Treatment of retinal detachment of the course of retinopathy of prematurity

Cryo- and laser therapy of stage 3 have reduced, but not eliminated the occurrence of retinal detachment in stages 4a, 4b and 5 of ROP. In this disease the treatment of these stages is still the greatest challenge to the ophthalmologist. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present our up-to-date possibilities of treatment of different kinds of retinal detachments in ROP, including segmental scleral buckling, encircling scleral buckling, scleral resection, vitrectomy and its modifications in ROP. Guidelines of surgery of retinal detachment in active stage 4 and 5 of retinopathy of prematurity have been described.     

Analysis of some of the possible neonatal risk factors of development of retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate some of the possible risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 71 preterm infants with ROP needing treatment and 118 prematures without ROP or with ROP requiring no treatment, as a control group. All infants were born with gestational age < or = 32 weeks and birth weight < or = 1500g. The perinatal variables, including some of clinical data, the length of mechanical ventilation as well as continous positive airway pressure (CPAP), duration of total parenteral nutrition and some of laboratory data were analyzed, to evaluate their correlation with the development of ROP. RESULTS: Gestational age before 28 weeks (OR = 5.11), episodes of convulsiones (OR = 2.15), mechanical ventilation for more than 20 days (OR = 5.86) and > 30 days (OR = 7.47), CPAP for more than 5 days (OR = 4.15) and > 10 days (OR = 2.84), total parenteral nutrition for more than 10 days (OR = 7.84) and > 20 days (OR = 9.02) and elevated peak of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) levels (OR = 3.17) were significant risk factors for ROP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The opthalmic examination for retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation should be obligatory for prematures born < or = 32 weeks of gestational age, with birth weight < or = 1500 g.The frequency of the consecutive ophthalmic examinations depends on the severity of prematurity and on the presence and intensification of the risk factors for ROP.     

艾滋病眼部并发症的资料分析

目的:通过调查分析,了解艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现、治疗及预后。方法:收集赞比亚卡布韦总医院眼科2008-08/2009-08就诊患者。结果:艾滋病眼部并发症症状重,病程长,致盲率高。结论:充分认识、掌握艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现,提高艾滋病的检出率,早发现、早治疗,提高艾滋病患者的生活质量。同时应强调预防是降低艾滋病发生率的关键。     

角膜曲率的分析

目的：探讨我国人角膜曲率半径的正常值及不同性别、不同年龄的角膜曲率半径差异。方法：对10998只眼的角膜曲率进行检测，并按男、女10岁一组进行统计分析。结果：（1）K1为7.65mm,K2为7.71mm，平均K值为7.67mm。较眼科学正常值K:7.77mm短0.1mm。（2）K的平均值男性较女性的长0.1155mm。且女性各年龄段角膜曲率半径均男性的有不同程度的减短。（3）男女均随年龄的增长，角膜曲率半径大致呈递减趋势，即：角膜曲率半径与年龄成反比关系。（４）男女K1,K2之比，均随年龄增长而增长，即K1逐渐增长而增长，即　K1值逐渐增长，K2逐渐减短。结论：本文测定的角膜曲率较眼科文献中的提供的正常值短0.1mm，并且存在着年龄、性别上的差异。     

Use of ultrasonic method of examination in the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity

A total of 164 children (328 eyes) aged 2 months to 3 years with stages L-V retinopathy neonatorum (RN) were examined. Ultrasonic examination of children with RN is an important accessory method in complex examination of the eyes in children with RN with exudative and fibrous changes of the vitreous and massive hemorrhages. Indications for the use of ultrasonic method of examination in children with RN are defined in order to evaluate the need in preventive laser or for kryocoagulation of the retina or diagnosis of retinal detachment in RN, particularly before surgery. This method helps predict the disease course and evaluate the time course of the process.     

Role of biopotentials of the retina in the study of mechanisms of the development of nystagmus]

Total and local electroretinograms were studied simultaneously with registration of visual evoked potentials in 174 patients with nystagmus without pathologic shifts in the anterior section of the eyeball. Clinical and electrophysiologic findings permitting dividing the patients with nystagmus into two groups with different prognosis of the disease course: that without apparent changes in the fundus oculi with normal and subnormal parameters of the total and local ERG and that with pathologic changes in the retina and optic nerve and the corresponding electrophysiologic symptoms. Central mechanisms of nystagmus origin may be supposed in Group 1; visual function improved after pleoptic treatment. In Group 2 sensory mechanisms of nystagmus development are possible; visual functions did not improve after therapy. The mechanisms of vision deterioration in nystagmus are to be studied.     

多排螺旋CT三维重建对视神经管骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对视神经管骨折的诊断价值。方法对58例眼部外伤的病人行螺旋CT扫描，并进行三维重建。结果58例病人中，均伴不同程度的眼眶骨折，合并视经管骨折8例，其中视神经管内壁骨折4例，内壁为蝶窦壁3例，筛窦壁1例，外壁骨折3例，上壁骨折1例，通过三维重建可清晰地显示骨折线，骨重建显示准确，多平面重建定位好，3D重建显示骨折直观、立体。结论多排螺旋CT三维重建对视神经管骨折显示清晰，定位准确，对临床论断及治疗提供充分的依据。     

亟待新型早产儿视网膜病变动物模型的问世

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚,制约了其有效防治和相关研究的深入开展。尽管氧诱导视网膜病变动物模型为探索ROP复杂的病因和发病机制发挥了重要作用,但特异性较差,与人类ROP临床本质存在一定差异。因此,有必要对现有动物模型进行改良或建立新动物模型。通过更新观念、在多学科交叉中寻求突破,融合更多ROP危险因素,并结合新兴的转基因技术以及完善模型评价系统,建立科学的实验研究平台,为更好地开展ROP防治研究奠定基础。     

招飞对象中瘘管搔刮术治疗先天性泪囊瘘的初步研究

目的:探讨瘘管搔刮术对招收飞行学员对象中先天性泪囊瘘患者的治疗作用。方法:我区2005-03/2008-03招飞体检中,确诊先天性泪囊瘘患者11例13眼,其中5例7眼行瘘管搔刮术治疗,6例6眼行瘘管切除术治疗。结果:患者11例均一次成功,随访16±5.6mo,全部无复发,但行瘘管切除术者有3例因术后遗留瘢痕较大而于复检时被淘汰。结论:瘘管搔刮术是根治招飞对象中先天性泪囊瘘单纯患者的有效方法,可使之符合招飞标准并得以选择性保留,符合新形势下空军"重功能、轻形态"的招飞思想。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查和阈值期治疗的研究

目的研究早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率,评估ROP阈值期治疗效果。方法使用双目间接检眼镜对108例早产儿进行ROP筛查,将筛查结果进行统计学分析,达到阈值病变的患儿及时进行视网膜激光光凝或经巩膜、视网膜冷凝术。结果筛查108例早产儿,发现ROP23例,发生率为21.3%。在所有ROP患儿中,ROP1期13例,占56.5%;ROP2期3例,占13.0%;ROP3期7例,占30.4%。其中ROP3期患儿均伴有附加病变,达到阈值病变标准。ROP患儿出生体重为(1.43±0.25)kg(t=4.059,P<0.001);孕周为(31.0±2.3)周(t=2.637,P=0.013);吸氧时间为1~49d,平均17d(n=23,Z=-3.630,P<0.001);需要机械辅助呼吸患儿18例(χ2=12.009,P=0.001);上述指标与非ROP患儿比较,差异均有统计学意义;而与是否多胎的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.013,P=0.314)。Logistic回归分析:出生体重低(β=-2.542,OR=0.079,P=0.032)和使用机械辅助呼吸(β=1.341,OR=3.823,P=0.025)的患儿是发生ROP的相关高危因素。7例阈值期病变患儿中,6例进行激光光凝或冷凝治疗。术后随访2个月至2年,手术眼的结构和视功能未见异常。1例阈值期病变患儿未予治疗,于1个月后出现视网膜脱离。结论出生体重轻、孕周少、吸氧时间长、需要机械辅助呼吸的早产儿发生ROP的风险较高。对阈值期病变患儿应及时进行激光光凝或冷凝治疗。     

强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视488例观察

目的 探讨强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视的疗效.方法 对确诊为弱视的488例598只眼门诊儿童患者,按不同原因引起的弱视,分别给予以强化后像为主的综合治疗,对弱视的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的程度、弱视的性质以及弱视治疗的时间与疗效的关系分别进行分析.结果 通过强化后 像为主的综合治疗,随访1-2年,488例598只眼:基本治愈378只眼,有效170只眼,无效50只眼.弱视治疗的总有效率91.64%,其中治愈率63.21%,进步28.43,无效8.36%,3～6岁年龄组、屈光不正性弱视、轻度弱视、中心性注视治疗治愈率最高,治疗时间坚持越长治疗效果越好.结论 弱视的疗效与患儿的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的性质、弱视的程度及弱视的治疗时间密切相关,强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视488例观察

目的 探讨强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视的疗效.方法 对确诊为弱视的488例598只眼门诊儿童患者,按不同原因引起的弱视,分别给予以强化后像为主的综合治疗,对弱视的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的程度、弱视的性质以及弱视治疗的时间与疗效的关系分别进行分析.结果 通过强化后 像为主的综合治疗,随访1-2年,488例598只眼:基本治愈378只眼,有效170只眼,无效50只眼.弱视治疗的总有效率91.64%,其中治愈率63.21%,进步28.43,无效8.36%,3～6岁年龄组、屈光不正性弱视、轻度弱视、中心性注视治疗治愈率最高,治疗时间坚持越长治疗效果越好.结论 弱视的疗效与患儿的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的性质、弱视的程度及弱视的治疗时间密切相关,强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

不同入路视神经管减压开放术疗效分析

目的：对比分析不同入路视寞刘经管减压术的疗效。方法：比较1989年10月至2000年10月北京同仁医院收治178例进行不同入路视神经管减压术的患者的手术效果。结果：鼻外开筛视神经管减压开放术总有效率为64.5%，眶缘筛前-筛后入路视神经管减压开放术总有效率为63.0%。经颅视神经管减压开放术总有效率为78.0%。结论：经颅视神经管减压开放术，术野开阔，解剖清晰，可直接充分有效地开放视神经管骨壁，本术式疗效高，安全，有条件的地方应积极推广应用。     

The viability of the detached retina of the rabbit eye--electrophysiological observation of influence of duration of the detachment]

The influence of the duration of the retinal detachment on the function of detached retina was electrophysiologically investigated in the rabbit eye. Experimental retinal detachment with a diameter of 4 mm was made by injecting sodium hyaluronate into the subretinal space. The transretinal ERG (TR-ERG) was recorded from the detached retina between a pair of double-barreled microelectrodes of which the longer tip was positioned into the subretinal space, penetrating the detached retina and the shorter tip in the vitreous body. The vitreal ERG (VERG) from the undetached retina was simultaneously recorded between the shorter tip and a scleral electrode. The amplitude of the TR-ERG b-wave significantly decreased 2 hours after the onset of the detachment, and was gradually reduced to minimal value until 96 hours after the detachment. The amplitude of the VERG b-wave remained unchanged. The slow P III amplitude of the TR-ERG gradually decreased and extinguished 96 hours after the detachment, while the c-wave amplitude of the VERG showed no significant changes. The results suggested that the viability of the detached retina reduces rapidly and extinguishes within 96 hours in the rabbit eye.     

中国早产儿视网膜病变登记网的建设

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）近年来在我国逐渐受到关注,成为研究热点.但由于民众欠缺相关知识及专业技术人员的匮乏,致使我国ROP的防治处于初级阶段,亟待ROP知识的普及以及专业防治的开展.＂中国早产儿视网膜病变登记网＂（http：//www.chinarop.com）的建设,旨在加强ROP的科普宣传和医务工作者的专业培训,建立国内的ROP病历注册登记制度及ROP数据库,为国内的ROP研究提供帮助.     

化脓性眼内炎治疗失败原因分析

目的 探讨化脓性眼内炎治疗失败原因。方法 化脓性眼内炎６３例，６例采用传统的常规治疗，２３例单纯玻璃体腔内注药，３４例采用玻璃体腔注药及玻璃体切除术。结果 显效１３例占２０．６％，有效１５例占２３．８％，无效３５例占５５．６％。结论 未能早期诊断并在４８小时内玻璃体腔注射抗生素及未切除玻璃体是眼内炎治疗失败的重要原因。药物敏感试验尚无结论者可选用头孢唑啉钠２．２５ｍｇ玻璃体腔注射。     

眼睑分裂痣的手术方式探讨

目的 探讨不同部位和大小眼睑分裂痣的手术方式及效果.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集本中心1997年7月至2006年11月的眼睑分裂痣病例共30例(30只眼),按不同部位,侵犯范围的大小分别采取了不同的手术方法.包括:分裂痣切除后直接缝合3例;分裂痣切除后Ⅰ期行游离皮肤移植术5例;分裂痣切除后皮瓣转移术,手术分两期进行,Ⅰ期行上睑或下睑手术,3个月后Ⅱ期行另一眼睑手术,共22例,其中对侵及泪小点的分裂痣将色素痣和受侵犯的泪小点一起切除后行泪小管口再造和睑成形术8例.结果 30例患者随访2～11年,平均随访时间60个月.有1例术后2年复发,随诊5年再次手术,术后病理发现有恶变,经再次行Mohs眼睑恶性肿瘤组织学控制性切除术,术后未见复发.其余病例未见复发和恶变.结论 眼睑分裂痣切除术采用分期手术转移皮瓣法修复眼睑比游离植皮法疗效更满意.对分裂痣切除术后的病例需密切观察,以便早期发现恶变.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术后复发的原因分析和再次手术探讨

目的分析泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发的原因并探讨再次手术的可行性。方法对11例泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发的患者予以再手术治疗,随访半年至一年。结果复发原因：泪囊未完全切开2例,骨孔过小或位置错误4例,吻合腔或骨孔内肉芽组织增生堵塞5例;10例术后流泪消失,泪道冲洗通畅,占90.91%,1例流泪减轻,泪道冲洗基本畅通,占9.09%。结论泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发患者可以通过再次手术重建泪道,是治疗泪囊鼻腔吻合术术后复发的有效方法之一。     

Repeatability of clinical measurements of the amplitude of accommodation

In order to determine whether a significant change has occurred in a clinical parameter, it is essential to assess the repeatability of the measurement procedure. Accordingly, the present study has examined the repeatability of three techniques for evaluating the subjective amplitude of accommodation. Clinical amplitudes were determined using the push-up, push-down and minus lens procedures in 13 young individuals (mean age: 24.3 years) on five separate occasions. The standard deviation (SD) of the five examinations was calculated for each individual and the mean values for the population sample determined. The mean SDs for the push-up, push-down and minus lens techniques were equivalent, with 95% confidence limits of approximately 1.4 D being observed for all three procedures. Furthermore, the mean amplitude recorded using the push-up technique was significantly higher than that observed for the other two procedures. It is concluded that a change of at least ± 1.50 D should be adopted as the minimum significant shift in amplitude of accommodation for this age group.     

强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视488例观察

目的 探讨强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视的疗效.方法 对确诊为弱视的488例598只眼门诊儿童患者,按不同原因引起的弱视,分别给予以强化后像为主的综合治疗,对弱视的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的程度、弱视的性质以及弱视治疗的时间与疗效的关系分别进行分析.结果 通过强化后 像为主的综合治疗,随访1-2年,488例598只眼:基本治愈378只眼,有效170只眼,无效50只眼.弱视治疗的总有效率91.64%,其中治愈率63.21%,进步28.43,无效8.36%,3～6岁年龄组、屈光不正性弱视、轻度弱视、中心性注视治疗治愈率最高,治疗时间坚持越长治疗效果越好.结论 弱视的疗效与患儿的年龄、弱视的类型、弱视的性质、弱视的程度及弱视的治疗时间密切相关,强化后像综合疗法治疗儿童弱视疗效显著,值得临床推广.