CD90在肝细胞肝癌组织中的表达及其与病理相关性研究

目的探讨CD90在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理参数的相关性。方法选择2015年10月至2016年4月期间,于我院行肝癌切除术治疗的HCC患者72例,采集患者癌旁组织和HCC各72份,分别作为癌旁组和HCC组,72例肝外伤患者的正常肝脏组织作为对照组。所有标本的CD90均采用免疫组化法进行检测,分析CD90的表达情况以及与HCC临床病理参数的关系。结果对照组、癌旁组以及HCC组的CD90阳性表达率分别为0%、47.22%、77.78%,3组两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。CD90的表达情况与HCC患者的性别、肿瘤包膜是否完整、病理分级、是否合并门静脉瘤栓以及TNM分期相关,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论癌旁组织和HCC组织可表达CD90,而正常肝组织不表达,在HCC组织中表达最高;对于HCC患者预后的判断可借助癌组织中是否表达CD90,从而为患者的诊疗提供临床参考意义。     

原发性肝癌组织中CAIX蛋白的表达及其与微血管密度的关系

目的研究原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中CAIX的表达及其与微血管密度(MVD)、临床病理特征之间的关系。方法采用组织芯片和免疫组化方法检测HCC和癌旁组织中CAIX和CD34表达。结果共收集41例HCC、36例癌旁组织,其中37例HCC和27例癌旁组织有病例资料。CAIX的表达在HCC和癌旁组织间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但HCC组织中CAIX包膜阳性表达率高于癌旁组织,而CAIX胞浆阳性表达率低于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HCC组织MVD明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。CAIX阳性的HCC和癌旁组织中MVD均高于CAIX阴性患者,但只有癌旁组织中CAIX阳性组和阴性组间MVD差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CAIX的包膜表达是HCC的特异特征;CAIX高表达HCC患者,血管再生活跃;CAIX可作为HCC治疗的潜在靶点。     

CMTM7基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨CMTM7基因在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)及其癌旁正常组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法采用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学法检测75例HCC及其对应癌旁正常组织中CMTM7基因的表达,分析其与HCC临床病理特征及与患者预后的关系.结果 CMTM7在HCC中的表达(20.00%,15/75)明显低于其癌旁正常组织(81.33%,61/75),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05).CMTM7表达与HCC患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、乙型肝炎病毒感染、肿瘤家族史、肿瘤数目、病理分级、临床分期、是否合并肝硬化及远处转移等无关,与肿瘤大小、TNM分期和甲胎蛋白水平有相关性(P0.05).CMTM7阴性组患者的术后生存时间明显低于阳性组,提示CMTM7阴性表达可能与HCC患者的预后有关.结论 CMTM7基因表达下调可能与HCC的发生、发展密切相关.     

肾透明细胞癌组织中CD_（40）、Caspase-7蛋白的表达变化及意义

目的观察肾透明细胞癌组织中CD40和Caspase-7蛋白的表达变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法分别检测41例肾透明细胞癌、21例癌旁组织和6例正常肾组织中CD40和Caspase-7蛋白,并分析两者与肿瘤临床分期、病理分级的关系。结果肾癌组中CD40阳性表达率达61.0%（25/41）,显著高于癌旁组9.5%（2/21）和对照组0（0/6）,P均〈0.05;同时CD40的阳性表达率随临床分期及病理分级进展而显著升高,P均〈0.05。肾癌组中Caspase-7阳性表达率为51.2%（21/41）,显著低于癌旁组85.7%（18/21）和对照组83.3%（5/6）的表达率,P均〈0.05。同时Caspase-7的阳性表达率随临床分期及病理分级进展而显著降低,P均〈0.05。结论肾透明细胞癌组织中CD40表达上调,Caspase-7表达下调。二者可能在肾透明细胞癌的发生发展过程中发挥一定作用。     

肝细胞癌组织中E-cadherin、VE-cadherin的表达变化及意义

目的观察肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中钙依赖性黏附素(E-cadherin)、血管内皮钙黏素(VE-cadherin)的表达变化,并探讨其意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测60例HCC、20例癌旁正常肝组织中的E-cadherin和VE-cadherin蛋白,分析两种蛋白表达的变化与HCC临床病理参数的关系。结果 HCC组织中E-cadherin、VE-cadherin蛋白阳性表达率为52%(31/60)、43%(26/60),癌旁正常肝组织中分别为80%(16/20)、15%(3/20);两者比较,P均<0.05。E-cadherin、VE-cadherin蛋白表达与HCC的血管侵犯、pTNM分期及Edmondson分级有关(P均<0.05)。结论 HCC组织中E-cadherin蛋白表达下调,VE-cadherin蛋白表达上调;两者可能与HCC的侵袭、转移有关。     

Snail蛋白和细胞外基质蛋白1在原发性肝癌中的表达及与其临床特征和预后的相关性

目的探讨转录因子(Snail)蛋白和细胞外基质蛋白1(extracellular matrix protein 1,ECM1)在原发性肝癌(HCC)中的表达及与其临床特征和预后的相关性。方法选取2012年1月至2013年3月我院收治的71例HCC患者作为研究对象,患者均进行了根治性切除术,收集71例患者各项临床资料及随访资料,比较癌组织与癌旁组织中Snail、ECM1蛋白的表达情况及5年生存率,采用Logistic多因素回归分析影响HCC患者预后死亡的危险因素。结果 (1)癌组织Snail蛋白阳性表达率为66.19%,明显高于癌旁组织36.61%(P0.05);ECM1在癌组织阳性表达率为78.87%,明显高于癌旁组织16.90%(P0.05);(2)Snail蛋白在病理分期、微血管侵犯、肝硬化中其表达情况存在明显差异(P0.05);ECM1在病理分期、微血管侵犯中其表达情况存在明显差异(P0.05);(3)Snail蛋白表达阳性、表达阴性者5年总生存率分别为21.27%(10/47)、37.50%(9/24);ECM1表达阳性、表达阴性者5年总生存率分别为19.64%(11/56)、33.33%(5/15),不同Snail蛋白、ECM1表达水平HCC患者5年总生存率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.001);(4)经非条件多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示病理分期(Ⅲ期)、肿瘤直径(5 cm)、微血管侵犯(有)、 Snail蛋白(阳性)、ECM1(阳性)均为影响HCC患者预后的独立危险因素(P0.001)。结论 Snail蛋白和ECM1在HCC中表达阳性率高于癌旁组织,Snail蛋白和ECM1表达阳性者预后较差。     

Bax、Fas蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Bax和Fas蛋白表达在原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测56例HCC癌旁组织和癌组织中Bax和Fas蛋白表达,并分析两指标与HCC临床病理特征的关系及两指标间的相关性。结果 Bax蛋白在癌旁组织和HCC癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为21.4%（12/56）、66.1%（37/56）,P〈0.05（χ2=28.32）;Fas蛋白在癌旁组织和HCC癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为80.4%（45/56）、41.1%（23/56）,P〈0.05（χ2=21.42）。Bax、Fas蛋白在HCC癌组织中的表达无明显相关性,两者表达均与肿瘤分化程度相关（P〈0.05）,但与年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、是否伴有肝硬化无明显相关（P〉0.05）。结论 Bax、Fas蛋白异常表达可能通过不同途径参与HCC发生、发展。     

肝细胞肝癌中HDAC3的表达及临床意义

目的探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶3(histone deacetylase 3,HDAC3)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学法检测60例HCC组织及癌旁组织石蜡切片中HDAC3的表达,分析其与HCC临床病理特征及与患者预后的关系.结果 HCC组织中HDAC3的表达水平明显高于其相应癌旁组织(P0.05).HDAC3在HCC中的表达水平与HCC患者的性别、年龄、乙型肝炎病毒感染、TNM分期、病理分级、AFP水平、是否合并肝硬化、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小和肿瘤结节的单发多发数目等无关(P0.05),与肿瘤复发有相关性(P0.05).HDAC3的表达与p-STAT3的表达呈正相关(r~2=0.622,P0.001).HDAC3高表达组患者的术后生存时间明显低于低表达组患者(P0.05),提示HDAC3高表达可能与HCC患者的预后有关.结论 HDAC3表达升高可能与HCC的发生、发展密切相关.     

异黏蛋白和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌组织中的表达和意义

目的探究异黏蛋白(MTDH)和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达以及临床意义。方法收集124例于2010年3月至2015年9月确诊为乙型肝炎相关性HCC患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织,免疫组织化学法检测MTDH和Wnt5b在HCC组织和癌旁组织中表达情况,从基因层面检测它们在两种组织中的表达,并分析其与临床病理之间的关系。结果乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中MTDH和Wnt5b的阳性表达率分别为68.55%和57.26%,癌旁组织中两者的阳性表达率分别为26.61%和22.58%,MTDH和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中的表达明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MTDH和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.502,P0.05);MTDH和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中的表达水平与TNM分期(P=0.036)、BCLC分期(P=0.005)、淋巴结转移(P=0.026)、是否复发(P=0.005)有明显的相关性;MTDH和Wnt5b低表达组的术后生存时间均明显高于MTDH和Wnt5b高表达组,差异均存在统计学意义(P均0.000 1)。结论MTDH和Wnt5b在乙型肝炎相关性HCC组织中高表达,高表达的患者预后较差。     

肝细胞肝癌组织中TFAM、PDLIM1表达及与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的 探究肝细胞肝癌（HCC）组织中线粒体转录因子A(TFAM)和PDZ-Lim结构域蛋白1(PDLIM1)表达及与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组化法检测103例HCC患者癌和癌旁组织中TFAM和PDLIM1蛋白表达。Spearman秩相关分析TFAM和PDLIM1蛋白表达的相关性。比较不同临床病理特征HCC患者TFAM、PDLIM1蛋白表达差异。应用Kaplan-Meier法分析TFAM、PDLIM1蛋白表达与HCC患者预后的关系。利用单因素及多因素Cox比例回归模型分析影响HCC患者预后的因素。结果 HCC癌组织中TFAM和PDLIM1蛋白表达阳性率分别为21.36%(22/103)、29.13%(30/103)，癌旁组织中TFAM和PDLIM1蛋白表达阳性率分别为76.70%(79/103)、78.64%(81/103)，癌组织中TFAM和PDLIM1蛋白表达阳性率低于癌旁组织（χ2分别为63.111、50.811,P均<0.05）。HCC癌组织中TFAM与PDLIM1表达呈正相关（r=0.801,P<0.05）。不同肿瘤最大径、肿瘤TNM分期HCC癌...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.