20家新建扩建企业工作场所中化学有害因素控制效果分析

对广西20家新建、扩建企业工作场所空气中的化学有害因素进行检测与分析。结果显示,大部分化学有害因素的检测合格率为100.00%,锰和磷化氢的检测合格率分别为87.50%、83.33%,碳酸钠的检测合格率为66.67%,甲醛的检测合格率仅为33.33%。建议企业应从职业卫生管理、职业病危害防护设施、个人防护用品、应急救援等多方面完善职业卫生防护措施,降低工作场所生产环境中化学有害因素浓度,以达到确实保护劳动者健康的目的。 更多还原     

北京市丰台区77家木制家具厂木尘及"三苯"职业病危害现状调查

目的 了解北京市丰台区木制家具生产企业职业病危害的现状.方法 调查该类企业的职业卫生管理情况,对工作场所木尘和"三苯"进行检测,对接触木尘和"三苯"的劳动者进行职业健康检查.结果 77家木制家具生产企业在职业卫生管理制度及设施方面存在不同程度的问题;木尘和苯的空气浓度不合格率分别为27.8%和13.9%;接触木尘劳动者中肺通气功能异常率和接触"三苯"劳动者白细胞低的比率分别为4.2%和2.7%,同时劳动者还有不同程度的尿常规和转氨酶异常以及血压、心电图异常等.结论 木制家具生产企业工作场所木尘和"三苯"对劳动者的健康状况已造成一定危害;缺乏职业病危害工程防护、个体防护用品、规章等职业卫生管理措施;木制家具生产企业职业卫生管理有待于加强.     

天然钻石加工企业现场职业卫生评价报告

目的了解天然钻石加工企业职业卫生现状，为预防、控制职业病危害、保护劳动者健康提供依据。方法采用职业卫生现状调查、检测和评价方法，对企业的基本概况、生产工艺流程、主要职业病危害因素的种类及分布的情况、职业病防护措施、职业卫生管理等进行调查，依据职业卫生相关法律、法规和标准进行评价。结果天然钻石加工企业主要职业病危害因素为粉尘和噪声。结论该企业的职业卫生管理及职业病防护措施等不符合职业卫生要求，需要进行整改。     

某锂电池制造企业职业病危害分析及防控对策

目的 了解某锂电池制造企业职业病危害因素的种类、浓度(强度)及健康危害和防控效果情况,并提出针对性改进措施。方法 对某锂电池制造企业采用职业卫生调查、工程分析和检测检验方法,调查企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素、职业病防护设施、职业卫生管理措施现状,分析工作场所职业病危害因素检测结果。结果 该企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有生产性粉尘、化学毒物和噪声、高温、电离辐射等物理因素。现场检测结果显示,石墨粉尘合格率为66.7%,噪声合格率为94.3%,其他职业病危害因素均符合国家职业接触限值的要求。结论 该锂电池制造企业采取了相应的职业病防护措施,总体防控效果较好,但仍需加强防护设施的维护、个体防护和健康监护,以保障劳动者职业健康。     

某采油厂化学有害因素职业危害调查分析

目的 了解某油田采油厂工作场所化学有害因素的职业病危害。 方法 现场调查各工作场所空气中化学有害因素的分布和来源、对人体健康的影响、职业病防护设施、个体防护用品和职业卫生管理等情况,对空气中化学有害因素进行检测,对接害人员进行职业健康检查。 结果 大部分工作场所空气中化学因素的浓度均在检出限以下,少部分工作场所有检出值,但明显低于国家职业接触限值,有1个工作地点检测结果超标。职工职业健康检查结果显示有12名原油分析化验工白细胞减少。 结论 该采油厂存在苯、甲醛等职业病危害因素。企业应进一步加强针对苯、甲醛、硫化氢等重点职业病危害因素的防护,加强通风排毒措施,避免发生职业病中毒事故。     

某涂料厂职业病危害现状评价

目的 通过对某涂料厂油性涂料生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素、危害程度以及职业健康体检中存在的问题进行分析,探讨相应的工程控制措施和管理措施,为加强企业职业健康监护和个体防护提供依据。 方法 采用职业卫生调查法、检测检验法、工程分析法对公司制漆作业场所职业病危害因素进行识别、分析和评价。 结果 现场存在的职业病危害因素主要有树脂粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶剂汽油,检测浓度均符合国家职业接触限值;职业健康检查中血常规异常人员逐年增加,占一线作业人员总数的47.6%;现场职业卫生管理有待完善,职工个人保护意识淡薄。 结论 该项目属于职业病严重危害项目,公司需落实相关职业卫生管理制度,提高职工个人的自我防护意识,进一步完善职工职业健康监护工作,保护劳动者健康。     

广西15家企业工作场所的粉尘检测结果

目的为了解广西15家企业工作场所不同粉尘的危害现状,评价其职业病防护措施及其效果。方法对广西15家工业企业工作场所空气中的粉尘进行检测与分析。结果仅汽车制造、化肥、高精度铝板带箔行业的样本合格率为100%,蔗渣造纸业样本合格率为75.56%,电力行业样本合格率为87.08%,水泥企业样本合格率为61.76%,浮法玻璃制造样本合格率为88.89%,卷烟企业样本合格率为84.38%。结论企业应从职业卫生管理、职业病危害防护设施、个人防护用品、应急救援等多方面完善职业卫生防护措施,降低工作场所生产环境中粉尘浓度,以达到保护劳动者健康的目的 。     

某国家级经济技术开发区35家装备制造企业职业卫生管理现状调查

目的 了解某国家级经济技术开发区35家装备制造企业职业卫生管理现状。 方法 采用问卷调查的方式获取企业的基本信息及各项制度和管理工作开展的情况。 结果 大型企业中接触职业病危害因素的劳动者占接害劳动者总数的70.2%。35家装备制造企业职业卫生管理各项指标的符合率在48.6%~100%之间,职业卫生管理情况总体较好。职业病防护设施的管理以及职业健康监护工作符合要求的企业只有48.6%和57.1%。大型企业职业卫生管理总体情况优于中型企业和小型企业。 结论 该国家级经济技术开发区装备制造业中小型企业的职业卫生管理情况优于其他区域;大型企业应作为监管焦点;监管部门应加强企业职业病防护设施的管理和劳动者职业健康的监护。     

职业卫生现状监测评价程序

随着《职业病防治法》公布实施和相关配套法规的逐步完善，职业卫生评价工作尤其重要。职业卫生现状监测评价目的是为分析作业场所职业病危害因素的种类及其危害程度，评价职业病危害防护措施的有效性，促进企业的职业病防治意识、提高企业职业卫生管理水平，保护劳动者健康及其相关权益，促进经济发展和社会进步。     

深圳市宝安区使用正己烷企业职业卫生现状调查

目的调查深圳市宝安区使用正己烷企业的职业卫生现状。方法采用溶剂解吸-气相色谱法检测工作场所空气中正己烷的时间加权平均浓度,对劳动者的职业健康监护情况进行分析,并对个人防护状况进行问卷调查。结果所调查的328家企业中工作场所正己烷浓度合格率为93.7%,其中电子类和印刷类企业使用正己烷比例最高,约60%;存在正己烷危害最多的工作岗位是印刷位和清洗位。对2 431名劳动者进行了职业健康检查,未发现疑似职业病病例,检出职业禁忌证13人;2 659名劳动者中,有个人防护的占92.2%,70.9%的劳动者个人防护用品包含橡胶手套或防毒口罩,其中电子类企业的个人防护率最低,为68.0%。结论深圳市宝安区使用正己烷企业职业卫生防护工作开展较为全面,但是能对正己烷产生有效防护用品使用率相对较低,其中电子类企业的个人防护相对较差。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.