经血和经性传播的人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者乙、丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染比较

我国目前传播人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)主要途径为经血传播,如静脉吸毒,输血等,我们曾报道了经血传播HIV和HBV/HCV重叠感染的特征[1,2 ] 。而国外报道HIV传播的主要途径为性途径,在经性途径传播的HIV感染者中HBV/HCV重叠感染状况和感染特征不甚明确,我们以HIV感染的德国男性同性恋者为研究对象,首先对其HBV/HCV重叠感染状况进行调查,并总结了经性和经血传播HIV感染者HBV/HCV重叠感染特点及差异。对象和方法一、研究对象1992年1月～2 0 0 0年12月HIV感染的德国男性同性恋者4 9例,我国经血传播HIV感染者6 2例,取静脉血3ml,- …     

上海地区HIV/HCV重叠感染者HCV准种的分子流行病学研究

目的 观察HIV/HCV重叠感染和高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)对HCV准种的影响.方法 通过PCR、测序及单链构象多态性分析建立HCV高变1区(HVR1)准种变异率检测方法,运用该方法对我国上海地区48例HIV/HCV重叠感染者HCV准种变异的分子流行病学进行研究.结果 与单独HCV感染组和HIV/HCV重叠感染...     

与单纯HCV感染者相比,HIV/HCV感染的肝硬化患者不再具有更高的肝癌或晚期肝病风险

<正>【据《Hepatology》2018年12月报道】题:与单纯HCV感染者相比,HIV/HCV感染的肝硬化患者不再具有更高的肝癌或晚期肝病风险(作者Salmon-Ceron D等)人们普遍认为,HIV感染是HCV患者肝病加重的一个危险因素。然而,由于c ART更好的疗效和安全性,以及HCV感染获得治疗的机会增加,这种情况是否依然存在尚不清楚。1253例单纯HCV感染者和175例HIV/HCV重叠感染者被纳入两组前瞻性法国国家队列研究(ANRS CO12 Cir-     

血友病患者HCV滴度与HIV病情有关

几乎所有感染HIV的血友病患者均重叠感染HCV,这是因为1985年热疗以前主要靠输注凝血因子治疗,此后静脉吸毒者又成为HIV和HCV重叠感染的主要对象。为研究HCV病毒负荷与HIV病情的关系,对207例HIV 1/HCV共感染者进行分析。     

HCV、HIV混合感染的研究

当血清中抗-HIV/HIV RNA阳性,同时查出抗-HCV/HCV RNA阳性称之为。HIV、HCV混合感染。混合感染一般分重叠感染和合并感染。目前全世界约2亿HCV感染者,3400万HIV感染者。在HIV感染者中约30％混合感染HCV,而HCV感染者中感染HIV的百分率因传播途径、地区和人群的不同而变化较大,从(0-94)％,静脉毒瘾(IDHs)者中HIV合     

HIV/HCV重叠感染患者肝脏功能进展原因分析

探讨HIV/HCV重叠感染患者肝脏功能进展的原因。回顾性比较HIV/HCV重叠感染患者和单独HCV感染患者两组的肝脏功能、病理情况、感染时间、免疫功能及综合分析HCVRNA定性检测与HCV抗体检测在两组中的异同。HIV/HCV重叠感染患者中肝功异常者占 5 8 5 % ,HCV感染组为 85 5 % ,肝功损伤程度亦较后者轻微 (P<0 0 5 ) ;两组患者在肝脏病理炎症活动和纤维化程度方面差异无显著性 (P =0 187,0 95 4 ) ;而重叠感染患者进展到肝功能异常的时间较单独HCV感染者提前 8年 (P <0 0 0 1) ;免疫功能方面 (CD 4 T、CD 8T)重叠感染者组与单独HCV感染者组比较 ,差异非常显著 (P <0 0 0 1;P <0 0 0 1) ;HCVRNA( )同时HCV抗体 ( )的人数与HCVRNA( )同时HCV抗体 (- )的人数比较在重叠感染组为 5 2∶9例 ,在HCV感染组 4 4∶1例 ,两组间差异显著P =0 0 4 3。HIV/HCV重叠感染可加速丙型病毒性肝炎的进展 ,可能与HIV对机体的细胞免疫、体液免疫影响有关     

HIV/HCV重叠感染者疾病进展及病毒间相互作用机制的研究进展

自1981年美国首次从男同性恋患者中报道艾滋病(AIDS)以来,相同症状的患者不断被发现,该疾病也以其惊人的速度在世界范围内传播开来。由于丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)与艾滋病病毒(HIV)有相同的传播途径,使HCV在HIV感染者中得到广泛的传播。据报道,全球HCV感染者中大约6%～10%合并HIV感染,HIV感染者中大约有30%合并HCV感染。因此HIV/HCV重叠感染成为AIDS最关注的领域之一。现对HIV/HCV重叠感染者疾病进展及病毒间在人体内相互作用机制的最新研究进展综述如下。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒和丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染者的临床及免疫特征

目的 观察人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和HCV重叠感染者与慢性丙型肝炎患者临床特征及HCV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的数量及功能,探讨两组患者免疫功能的差异及其可能的影响因素.方法 以HIV和HCV重叠感染患者59例、慢性丙型肝炎患者36例为研究对象,取治疗前外周血检测肝脏生物化学指标、血常规、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4+T、CD8+T淋巴细胞计数)及HIV、HCV病毒载量,以酶联免疫斑点法检测HCV特异性CTL的数量和功能,统计学分析两组问免疫功能的差异及与上述检测指标的相关性. 结果 中国河南省有偿献血、单采血浆人群HIV感染者中HIV和HCV重叠感染率达60.8%.ALT、AST值在重叠感染组与HCV组间差异无统计学意义;球蛋白在重叠感染组为(40.3±5.8)g/L,HCV组为(32.8±6.3)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).重叠感染组外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞数明显低于HCV组(P＜0.01),而CD8+T淋巴细胞数高于HCV组(P＜0.01).重叠感染组HCV RNA定量高于HCV组(P＜0.01).重叠感染组对HCV-NS3区肽段的反应强度(每106个外周血单个核淋巴细胞中斑点形成细胞的个数)较HCV组弱,649.34±685.90对比1233.70±1085.16,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重叠感染组白蛋白与HCV病毒载量呈现负相关(r=0.540);重叠感染组对HCV-NS3区肽段反应强度与HIV病毒载量负相关(r=0.356);重叠感染患者CD4+T淋巴细胞数与血小板正相关(P＜0.05).但未见重叠感染组HCV RNA与CD4+T淋巴细胞数量及HIVRNA水平有相关关系.结论 重叠HIV感染有利于HCV的复制,而HIV载量可影响针对HCV的特异性免疫反应,HIV载量高则不利于HCV的清除.慢性丙型肝炎患者重叠HIV感染时,病情易慢性化,预后更差.     

HIV与HCV混合感染的研究进展

国内外研究显示,HIV/HCV混合感染的现象较为普遍, HIV感染可能阻碍HCV急性感染者体内HCV的清除,更易导致慢性肝炎和肝硬化;同时,HCV也可能加速HIV感染发展到艾滋病的进程.对于HIV/HCV混合感染的治疗,依然是用相应的药物对两个病毒进行对应治疗.     

我国部分地区HIV感染者HCV协同感染状况的调查研究

目的 了解我国部分地区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者体内丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的协同感染状况.方法 以我国北京、河南、广西部分地区的HIV感染者为研究对象,通过访谈了解病人的基本状况,采集病人的EDTA抗凝静脉血,对感染者的HIV感染状况、CD4细胞数、HIV病毒载量及HCV感染状况进行检测,分析我国部分地区HIV感染者中HCV的协同感染状况.结果 共收集到HIV感染者血液249份,其中有34.14%的感染者同时感染HCV.统计学分析显示,河南地区的HIV感染者同时感染HCV的比例显著高于北京和广西地区;经静脉吸毒和输血传播感染HIV的病人同时感染HCV的几率相近,但都明显高于性传播;感染了HCV的HIV感染者体内的病毒载量要显著高于未感染HCV的HIV感染者,但CD4细胞数没有显著差别.结论 HCV协同感染率在不同的HIV感染者人群中存在差异,而且这种协同感染会影响感染者HIV病毒载量,因此在观察HIV感染者疾病进程及考虑治疗措施时,应充分考虑HCV协同感染的影响.     

Effectiveness of Structural-Level Needle/Syringe Programs to Reduce HCV and HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review

Needle-syringe programs (NSP) have been effective in reducing HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). Achieving sustainable reductions in these blood-borne infections requires addressing structural factors so PWID can legally access NSP services. Systematic literature searches collected information on NSP coverage and changes in HIV or HCV infection prevalence or incidence at the population level. Included studies had to document biomarkers (HIV or HCV) coupled with structural-level NSP, defined by a minimum 50 % coverage of PWID and distribution of 10 or more needles/syringe per PWID per year. Fifteen studies reported structural-level NSP and changes in HIV or HCV infection prevalence/incidence. Nine reported decreases in HIV prevalence, six in HCV infection prevalence, and three reported decreases in HIV incidence. The results support NSP as a structural-level intervention to reduce population-level infection and implementation of NSP for prevention and treatment of HIV and HCV infection.     

重视HIV合并HCV感染的诊断和治疗

HIV和HCV的传播途径相同,二者合并感染相当常见。高效抗反转录病毒治疗的广泛应用显著降低了HIV感染相关疾病的发病率和病死率,但HCV感染引起的终末期肝病已成为HIV/HCV合并感染者死亡的重要原因。因此,加强HIV合并HCV感染者的诊断和治疗对于降低HIV感染的病死率十分重要。本文就HIV合并HCV感染者病毒的相互影响、诊断和治疗进行概述。     

High uptake of hepatitis C virus treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients attending an integrated HIV/hepatitis C virus clinic

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease in HIV-infected patients. The HCV treatment outcomes and barriers to HCV referral were examined in a centre with a HIV/HCV co-infection clinic. Patients who were antibody positive for both HIV and HCV between 1987 and January 2009 were identified. A retrospective chart review was undertaken. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess predictors of HCV clinic referral. Data were collected on 386 HIV/HCV patients; 202/386 had been referred to the co-infection clinic and 107/202 had HCV treatment. In addition, 29/202 were undergoing pretreatment work-up. Overall sustained virologic response (SVR) was 44%; SVR was equivalent in those who acquired HIV/HCV infection from intravenous drug use (IDU) and others. On multivariate analysis, patients who missed appointments, were younger, with active IDU and advanced HIV and who were not offered HCV treatment were less likely to be referred to the clinic. Patients attending the clinic were more likely to have been screened for hepatocellular carcinoma than those attending the general HIV service. Two-thirds of patients referred to the clinic had engaged with the HCV treatment programme. Dedicated co-infection clinics lower the threshold for treatment and improve management of liver disease in co-infected patients.     

Pretreatment assessment and predictors of hepatitis C virus treatment in US veterans coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cares for many human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV)-coinfected patients. VA treatment recommendations indicate that all HIV/HCV-coinfected patients undergo evaluation for HCV treatment and list pretreatment assessment tests. We compared clinical practice with these recommendations. We identified 377 HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans who began HCV therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin and 4135 HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans who did not but were in VA care at the same facilities during the same period. We compared laboratory and clinical characteristics of the two groups and estimated multivariate logistic regression models of receipt of HCV treatment. Overall, patients had high rates of receipt of tests necessary for HCV pretreatment assessment. Patients starting HCV treatment had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lower creatinine, higher CD4 counts and lower HIV viral loads than patients not starting HCV treatment. In the multivariate model, positive predictors of starting HCV treatment included being non-Hispanic whites, having higher ALTs, lower creatinines, higher HCV viral loads, higher CD4 counts, undetectable HIV viral loads and receiving HIV antiretrovirals. A history of chronic mental illness and a history of hard drug use were negative predictors. Most HIV/HCV-coinfected patients received the necessary HCV pretreatment assessments, although rates of screening for hepatitis A and B immunity can be improved. Having well-controlled HIV disease is by far the most important modifiable factor affecting the receipt of HCV treatment. More research is needed to determine if the observed racial differences in starting HCV treatment reflect biological differences, provider behaviour or patient preference.     

Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with HIV-1: epidemiology,natural history and management

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver diseases have contributed to increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected individuals in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. HCV transmission patterns have changed among the HIV co-infected population during the last decade, with acute HCV infection emerging worldwide. HIV infection accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver diseases and consequently cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the current standard treatment of HCV infection with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin results in only a limited viral response. Furthermore, cumbersome pill regimens, antiretroviral related hepatotoxicity, and drug interactions of HCV and HIV regimens complicate therapy strategies. Fortunately, in the near future, new direct-acting anti-HCV agents will widen therapeutic options for HCV/HIV co-infection. Liver transplantation is also gradually accepted as a therapeutic option for end stage liver disease of HCV/HIV co-infected patients.     

HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C coinfection in Kenya

There are few data regarding hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Africa. In 378 HIV seropositive individuals in Nairobi, 23 (6%) were hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV coinfected, four (1%) were hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfected and one patient was infected with all three viruses. Coinfected individuals were more likely to be men and older; a lack of HBV vaccination was a risk factor for HIV/HBV coinfection (P = 0.001) and tenofovir containing regimens appeared most effective at reducing HBV viral load.     

The GNB3 C825T polymorphism affects response to HCV therapy with pegylated interferon in HCV/HIV co-infected but not in HCV mono-infected patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Response to HCV treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha is variable but might at least in part depend on genetic host factors. The G protein beta3 unit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism has been shown to affect treatment response in HCV mono-infection. Here, we analyzed the impact of the GNB3 genotype in the context of HCV/HIV co-infection. METHODS: HIV/HCV co-infected (n=112) and HCV mono-infected patients (n=150), receiving therapy with pegylated IFN-alpha/ribavirin, were enrolled into this study. Furthermore, we analyzed 220 healthy and 92 HIV mono-infected patients. GNB3 genotype was defined and correlated with respect to treatment response. RESULTS: GNB3 genotype distribution differed significantly between HIV/HCV co-infected patients and HIV-positive/HCV-negative (p=0.0002) or healthy controls (p=0.03). Patients with a GNB3 CC genotype had significantly lower SVR rates as compared to carriers of a non-CC genotype (52% versus 77%; p=0.018). In a logistic regression analysis the GNB3 genotype and the HCV genotype were significantly associated with response to treatment (p=0.018). In contrast to HIV/HCV co-infected patients, GNB3 genotype did not affect response to treatment in HCV mono-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: The GNB3 825 CC genotype is associated with poor SVR rates in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. This underlines the impact of genetic host factors for treatment response.     

Vertically acquired paediatric coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus

Both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. Vertical transmission of HIV and HCV separately is most likely from HIV/HCV-coinfected mothers; however, transmission of both infections is less frequent. The effect of HCV coinfection on HIV-related disease remains unclear; whereas most studies indicate no effect, recent results suggest HCV in adults accelerates HIV progression. Little is known about how HIV coinfection affects HCV progression in children and the information available is based on small numbers of patients. Paediatric HIV treatment is extremely successful and it is vital to determine if HCV coinfection alters the effectiveness of this treatment. The hepatotoxicity of many HIV therapies and the possible negative impact of HCV on this treatment, alongside the interactions and contraindications of many HIV and HCV therapies, further limits the choice of paediatric treatments for coinfected children. Future research must therefore focus on vertically acquired HIV/HCV coinfection to inform treatment trials addressing coinfection management.     

Comparing the public health burden of chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection in France

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In France, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) exceeds that of HIV, but in the absence of treatment, HIV infection progresses more rapidly than HCV. More HIV-infected patients, however, have received treatment. Using reported public health data in France and natural history models, we applied the back-calculation method to project future mortality from HCV and HIV incorporating current therapies. METHODS: The HCV model was based on literature data for the natural history of HCV and reports of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality. The HIV model used estimates from the French Hospital Database on HIV and reported AIDS cases and deaths. RESULTS: Peak annual mortality from HIV at 5000 occurred in 1994 and was 1000 in 1998, but HCV mortality likely increased through the 1990s and reached 3000 in 1998. Considering only HCV infections occurring until 1998 and currently available therapy, our model suggested that annual HCV-related mortality would continue to rise and would reach 4500 deaths in 2022. In contrast, AIDS-related deaths began to decrease in 1997. CONCLUSIONS: The public health burden of HCV is likely on the rise, while the burden of HIV, given the fairly widespread use of effective medications, may be on the decline. These results may help health policymakers in planning their responses to these epidemics.     

以蛋白酶抑制剂或非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂为主的方案治疗HIV/HCV合并感染患者的临床疗效比较

目的 比较以蛋白酶抑制剂（PIs）或非核甘类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）为主的方案治疗HIV/HCV合并感染患者的临床疗效.方法 将CD4＋T淋巴细胞≤350/mm3的100例HIV/HCV合并感染患者随机分为2组,每组各50例,分别接受以PIs或NNRTIs为主的方案治疗,观察CD4＋ T淋巴细胞计数和HIV RNA载量等指标的变化.结果 治疗后两组患者的HIV RNA均下降（P＜0.01）,外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数均有不同程度的升高（P＜0.01）,两组比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论 以PIs或NNRTIs为主的治疗方案治疗HIV/HCV合并感染者均有效.