内蒙古啮齿动物分布聚类区初步探讨

本文将内蒙古５５种啮齿动物在本自治区８个动物地理省中的有或无分布作为二元属性，表征动物地理省间种类组成的相似性用联合系数表示，并以类平均法进行聚类。根据聚类结果，讨论了分布聚类与动物地理区划的关系。     

陕西地貌特征与汉坦病毒的分布关系

目的研究陕西地区地貌特征与汉坦病毒型别、主要宿主啮齿动物分布间的关系。方法出血热肾病综合征（HFRS）监测数据来自我省历年监测资料，结合生物、地理学和地貌特征进行分析和研究。结果陕西自然地理划分为三大地貌区和6个啮齿动物地理区。鄂尔多斯荒漠草原、黄土高原森林草原、关中盆地、秦岭山地、汉江谷地、大巴山山地，病例构成分别为0，8．68％、89．21％、1．84％、0．04％和0．06％。姬鼠型出血热宿主黑线姬鼠在关中盆地数量最多、分布广、密度大是我省姬鼠型出血热的最主要疫区。结果表明，地貌特征与汉坦病毒型别、宿主动物分布间呈显著相关。结论以地形、地貌特征与汉坦出血热型别、病例分布相结合的动态观察和研究，可较好的阐明其分布、疫源地特征、流行规律和特点，为更好的制定防制、控制发病提供依据。     

陕西省啮齿动物种数分布及其生物多样性的研究

目的 研究陕西地区啮齿动物种数分布及与生态因子、海拔高度、景观类型之间的关系。方法 用多元线性回归法，得出回归方程。结果 根据自然地理概况，陕西地区划分为6个啮齿动物地理区。对不同地理区内可能影响啮齿动物种数的4种生态因子与啮齿类物种数之间进行多元线性回归分析。结果表明，气温、降雨量、森林覆盖率及面积与啮齿类物种之间呈显著正相关。对秦岭、大巴山地区啮齿类的垂直分布进行分析，啮齿类物种数与海拔高度呈显著负相关。啮齿动物种数与景观类型也有密切关系，景观类型越复杂，啮齿类物种数越丰富。结论 与环境密切相适应的啮齿动物与各种生态因子有着密切的关系，生态因子影响啮齿类多样性。     

陕西省地貌特征与汉坦病毒分布关系研究

目的研究陕西地区地貌特征与汉坦病毒型别、主要宿主啮齿动物分布间的关系。方法HFRS监测数据来自陕西省历年监测资料,结合生物、地理学和地貌特征分析和研究。结果陕西自然地理划分为三大地貌区和6个啮齿动物地理区。鄂尔多斯荒漠草原、黄土高原森林草原、关中盆地、秦岭山地、汉江谷地、大巴山山地病例构成分别为0.00%、8.68%、89.21%、1.84%、0.04%和0.06%。姬鼠型出血热宿主黑线姬鼠在关中盆地数量最多、分布广、密度大。关中盆地是陕西省姬鼠型出血热的最主要疫区。结论地貌特征与汉坦病毒型别、宿主动物分布间呈显著相关。以地形、地貌特征与汉滩型出血热型别、病例分布相结合的动态观察和研究,可较好的阐明其分布、疫源地特征、流行规律和特点,为更好的制定措施控制发病提供依据。     

广西鼠疫自然疫源地调查研究

目的 查明广西隆林和西林县鼠疫自然疫源地主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类，确定该疫源地的性质和分布范围，为预防控制鼠疫提供科学依据。方法 运用流行病学方法对广西隆林和西林县的4个乡镇53个村屯展开调查，采集啮齿动物、指示动物和媒介蚤标本，检测鼠疫菌和鼠疫F1抗体。结果 该地区啮齿动物有2目3科10种，以黄胸鼠为优势鼠种；蚤类有6种，以印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种；从黄胸鼠体内分离出鼠疫菌25株，检测到F1抗体阳性血清31份。结论 综合地理、宿主动物、媒介蚤及病原体等因素分析认为，广西隆林和西林县存在黄胸鼠鼠疫自然疫源地。     

阿尔善苏木近5年鼠疫监测

自1970年阿尔善苏木判定为布氏田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地以来，曾于1975年、1976年又发生过两次较大流行。为进一步掌握鼠疫流行规律，我们按照《内蒙古鼠疫监测工0作方案》要求，每年都对其进行动态监测。现将1992～1996年鼠疫监测结果摘要如下。l监测情况阿尔善苏木位于锡林浩特以北90km，苏木面积2206km’，人口约1300人。地理上属蒙古高原一部分，在动物地理省属东部内蒙古干草原省。回．回啮齿动物调查布夹11383个，捕鼠1077只，捕获率9．44％。设每公顷样方163个，平均密度为6．60／公顷。捕获的啮齿动物隶属5科、11种，啮齿动物数量分布见…     

贵州省六盘水市啮齿动物初步调查

贵州省六盘水市啮齿动物初步调查贵州省六盘水市植保植检站（邮编：５５３００１）杨光礼摸清啮齿动物种类、优势种以及地理分布，是制定综合治理措施必不可少的基础工作，为此，笔者于近年对全市代表性地区的啮齿动物进行了系统调查。根据调查结果及有关文献记载，本市啮...     

汉坦病毒宿主动物及其相互关系

汉坦病毒（Hantavirus）属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属，主要由啮齿动物传播。尽管人感染汉坦病毒后能导致2种严重的疾病：肾综合征出血热（HFRS）和汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS），但啮齿类宿主动物感染后几乎无临床症状，其生长繁殖也不受影响，甚至可以终身携带并排泄病毒。这也使得汉坦病毒与宿主之间形成共进化（co—evolution或co—speciation）。在已发现的20多个血清型和（或）基因型汉坦病毒中，每一型均来自一种或少数几种密切相关的啮齿动物。由于汉坦病毒与宿主动物间的这种对应关系，宿主动物的种群类型及其分布决定了疫区的性质及其分布，     

河北省啮齿动物地理区划

河北省的啮齿动物,解放前无完整的资料,从五十年代开始,我所先后对全省的啮齿动物区系进行了较为全面的调查,并曾有过报道,但关于啮齿动物地理区划,未见专门论及。我们根据多年的调查资料,参照我省自然地理、动物地理区划,现将河北省的啮齿动物区系作如下区划和叙述。     

内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗啮齿动物种类调查分析

目的掌握内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗的啮齿动物种类分布,为合理利用动物资源和控制有害啮齿动物提供科学的依据。方法在进行动物鼠疫调查或监测期间,采用弓形铗和平板铗等工具捕获啮齿动物,并进行分类鉴定。结果内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗地区发现啮齿动物2目4科14属14种。结论内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗地区的啮齿动物进行了一些基础性工作,但对啮齿动物的生态学及流行病学等方面的研究涉及较少,因此需要今后进行大量的调查和研究工作,才能对合理利用动物资源和控制有害啮齿动物提供更科学的依据。     

五年级小学生学习成绩与心理健康的关系

目的 了解小学生学习成绩与心理健康的关系,为有针对性地进行干预提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取太原市6所小学1 652名五年级学生作为调查对象,进行一般情况和心理测验的问卷调查.采用SPSS13.0对调查结果进行统计.结果 女生、独生子女的学习成绩优于男生和非独生子女;随着父母亲文化程度的提高,学生的学习成绩显著提高.多因素分析表明,与语文成绩呈显著正关联的因素有学生的自我意识、性别、是否独生子女和吃早餐情况;与数学成绩呈显著正关联的因素有学生的自我意识、是否独生子女、每周校外体育锻炼情况和父亲文化程度;孤独感与数学成绩显显著负关联;自我意识、是否独生子女与总均分呈显著正关联,孤独感和体重状态与总均分呈显著负关联.结论 五年级小学生的学习成绩与心理健康状况呈显著相关.坚持适当的校外体育锻炼、限制银屏活动时间 、每天吃早餐等有利于学生学习成绩的提高.     

Risk of bioaerosol contamination with Aspergillus species before and after cleaning in rooms filtered with high-efficiency particulate air filters that house patients with hematologic malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of cleaning and directional airflow on environmental contamination with Aspergillus species in hospital rooms filtered with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that house patients with hematologic malignancy. DESIGN: Detailed environmental assessment. SETTING: A 475-bed tertiary cancer center in the southern United States. METHODS: From April to October 2004, 1,258 surface samples and 627 bioaerosol samples were obtained from 74 HEPA-filtered rooms (in addition, 88 outdoor bioaerosol samples were obtained). Samples were collected from rooms cleaned within 1 hour after patient discharge and from rooms before cleaning. Positive and negative airflows were evaluated using air-current tubes at entrances to patient rooms. RESULTS: Of 1,258 surface samples, 3.3% were positive for Aspergillus species. Univariate analysis showed no relationship between cleaning status and occurrence of Aspergillus species. Of 627 bioaerosol samples, 7.3% were positive for Aspergillus species. Multiple logistic analysis revealed independently significant associations with detection of Aspergillus species. Cleaned rooms positive for Aspergillus species had a higher geometric mean density of colonies than that of rooms sampled before cleaning (18.9 vs 5.5 colony-forming units [cfu] per cubic meter; P=.0047). Rooms with positive airflow had a detection rate for bioaerosol samples equivalent to that of rooms with negative airflow (7.3% vs 7.8%; P=.8). There was no significant difference in the density of Aspergillus species between rooms with negative airflow and rooms with positive airflow (12.5 vs 8.4 cfu/m(3); P=.33). CONCLUSIONS: Concentration of bioaerosol contamination with Aspergillus species was increased in rooms sampled 1 hour after cleaning compared with rooms sampled before cleaning, suggesting a possible correlation between re-entrained bioaerosols (ie, those suspended by activity in the room) after cleaning and the risk of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis.     

Different behavioral patterns related to alcohol use in rodents: a factor analysis.

To estimate genetic correlations among behavioral measures from explorative crossmaze, inescapable slip funnel, as well as from drinking tests, the data from five pairs of high/low alcohol drinking rat (AA/ANA, P/NP, HAD1/LAD1, HAD2/LAD2, HIGH-IPH/LOW-IPH) and from three pairs of mouse (B10.AKM/B10.A(4R), HD/LD, Small_Brain/ Large_Brain) lines were evaluated by the use of principal component analysis. The analysis yielded a two-factor solution explaining 71.8% of total variability. Both the factors had high positive loadings on alcohol drinking. The first factor had sufficient positive loadings on latency of crossmaze exploration and total time of slip funnel immobility, whereas, there was a negative loading on slip funnel avoidance. The second factor had positive loadings on efficacy of crossmaze exploration and slip funnel escape attempts, whereas there was a negative loading on slip funnel immobility. The number of defecations in the crossmaze, time in open arms of the elevated plus-maze, time immobile during the forced-swim test, as well as intake of a saccharin solution, additionally available for a lesser number of the lines, were studied for correlations with the factor scores. The first factor of "alcohol drive with timidity and meekness" exhibited positive relation to saccharin intake. Time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze showed significant negative correlation with a latency of crossmaze exploration. The second factor of "alcohol drive with novelty seeking and persistence" showed a negative link to crossmaze defecations and forced-swim immobility.     

Associations between filarial and gastrointestinal nematodes

The possibility that positive or negative associations occur between the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and the gastrointestinal nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was investigated in 205 children attending three schools in central Cameroon. Despite the closeness of their locations, marked differences between the schools were detected with respect to the number of species carried, the prevalence of O. volvulus and T. trichiura and the interaction between the prevalence of these two species. The number of species carried and these same prevalences varied significantly across the narrow age range of the study group. In addition, we observed an interaction between the prevalences of O. volvulus and A. lumbricoides that was dependent upon school but independent of host age and sex. Quantitative analyses revealed that the abundances of O. volvulus, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were affected by both school and age whereas host sex was significant only for O. volvulus. Finally, we observed significant positive interactions between the intensities of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura and between O. volvulus and T. trichiura, that were school, age and sex independent. Our data suggest that associations do occur between filarial and gastrointestinal nematodes and that certain individuals are prone to multiple and high-level infections.     

Comparative xenodiagnosis with three triatomine species of different hosts with natural and experimental chronic infections with Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi.

Simultaneous xenodiagnosis was made of 29 patients with chronic Chagas's disease, six naturally infected opossums (Didelphis azarae) and of a Rhesus monkey with an experimental chronic infection with Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (Peru strain). Patients and opossums were from an endemic area in the state of Bahia, Brazil, where Panstrongylus megistus is the sole domiciliary vector of the disease to man. Various instars of P. megistus Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus were used. The proportion of bugs infected with compared with bloodmeal intake by a computer programme using linear logistic analysis. The analysis showed that there are intrinsic interspecific differences in susceptibility to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi between the three triatomine species used and that subsequent infection of bugs with T. cruzi is correlated with the quantity of blood ingested. The results show that interspecific differences of bloodmeal size and intrinsic differences in susceptibility to T. cruzi between triatomine species are limiting factors for the standardization and interpretation of the results of xenodiagnosis.     

Twin concordance for a binary trait: III. A bivariate analysis of hay fever and asthma

Self-reported histories of hay fever and asthma were obtained from 3,808 pairs of adult twins 18 years and over registered with the Australian National Health Medical Research Council Twin Registry (1232 MZF, 567 MZM, 751 DZF, 352 DZM, 906 DZO). The prevalence of hay fever and asthma was 0.32 and 0.13, respectively, with little variation with zygosity, sex, and age. The associations between twin pairs for these two traits were analysed, under the assumption of constant prevalences, as a special case of a log-linear model for binary traits in pedigrees using the statistical package GLIM. The model assumption that there are no second- or higher-order interactions was tested in the 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 table of twin by disease outcomes without revealing strong evidence of departure, even in this large data set. The log-linear modelling showed that only three first-order interactions, namely 1) between hay fever in a twin pair, 2) asthma in a twin pair, and 3) hay fever and asthma in the same twin, were necessary to describe the data. The first two interaction terms were significantly larger in identical pairs; the third was independent of zygosity. Under this parsimonious model, there was a significant difference between identical and fraternal pairs in marginal correlation, both in asthma and hay fever, and in the cross-correlation between hay fever in one twin and asthma in the other. This suggests that genetic factors are implicated in both hay fever and asthma and that some of these genetic factors are common (at least among a subgroup of individuals) to both traits.     

结直肠癌患者血脂、白细胞和维生素E水平分析

目的探讨结、直肠癌患者血脂、白细胞(WBC)和维生素E(VE)水平。方法对139例结、直肠癌住院患者和125例社区健康人群分别检测血脂水平、WBC计数和VE,并分析WBC、VE与血脂的相关性。使用单因素Logistic回归分析计算OR值。结果病例组血浆甘油三酯(TG)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)和WBC水平均高于对照组,而血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和VE水平低于对照组(P0.05)。高TG和高WBC患结、直肠癌的OR值分别为1.757和5.897;低HDL-C患结、直肠癌OR值为2.552,有统计学意义(P0.05)。WBC与TG、VLDL-C呈正相关(r1),与HDL-C呈负相关(r1);VE与HDL-C呈正相关(r1),与TG、VLDL-C呈负相关(r1)。结论血脂、WBC和VE可能与结、直肠癌相关。     

湖北宜昌市有瓣蝇类地理区划研究

目的 研究宜昌市有瓣蝇类的种类及地理区划。方法 分析已知有瓣蝇类的区系成分。结果 已知有瓣蝇类6科99属256种，其中东洋界种类110种，占43．0％；古北界种类107种，占41．8％；广布两界者39种，占15．2％。结论 宜昌地区有瓣蝇类应划归东洋界。