低钠血症与肝硬化Child-Pugh评分及并发症的相关性研究

目的探讨失代偿期肝硬化患者血清钠水平与Child-Pugh评分及其并发症的相关性。方法选取116名失代偿期肝硬化患者,根据其入院时血清钠水平将其分为正常组40例,轻度低钠组38例,中度低钠组23例以及重度低钠组15例,分析肝硬化患者不同血清钠水平与Child-Pugh评分及并发症发生率的关系。结果除消化道出血外,血清钠水平越低,肝肾综合征、肝性脑病和自发性腹膜炎的发生率均高,患者Child-Pugh评分越高,血清钠水平与Child-Pugh评分(r=-0.886,P=0)呈负相关。结论低钠血症与肝硬化患者的Child-Pugh评分及并发症的发生密切相关,通过测定肝硬化患者血清钠水平可有效判断患者病情的进展。     

失代偿期肝硬化患者血清钠水平与肝功能及并发症的关系

目的探讨失代偿期肝硬化患者的血清钠水平与肝功能分级及并发症的关系。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年9月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院收治的149例失代偿期肝硬化患者的临床资料,计算患者终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分,评估患者Child-Pugh分级,分析血清钠水平与Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分之间的相关性,分析血清钠水平与腹水、低钾血症、上消化道出血、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、自发性腹膜炎的关系。结果血清钠水平与Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分均呈负相关(r=-0. 446、-0. 631,P <0. 05)。与其他血钠水平相比,重度低钠血症患者中,低钾血症、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、自发性腹膜炎、大量腹水的发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论失代偿期肝硬化患者血清钠水平与患者肝功能差、并发症多发、MELD评分高具有相关性,需引起重视。     

低钠血症对失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后分析

目的 比较低钠血症、Child-Pugh评分、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分对失代偿期肝硬化患者近期死亡危险的预测价值.方法 选取2000-2009年收住我院的失代偿期肝硬化患者61例,其中19例死亡病例(死亡组),42例好转出院病例(存活组).比较存活组与死亡组患者血清钠、总胆红素、肌酐水平,凝血酶原时间,MELD评分、Child-Pugh评分等,并对相关数据进行统计分析.结果 死亡组患者血清总胆红素、肌酐水平,凝血酶原时间,MELD评分及Child-Pugh评分较存活组显著增高,而血清钠则较存活组显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).低钠血症与MELD评分、Child-Pugh评分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.527和-0.419,P均＜0.01),MELD评分与Child-Pugh评分呈正相关(r=0.754,P＜0.01).COX回归分析显示,低钠血症及MELD评分是失代偿期肝硬化患者死亡危险性的独立预测因素(P值分别为0.000和0.015).结论 低钠血症与MELD评分均是预测失代偿期肝硬化患者死亡的独立危险因素.     

肝硬化失代偿期低钠血症176例临床分析

目的 探讨肝硬化失代偿期患者不同血清钠水平与病情严重程度的关系.方法 回顾性分析176例肝硬化腹水伴低钠血症患者的临床资料.结果 患者低钠血症程度与肝肾功能、凝血功能、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、低钠纠正效果均有相关性.在肝性脑病、肝肾综合征发生率方面,低钠血症重度组与轻、中度组之间比较均有显著性差异;在病死率上低钠血症重度组与轻、中度组之间比较有显著性差异.结论 肝硬化失代偿期患者的血清钠水平与其病重程度相关,监测血清钠水平可作为判断肝硬化腹水病情严重程度的重要指标之一.     

失代偿期肝硬化合并低钠血症108例临床分析

目的 探讨肝硬化失代偿期患者不同血清钠水平与病情严重程度及预后的关系.方法 收集我院2006年7月至2010年12月220例肝硬化腹水患者,分析血钠水平与肝功能MELD评分、顽固性腹水、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征及预后等的关系.结果 并发低钠血症者108例,低钠血症患者合并肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、顽固性腹水的发生率及病死率明显高于血钠正常者,血钠水平与肝功能严重程度密切相关.结论 肝硬化失代偿期患者的血清钠水平与其病重程度相关,监测血清钠水平可作为判断失代偿期肝硬化病情严重程度的重要指标.     

肝硬化失代偿期的钠代谢变化

目的:为观察肝硬化失代偿期患者钠代谢变化特点,对126例失代偿期肝硬化患者的血清钠变化及临床意义进行了分析。结果:肝硬化失代偿期患者低钠血症的发生率较高(46.03%),肝功能越差发生低钠血症的可能性越高,肝硬化失代偿期合并低钠患者,发生肝性恼病、肝肾综合征及病死的机率都升高。提示:肝硬化失代偿期与钠的代谢失衡有必然联系。     

肝硬化低钠血症与预后的关系探讨

目的:探讨低钠血症与肝硬化并发症的关系,以及严重低钠血症对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析80例失代偿期肝硬化患者的临床资料,探讨肝硬化低钠血症与肝性脑病、child-Pugh分级以及疾病预后(死亡率)的关系。结果:血钠水平变化与肝性脑病、child-Pugh分级以及预后相关(P<0.05)。结论:肝硬化患者血清钠水平越低,肝性脑病发生率越高,child-Pugh评分越低,同时血清钠水平还可预测患者的预后(短期死亡率)。     

恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙肝肝硬化临床分析

目的研究分析恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙肝肝硬化的临床疗效与安全性。方法以2015年1月至2018年12月我院收治的86例失代偿期乙肝肝硬化患者为研究对象,将其分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用恩替卡韦进行治疗,对照组应用阿德福韦酯进行治疗,对分析两组患者相关治疗效果情况。结果两组患者治疗后丙氨转氨酶、血清白蛋白、血清总胆红素、凝血酶原活动度水平以及Child-Pugh评分均显著优于治疗前,但组间比较差异较小,无统计学意义。观察组HBV DNA转阴率显著高于对照组。观察组相关并发症发生率显著低于对照组。结论恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙肝肝硬化的临床疗效较为确切,安全性好,值得推广。     

终末期肝病模型对失代偿期肝硬化患者预后评估的临床意义

目的评价终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、Child-Pugh分级及包含血肌酐值的Child-Pugh(CrCTP)分级对失代偿期肝硬化患者预后预测的意义。方法分别计算14例失代偿期肝硬化死亡患者(死亡组)和79例失代偿期肝硬化好转患者(对照组)的MELD、Child-Pugh及CrCTP分,并用受试者工作曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)比较MELD评分、Child-Pugh分级及CrCTP分级判断肝硬化患者预后的准确性。结果两组患者MELD、Child-Pugh及CrCTP分间差别均有统计学意义(P=0.001)。在判断患者预后的ROC的AUC比较中,MELD评分(0.849)>CrCTP分级(0.815)>Child-Pugh分级(0.756)(P<0.05)。结论MELD评分在判断失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后方面优于Child-Pugh分级及CrCTP分级。     

肝硬化失代偿期并发低钠血症的临床分析

目的观察肝硬化失代偿期患者合并低钠血症的临床特点。方法对80例肝硬化失代偿期患者常规检查,进行肝功能Child-pugh分级和血钠测定,同时观察血钾以及腹水、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征、肝性脑病和自发性腹膜炎等并发症的情况。结果肝硬化失代偿期低钠血症的发生率为45%（36/80）,肝硬化患者并发低钠血症与肝功能分级有密切关系（χ2=13.481,P=0.001）,血钠水平越低,肝功能越差。肝硬化失代偿期并发低钠低钾血症占27.5%（22/80）,血钠水平愈低,低血钾发生率愈高（P=0.001）,发生腹水、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征和自发性腹膜炎等并发症的机会愈多（P〈0.05）。结论监测血钠,对防治肝硬化并发症有重要临床价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.