儿童扁桃体腺样体低温等离子射频消融术后出血特点分析及应对策略

目的　探讨低温等离子射频消融和传统手术行儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术在术后出血方面存在的差异特点,并提出应对策略。方法　选取2014年于我科行扁桃体腺样体射频消融术999例为等离子组,2010年于我科行扁桃体腺样体切除术1275例为传统组。比较两组总出血率、原发性及继发性出血的发生率、出血部位、出血程度和治疗方法的差异。结果　等离子组术后总出血率、出血部位分布、出血程度和治疗方法分布上与传统组相比差异无统计学意义。等离子组术后原发性出血少于传统组,而继发性出血多于传统组,差异有统计学意义。结论　等离子手术与传统手术相比并不增加术后出血几率,在出血部位分布、治疗方法分布上亦无明显差别;但术后原发性出血减少,而继发性出血升高,分析等离子手术后出血的常见原因,并针对性提出应对策略     

低温等离子扁桃体切除术后出血临床分析CSCD

目的分析低温等离子扁桃体切除患者术后出血临床特征,探讨可能的危险因素。方法回顾性分析联勤保障部队第九〇八医院耳鼻咽喉科诊治的574例行低温等离子扁桃体切除术患者术后出血临床特点及可能危险因素,探讨不同出血部位与出血程度的关系,分析不同年龄组术后出血特征区别。结果术后总出血率为5.40%(31/574),以继发性出血为主,单因素分析结果显示>14岁组和≤14岁组患者术后出血率分别为8.30%(22/265)和2.91%(9/309),差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);扁桃体切除术+UPPP患者术后出血率为10.77%(7/65),比单纯扁桃体切除术患者(6.45%,16/248)及扁桃体切除术+腺样体切除术患者(3.07%,8/261)明显增高,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素二元Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄与术后出血呈显著相关(r=1.522,P<0.01);7例扁桃体下极出血中严重出血4例,明显高于扁桃体中段出血(0例)和扁桃体上极出血(1例),差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年龄组在出血类型、出血程度及出血部位方面差异比较均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论年龄是低温等离子扁桃体切除术后出血的独立危险因素,扁桃体下极出血与术后严重出血显著相关。     

儿童扁桃体腺样体低温等离子手术迟发性出血的初步研究

目的 比较低温等离子手术与常规手术方式在儿童扁桃体、腺样体手术后迟发性出血(手术24 h后)率及出血时间点的情况,初步探讨导致低温等离子手术迟发性出血的可能原因.方法 回顾性分析的方法研究采用传统手术和低温等离子手术行扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体刮除术1～14岁患儿术后迟发性出血率及出血时间点的差异.传统组为2005年4月至2006年7月行传统冷法手术(即传统手术刀切除,对周围组织没有热损伤的方法)的患儿,等离子组为2008年4月至2009年9月行低温等离子扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体消融术的患儿.结果 传统组患儿484例,术后迟发性出血2例,迟发性出血率为0.4%,出血时间点1例为术后2 d,另1例为术后3 d.等离子组患儿502例,术后迟发性出血11例,迟发性出血率为2.2%,出血时间点2～12 d,中位数为6.0 d.其中等离子刀初学者主刀手术的迟发性出血率为2.6%(10/385),技术操作熟练者手术的迟发性出血率为0.9%(1/117).等离子组迟发性出血率高于传统组(χ2=5.987,P=0.014),两组出血时间点差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney检验U=2.500,P=0.103).13例出血患儿中创面局部或上呼吸道感染者6例,术后进食不当的3例.结论 低温等离子技术应用于儿童扁桃体腺样体手术后迟发性出血的原因可能与手术技能经验不足、止血稳定性欠佳等有关,术后感染和进食不当也会造成迟发性出血,应引起临床重视.     

儿童扁桃体切除术后出血率及出血程度分级的初步探讨

目的　统计儿童扁桃体切除术后出血率,根据Windfuhr分级法衡量儿童扁桃体术后出血的程度。方法 统计2010年3月～2013年3月在深圳市儿童医院行扁桃体切 除或扁桃体加腺样体切除患儿资料,统计术后出血发生率。结果　1672例患儿扁桃体切除术后出血16例,出血率为0.96%。女童术后出血率1.8%明显高于男童出血率0.53%,差异有统计学意义（χ 2=5.545,P <0.05）;原发性出血6例,继发性出血10例。出血程度1级9例,2级7例。结论 儿童扁桃体切除术后出血率很低,遇有活动性出血者应手气管插管全麻下止血。     

等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童鼾症术后出血的危险因素分析

目的 探讨等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童鼾症术后出血的危险因素,为降低术后出血提供理论参考依据。方法　选取信阳市中心医院2017年1月~2019年12月等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗的740例鼾症患儿作为研究对象,观察术后是否出血分为出血组（32例）和未出血组（708例）,对比两组临床资料,同时采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定患儿等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术后出血的危险因素。结果　740例患儿术后出血32例,出血率为4.32%。出血组与未出血组单因素分析,年龄、身体 质量指数Z分数（body mass index Z score,BMIZ）、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、鼾症家族史、扁桃体嵌入程度、术前诊断情况、平均手术时间、抗生素使用、手术医师对等离子熟练程度以及饮食配合度差异均有统计学意义（P 均<0.05）;多变量Logistic 回归分析表明患儿年龄≥6岁、术前诊断情况、扁桃体嵌入程度、饮食配合度以及抗生素使用是治疗儿童鼾症术后出血的危险因素（P 均<0.05）。结论　等离子辅助下扁桃体及腺样体切除术治疗儿童鼾症疗效较好,但术后出血危险因素诸多且复杂,年 龄、术前诊断情况、扁桃体嵌入程度、饮食配合度及抗生素使用情况均会影响术后出血,可重点关注以降低术后出血风险,促进术后康复。     

等离子消融术治疗儿童OSAS190例临床观察

目的 探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)行内镜下低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体后效果欠佳的原因、术后出血的原因及改进的方法.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月-2011-6月年为190例实行内镜下低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床资料.结果 疗效评定:治愈152例(80％),显效27例(14.21％),有效9例(4.74％),无效2例,总有效率98.94％.显效及有效的36例中有15例为合并慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者,有望通过鼻部治疗而治愈;6例出现咽腔出血,其中1例是腺样体出血,5例是扁桃体窝出血.结论 低温等离子切除扁桃体及腺样体治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征效果肯定,术后疗效欠佳的原因是单一切除扁桃体或者腺样体、手术适应症未选择好,鼻部疾患未治愈,术后出血是创面未彻底止血,可以通过腺样体创面彻底止血、缝合扁桃体窝而避免.     

探讨低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS手术中的应用价值

目的探讨低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS的临床应用疗效及并发症。方法选择2017年3月～2018年2月行手术治疗的89例OSAHS患儿,随机数字法分为观察组和对照组。观察组51例,用低温等离子刀行扁桃体切除术及腺样体消融术。对照组38例,行常规扁桃体切除术及腺样体切除术。对比观察两组患儿治疗有效率、手术持续时间、术中出血量,术后再出血率。结果观察组有效率为98.04%,对照组有效率为84.21%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039),观察组有效率高于对照组。在手术时间、术中出血量等方面,低温等离子手术组均优于常规手术组。观察组无术后出血病例,再出血率为0.00%;对照组有4例术后出血,再出血率为10.53%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.030),观察组术后出血率低于对照组。结论低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS手术中,具有疗效好、术中出血量少、手术时间短,术后再出血率低等优点,值得在临床中广泛推广应用。     

鼻内镜下腺样体低温等离子消融术和动力切割术的疗效比较

目的：分别通过低温等离子射频消融和鼻动力切割进行腺样体切除,观察两种手术方式的手术时间、出血量及疗效,分析两种手术方式的优缺点。方法收集2008年1月～2011年12月我院收治的儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）中,扁桃体和/或腺样体肥大的患儿共75例,其中30例行鼻动力切割腺样体切除术,45例行低温等离子射频消融腺样体切除术,统计两种术式的手术时间、出血量及术后半年疗效（儿童OSAHS疾病特异性生活质量调查（OSA-18））评估有无差异。结果鼻动力切割组与等离子消融组比较,两者切除腺样体手术时间差异无统计学意义,但是鼻动力切割组出血量明显多于等离子消融组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两者手术方式对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征都有治疗效果。结论两种术式术后都能改善患儿的生活质量,疗效满意;鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融腺样体切除术较鼻动力切割手术出血明显减少,值得推广。     

低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统方式行扁桃体切除术的比较

目的 探讨运用低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统手术方式行扁桃体切除术的优、缺点,并对三种术式特点和应用价值进行评价。 方法 需行扁桃体切除术的患者117例,分为低温等离子刀组、超声刀组及传统组,每组各39例,记录双侧扁桃体切除术的手术时间和术中出血量、术后咽部疼痛、术后原发性及继发性出血等。 结果 等离子刀组、超声刀组的手术时间及术中出血量均较传统组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);等离子刀组手术时间 ［(9.92±4.04)min］较超声刀组手术时间［(15.86±1.36)min］短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。等离子刀组、超声刀组分别与传统组在术后前3天的疼痛评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),此后三组疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);等离子刀组较超声刀组术后疼痛轻,但是两者疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。等离子刀组与传统组各出现1例术后原发性出血的病例。等离子刀组1例、超声刀组1例、传统组2例出现继发性出血。三组伪膜开始脱落时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组术后24 h咽部水肿评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等离子刀组及超声刀组咽部水肿轻于传统组,但等离子刀组与传统组咽部水肿差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 低温等离子刀切除扁桃体是较为安全、有效的手术方法,但其费用相对较高。对于慢性扁桃体炎病程长且瘢痕粘连较重的患者,建议选用超声刀切除扁桃体。     

日间手术模式开展儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术的可行性分析

目的探讨日间手术模式开展儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年7月~2020年12月我院开展的扁桃体腺样体切除术病例,其中日间手术2172例,常规住院手术6175例。比较两组的手术时间、住院天数,住院总费用、术后疼痛及术后并发症发生率等情况。结果日间手术组的手术时间,住院时间和住院费用明显低于常规住院组,差异有统计学意义;术后疼痛及术后并发症发生率二组相似,差异无统计学意义。结论日间手术模式开展儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术,可以明显缩短住院时间、减少住院费用,不增加术后疼痛程度及术后并发症的发生率。在做好术前患儿评估,充分做好家长围手术期的指导宣教,日间手术模式开展儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术是安全、可行的。     

Coblation tonsillectomy versus dissection tonsillectomy: postoperative hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Coblation tonsillectomy is a recently introduced surgical technique. To measure its benefits against traditional tonsillectomy techniques, it is necessary to compare their complication rates. The study aims to identify differences in reactionary and secondary hemorrhage proportions, comparing coblation with dissection tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: Rates of reactionary and delayed postoperative hemorrhage were measured, comparing 844 coblation tonsillectomies with a control group of 743 tonsillectomies performed by blunt dissection with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. RESULTS: The secondary hemorrhage rate with coblation-assisted tonsillectomy was 2.25% compared with 6.19% in the control group (P <.05). The rate of secondary hemorrhage in children following coblation tonsillectomy was 0.95% compared with 4.77% in the control group (P <.05). The difference was also significant (P <.05) in the adult population (4.40% vs. 8.81%, respectively). No difference was found in the reactionary hemorrhage proportions. CONCLUSION: In the study, coblation tonsillectomy was associated with a lesser incidence of delayed hemorrhage, more significantly in the pediatric population. The new technique using tissue coblation for tonsil dissection offers significant advantages in the postoperative period compared with dissection tonsillectomy with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. Coblation is associated with less postoperative pain and early return to daily activities. Also, there are fewer secondary infections of the tonsil bed and significantly lower rates of secondary hemorrhage with coblation. These results and the disposable nature of the coblation equipment promote coblation tonsillectomy as the authors' preferred dissection method.     

低温等离子辅助下儿童扁桃体全切除与部分切除的比较

目的 探讨应用低温等离子辅助下治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)时扁桃体全切除与部分切除的疗效比较.方法 回顾性分析应用等离子技术手术治疗的4311例儿童OSAHS患者病历资料.根据术式分为两组:A组358例,行低温等离子辅助下扁桃体全切除和腺样体切除术;B组3953例,行低温等离子辅助下扁桃体切部分...     

Postoperative tonsillectomy bleeding complications in children: A comparison of three surgical techniques

Objective & hypothesisStated in the Null form: There will be no difference in primary or secondary hemorrhage rate in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy across three surgical techniques: PEAK Plasmablade, electric monopolar cautery, coblation.Study designRetrospective chart analysis.SettingAcademic Medical Center: Children's Hospital.Subjects & methodsElectronic chart data were collected from patient's age 2–18 years who underwent tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, at a tertiary pediatric hospital between June 2011 to May 2013 by electric monopolar cautery, coblation, or PEAK PlasmaBlade. Treatment outcomes following each of these surgical approaches, relative to rate of post-operative primary and secondary bleeding, hospital admission, and emergency department visits were compared.ResultsA total of 1780 patients that had tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. There was a significant difference in bleed rate by age with older patients having more bleeding post-procedure than their younger counterparts. There was also a difference in bleeding frequency by diagnosis. Patients with a diagnosis of OSA were less likely to experience a postoperative bleed than children with either recurrent tonsillitis or both. Significance was evident between post-op hemorrhage rate and instrumentation (χ² = 11.17, df = 2, p = 0.004). The majority of bleeds occurred with coblation (58.9%), while PEAK had only 17.8% and cautery 23%.ConclusionThe null hypothesis was rejected. That is, PEAK PlasmaBlade was safe and effective, with statistically less postoperative bleeding and ED visits, especially when compared to coblation techniques. Coblation patients had the highest rates of postoperative bleeding.     

手术结束前升高血压对减少低温等离子扁桃体切除术后出血的疗效观察

目的　比较手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔与常规检查扁桃体术腔两种方法对扁桃体切除术后出血的影响。方法　对我院2008年1月～2016年1月行全麻下低温 等离子扁桃体切除术的患者1069例,采用回顾性临床病例对照研究方法,分为手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔组546例（治疗组）与常规检查扁桃体术腔组523例（对照组）,比较两组的术后出血发生率、术后出血量等。结果　治疗组原发性出血6例,发生率1.10%,继发性出血9例,发生率1.65%。对照组原发性出血17例,发生率3.25%,继发性出血5例,发生率0.96%。扁桃体切除后手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔,可减低术后原发性出血概率,而与术后继发性出血无明显相关。结论　手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔能有效减少低温等离子扁桃体切除术后原发性出血发生概率。     

Analysis of postoperative hemorrhage after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children in own material

Hypertophy of pharyngeal tonsil and palatine tonsils is the most common cause of nasal obstruction in children. When the obstruction of the nasopharynx causes recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract, chronic otitis media secretoria or sleep apnoea, then adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy is indicated. The purpose of the study was analysis of postoperative hemorrhage after adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. The influent of frequent infections of upper respiratory tract, disorders of blood clotting, chronic diseases, seasons of the year, operation time and general anesthesia on postoperative hemorrhage was estimated. A group of 1184 children after adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy was studied. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 59 children (4.98%). Early bleeding was frequently occurred after adenotonsillectomy and late bleeding after adenoidectomy. There was relationship between the time of general anesthesia and incidences of postoperative bleeding. Food or inhalation allergy, recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract and male sex are risk factors of postoperative hemorrhage after adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy.     

Coblation vs. Electrocautery Tonsillectomy: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Clinical Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults

Objectives

Coblation is operated in low temperature, so it is proposed that tonsillectomy with coblation involves less postoperative pain and allows accelerated healing of the tonsillar fossae compared with other methods involving heat driven processes. However, the results of the previous studies showed that the effect of coblation tonsillectomy has been equivocal in terms of postoperative pain and hemorrhage. Though, most of the previous studies which evaluated coblation tonsillectomy were performed in children. Recently, electrocautery tonsillectomy has been used most widely because of the reduced intraoperative blood loss and shorter operative time compared to other techniques. This prospective study compared intraoperative records and postoperative clinical outcomes in adolescents and adults following coblation and electrocautery tonsillectomies.

Methods

Eighty patients over 16 years of age with histories of recurrent tonsillitis were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated into coblation (n=40) and electrocautery tonsillectomy groups (n=40). All operations were performed by one surgeon who was skilled in both surgical techniques. Intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes were checked.

Results

Postoperative pain and otalgia were not significantly different between the two groups; however, there was a tendency towards reduced pain and otalgia in the coblation group. More cotton balls for swabbing the operative field were used introoperatively in the electrocautery group (P=0.00). There was no significant difference in postoperative hemorrhage, wound healing, commencement of a regular diet, and foreign body sensation between the groups.

Conclusion

Only cotton use, which represented the amount of blood loss, was less in the coblation tonsillectomy group. Coblation tonsillectomy warrants further study with respect to the decreased postoperative pain and otalgia.     

低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体的安全性及可行性Meta分析

目的　评价低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体的安全性及可行性。方法　计算机检索Medline数据库、Pubmed、中国生物医学数据库（CBM）、CNKI及万方数据库国内外关于低温等离子射频消融术与传统扁桃体剥除术的随机对照试验及临床对照试验。运用RevMan 5.1软件对两种手术方式在术中、术后指标进行Meta分析。结果　共纳入20个随机对照试验和5个临床对照试验,共4162例患者。低温等离子射频消融术与传统扁桃体剥除术相比,显著缩短了手术时间[MD=-16.04,95%CI（-20.24,-11.84）,P <0.00001],减少了术中出血量[MD=-50.07,95%CI（-66.03,-34.11）,P <0.00001],缩短了住院时间[MD=-3.18,95%CI（-5.72,-0.63）,P =0.01],加快了恢复进食时间[MD=-1.98,95%CI（-3.11,-0.85）,P =0.0006],减轻了患者疼痛程度（术后6、24、48、72 h）（VAS评 分）（P <0.05）,减少了术后并发症发生率[MD=0.65,95%CI（0.46,0.93）,P =0.02],同时延长了白膜脱落时间[MD=1.84,95%CI（0.24,3.44）,P =0.02],而平均疼痛时间无显著差别。结论　现有的研究表明,低温等离子射频消融术切除扁桃体在应用价值上具有创伤小、恢复快,更加安全和有效,但是由于数量少,期待更多高质量的试验提供高质量的证据。     

成年人扁桃体切除术三种手术方式的临床比较

目的 比较分析成年人3种扁桃体切除术的临床应用价值。 方法 将90例行扁桃体切除术的患者分为等离子扁桃体切除术组(等离子组)、电刀扁桃体切除术组(电刀组)、常规扁桃体剥离术组(剥离组),各30例,记录各组手术时间、术中及术后出血量、术后咽痛程度、住院医疗费用等。 结果 3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后1~4 d咽痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中等离子组和电刀组手术时间、术中出血量及VAS评分明显少于剥离组(P<0.001),而等离子组与电刀组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。剥离组术后见原发性出血1例,等离子组及电刀组未见术后出血发生。3组护理及检疗费、术后用药费比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);电刀组及剥离组住院总费用明显低于等离子组(P<0.001),而电刀组与剥离组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 成年人扁桃体切除术各有优势及不足,临床应根据疾病特点、患者意愿和经济能力、手术者技术水平以及医疗器械等因素选择最恰当的,从而达到最佳治疗效果。     

低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术在儿童手术中的对比研究

目的：比较低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术对患儿术中、术后的影响。方法：92例患儿,随机分为等离子组和对照组,等离子组用低温等离子射频消融系统连接EVac70T＆A刀头,能量设置为7,消融扁桃体;对照组则采用常规扁桃体剥离术,分别记录2种方法所需时间和出血量;使用Wong—Baker FACES疼痛评分表记录术后第1天至第10天患儿每日咽部疼痛情况,恢复正常饮食和正常活动时间;记录术后并发症。结果：等离子组手术时间比对照组短（分别为10．2min和36．5min,P〈0．01）,等离子组术中平均出血量为（6．83±3．36）ml,而对照组为（30．07±7．04）ml;等离子组患儿术后第1、2、3天疼痛轻于对照组,第4～10天两组差异无统计学意义;等离子组比对照组更早恢复正常饮食,但恢复正常活动时间相似。对照组有1例患儿于术后第6天口咽部有活动性出血,需缝扎止血。结论：低温等离子扁桃体消融术与常规扁桃体剥离术相比,手术时间缩短,出血量极少,手术方法容易掌握,恢复正常饮食时间早,术后前3天疼痛较轻。