1例,死于术后严重低心排综合征(低心排),其余病例术后恢复顺利,随访1～13年,心功能恢复良好。结论:及时、准确诊断,果断抉择手术时机,合理选择术式及良好围术期处理是进一步提高手术疗效的关键。     

Surgical treatment of the ischemic mitral valve

The best management for moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) at the time of coronary revascularization remains controversial. During the era preceding standardization of mitral annuloplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone was the most common strategy for ischemic MR. This approach avoided mitral valve replacement, and there was an expectation that myocardial revascularization would improve papillary muscle function and valve performance. Long-term follow up revealed, however, a relationship between residual MR and mortality. Recent studies have further refined management of ischemic MR. It is now understood that Carpentier type IIIb dysfunction is the basis for ischemic MR, and that a reduction remodeling annuloplasty can improve leaflet coaptation in this setting. Mortality after combined CABG and mitral annuloplasty has decreased in our institution from 14% to 4% over the past decade. Furthermore, a strategy of CABG alone will leave a significant number of patients (approximately 40%) with moderate to severe MR. Our current approach is to explore all valves at the time of CABG with documented grade 3+ MR on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) underestimates moderate MR. In patients with a lesser degree of MR, intraoperative provocative testing guides our valve strategy. Severe left ventricular dysfunction and a history of congestive heart failure will also influence the decision regarding valve exploration at the time of CABG. A prospective randomized trial between CABG and CABG + mitral annuloplasty is necessary to further define the best management strategy for patients with moderate ischemic MR.     

冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的探讨冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗原则。方法选择冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者61例,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 45例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣成形术,16例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣置换术,其中2例患者行二尖瓣置换术,术后早期死于心力衰竭,余59例均治愈岀院。术后复查超声心动图检查显示,左心室舒张末内径从(52.8±11.3)mm降至(47.9±8.9)mm(P<0.01),LVEF从(46±11)%升至(52±12)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者,同期处理二尖瓣后效果满意。     

Echocardiographic and clinical correlations in infectious endocarditis of the left heart

The echocardiographic features were correlated with the clinical findings and outcome in 35 patients with aortic and/or mitral valve endocarditis. There were 26 males and 9 females with a mean age of 38 years. The infection involved native valves in 27 patients and prosthetic valves in 8 patients. Echocardiographically, fourteen patients had involvement of native aortic valve. All patients in this group required surgical intervention, nine patients during antimicrobial therapy. Congestive heart failure was the clinical indication for valvular replacement. A patient died immediately after surgery from low cardiac output syndrome. Six patients had echocardiographic evidence of aortic and mitral valves involvement. A patient in this group expired before surgery, five underwent surgery because of progressive heart failure (aortic or aortic and mitral valves replacement). Seven patients showed lesions on native mitral valve (6 in this group had prolapse syndrome). A patient died from cerebrovascular embolus, two underwent surgery because of persistent infection and embolic events, four were successfully treated with medical therapy. Among patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis, four showed signs of valvular dehiscence and required surgical intervention, during antimicrobial therapy, from congestive heart failure; one patient expired from recurrent infection. The pathological findings correlated well with echocardiographic findings. Conclusions: in IE the localization of lesions by echo has prognostic significance: most patients with aortic valve or aortic and mitral valves endocarditis require early surgical intervention because of congestive heart failure. On the contrary, mitral valve involvement carries a better prognosis, requiring less frequently valvular replacement; the patients with echocardiographic signs of prosthetic valve dehiscence require urgent intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of coronary bypass and valve structure on outcome in isolated valve replacement for aortic stenosis

Reports differ regarding the effect of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients who undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS), and no reports have described the effect of aortic valve structure in patients who undergo AVR for AS. A total of 871 patients aged 24 to 94 years (mean 70) whose AVR for AS was their first cardiac operation, with or without first concomitant CABG, were included. Patients who underwent mitral valve procedures were excluded. In comparison with the 443 patients (51%) who did not undergo CABG, the 428 (49%) who underwent concomitant CABG were significantly older, were more often male, had lower transvalvular peak systolic pressure gradients and larger valve areas, had lower frequencies of congenitally malformed aortic valves, had lighter valves by weight, had higher frequencies of systemic hypertension, and had longer stays in the hospital after AVR. Early and late (to 10 years) mortality were similar by propensity-adjusted analysis in patients who did and did not undergo concomitant CABG. Congenitally unicuspid or bicuspid valves occurred in approximately 90% of those aged 21 to 50, in nearly 70% in those aged 51 to 70 years, and in just over 30% in those aged 71 to 95 years. Unadjusted and adjusted survival was significantly higher in patients with unicuspid or bicuspid valves compared to those with tricuspid valves. In conclusion, although concomitant CABG had no effect on the adjusted probability of survival, the type of aortic valve (unicuspid or bicuspid vs tricuspid) significantly affected the unadjusted and adjusted probability of survival.     

Cardiac Disease in Patients with Reversible Cerebral Ischemic Events

ABSTRACT The establishment of a possible association between ischemic cerebral attacks and prolapsing mitral valve has been studied in 45 consecutive patients aged 60 years or less with transient cerebral ischemic attacks and reversible ischemic neurological deficits. The study comprised cardiac history, auscultation, electrocardiography and echocardiography. We found only one patient (2%) with mitral valve prolapse but 19 patients (42%) with cardiac abnormalities. Two of the patients with cardiac abnormalities had a flail posterior mitral leaflet, one had ventricular septal defect and one had sclerotic aortic valves. We conclude that all patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks should be subjected to heart examination, if possible including echocardiography.