BIPAP呼吸机对COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的治疗价值

目的探讨双水平正压通气（BIPAP）呼吸机无创机械通气在慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭救治中的价值。方法将60例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的病人分为对照组（鼻导管吸氧＋药物治疗）和治疗组（对照组治疗基础上加用无创呼吸机经鼻/面罩双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗。结果对照组与BiPAP组比较,两组治疗前年龄、意识障碍程度、动脉血气分析及心率差别无显著性（P〉0.05）,两组治疗后3天7天PaO2较治疗前明显升高（P〈0.01）,PaCO2较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.01）,但BiPAP组较药物组更为显著（P〈0.01）。结论双水平气道正压无创机械通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭具有肯定的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭的临床分析

目的观察无创机械通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法在常规治疗基础上应用BiPAP呼吸机对42例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者进行机械通气治疗,对照组38例鼻导管吸氧常规治疗,治疗前后根据临床表现及动脉血气分析、肺功能进行综合评定。结果两组治疗后动脉血氧分压明显上升(P<0.05),治疗组二氧化碳明显下降,治疗组各项指标在治疗后较对照组改善显著(P<0.05)。结论无创机械通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效肯定,能够缩短治疗时间。     

急诊救治中BiPAP无创通气对COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭血气影响的探讨

目的 探讨急诊救治中对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者使用BiPAP无创通气后对动脉血气的影响.方法 将COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗组和BiPAP治疗组,常规治疗组给予氧疗、药物等常规治疗,BiPAP治疗组给予常规治疗的同时加用BiPAP无创通气,在治疗后6h监测pH、PaO2、PaCO2等指标变化.结果 治疗组经BiPAP呼吸机通气后血气分析指标pH、PaCO2、PaO2均有显著改善(P<0.01);对照组经治疗后PaO2有显著性升高(P<0.01),pH、PaCO2虽亦有明显改善,但无治疗组显著(P<0.05).结论 急诊救治中使用BiPAP无创通气对COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的血气有明显改善作用,是救活此类患者的有效手段.     

双水平正压通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭58例临床观察

目的探讨无创呼吸机干预治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效。方法 58例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者,使用双水平正压通气(BiPAP)无创呼吸机S/T模式经面罩通气治疗,分别测定通气前及通气治疗72h后血气分析、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)。结果使用BiPAP通气治疗72h后患者的动脉氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PCO_2)、pH、氧饱和度(SaO_2)以及RR、HR均较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BiPAP无创呼吸机采用S/T模式经面罩通气对COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效确切。     

双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并II型呼吸衰竭

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并II型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法40例COPD合并II型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为BiPAP通气加常规治疗组(治疗组)和单用常规治疗组(对照组)各20例,定期记录生命体征、血气分析变化,观察2组的治疗效果。结果通气4h后2组比较,治疗组较对照组PaO2、pH明显增加,PaCO2、心率和呼吸频率降低(P<0.05);24h后改善情况更为明显。对照组需气管插管者12例(60.0%),而治疗组仅3例(15.0%),2组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。治疗组中1例(5.0%)死亡,对照组中3例(15%)死亡,2组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论BiPAP通气可作为COPD合并呼吸衰竭的一线治疗手段。     

BiPAP无创机械通气治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的评价双水平正压通气（BiPAP）呼吸机无创机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法43例60岁以上COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,分为治疗组22例和对照组21例,两组均给予常规药物治疗,治疗组同时给予BiPAP呼吸机进行无创机械通气治疗。结果BiPAP耐受良好的19例患者,治疗后其动脉血氧分压（PaO2）和二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）较治疗前明显改善（P〈0.01）;与对照组比较,平均住院天数缩短（P〈0.05）、血气改善时间提前（P〈0.01）、血气改善程度更好（P〈0.05）;BiPAP治疗还可以减慢呼吸和心率的频率（P〈0.01）,而对患者血压水平无明显影响（P〉0.05）;且无一例发生腹胀、皮肤压伤、气压伤或呼吸机相关肺炎。结论经鼻罩BiPAP呼吸机无创机械通气是治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的一种安全有效的方法。     

双水平无创正压通气呼吸机经鼻罩通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的:探讨双水平无创正压通气(BiPAP通气)对COPD并发呼吸衰竭的影响。方法:将40例COPD并发呼吸衰竭的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。对照组给予常规治疗方法。治疗组在对照组的基础上给予BiPAP通气。结果:两组患者治疗前的血气分析指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后治疗组各时点的pH、PaO2明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组的住院时间、呼吸衰竭纠正时间及插管率、病死率等均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对COPD并呼吸衰竭患者使用BiPAP通气治疗能够缩短治疗其周期,提高治疗质量。     

BiPAP呼吸机加用平台呼吸阀后无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效评价

目的比较无创通气中使用双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)呼吸机加用与不加用平台式呼吸阀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者40例,分为两组,第1组为实验组,使用BiPAP呼吸机加用平台式呼吸阀无创通气;第2组为对照组,使用BiPAP呼吸机不加用平台式呼吸阀无创通气,观察患者临床症状缓解情况及通气前后PaO2、PaCO2的变化。结果通气后两组PaO2均明显的升高,实验组PaCO2早期即见明显降低,而对照组PaCO2早期降低不显著。结论BiPAP呼吸机加用平台式呼吸阀无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭可以有效避免CO2的重复呼吸,有助于高碳酸血症的纠正,而不加用平台式呼吸阀时BiPAP呼吸机的纠正高碳酸血症能力较实验组差。     

BiPAP呼吸机治疗慢阻肺并Ⅱ型呼衰30例临床观察

目的:探讨BiPAP呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的效果。方法:对经常规治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者30例(对照组)和经常规治疗加BiPAP治疗30例(观察组)的临床疗效进行比较。结果:Bi-PAP通气治疗后2小时、1天、2天、3天、7天的PaO2、PaCO2和pH较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),症状也较对照组改善明显;气管插管发生率及平均住院时间均少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:正确应用BiPAP呼吸机能改善Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的低氧血症和高碳酸血症,降低有创机械通气使用频率和缩短住院时间,是治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的有效措施。     

BiPAP呼吸机无创正压通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者应用BiPAP呼吸机无创正压通气方案治疗的临床疗效。方法:选择我院呼吸内科2017年2月—2018年2月收治的COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者100例,将其随机分为两组,每组50例。对照组应用糖皮质激素、祛痰等药物常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气治疗,对比分析两组治疗效果及血气指标。结果:观察组COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者总有效率(96%)明显高于对照组(82%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血气分析指标PaO_2、SaO_2等水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组血气分析指标PaO_2、SaO_2水平均较治疗前有效改善,且观察组改善效果优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对临床收治的COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者,应用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气治疗,可显著增强临床治疗效果,改善肺通气状况,具有重要的应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.