Conjugal violence in the perspective of "Family Health Strategy" professionals: a public health problem and the need to provide care for the women

Objective

to construct a theoretical matrix based on the meanings of the interactions and actions experienced by the professionals regarding the nursing care practices and the health of women in situations of conjugal violence in the ambit of the Family Health Strategy.

Methods

research based in Grounded Theory. Following approval by the Research Ethics Committee, 52 professionals were interviewed in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The analysis was based on open, axial and selective codifications.

Results

the theoretical model was delimited based on the phenomenon "Recognizing conjugal violence as a public health problem, and the need for management of the care for the woman", which reflects the experience of the professionals in relation to care for the woman, as well as the meanings attributed to this care.

Conclusions

the phenomenon allows one to understand the movement of action and interaction regarding the care for the woman in a situation of conjugal violence.     

The health-disease process and the family health strategy: the user's perspective

OBJECTIVE:

to analyze the meanings Primary Health Care users attribute to their health-disease process and the services used.

METHODS:

this qualitative research uses the focus group technique to interview two groups of users the service monitors. The first is a group of elderly people and the second of pregnant women. To analyze the meanings, the discourse analysis technique and the reference framework of health promotion are used.

RESULTS:

the group of elderly, being mostly female arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients, visualizes the health-disease process as the evolution of human existence controlled by divine power, signifying the health service as a blessing in the control of the disease. The Group of young pregnant women signified health as the ability for self-care and disease as the disability for that purposes, considering the Primary Health Care service as responsible for the recovery of individual and family health.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS:

the users demonstrated dissatisfaction with bureaucratic and vertical relations present at the health services. In each group, it was observed that the meanings for health and disease and meanings of the health service the users elaborated can be related.     

Meanings of quality of life held by patients with colorectal cancer in the context of chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE:

this study''s aim was to interpret the meanings assigned to quality of life by patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

METHOD:

the ethnographic method and the medical anthropology theoretical framework were used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observations with 16 men and women aged from 43 to 75 years old undergoing chemotherapy in a university hospital.

RESULTS:

the meanings and senses describe biographical ruptures, loss of normality of life, personal and social suffering, and the need to respond to chemotherapy''s side effects; chemotherapy is seen as a transitional stage for a cure. Quality of life is considered unsatisfactory because the treatment imposes personal and social limitations and QoL is linked to resuming normal life.

CONCLUSIONS:

the meanings show the importance of considering sociocultural aspects in the conceptualization and assessment of quality of life.     

Cochlear Implant: the complexity involved in the decision making process by the family

Objective

to understand the meanings the family attributes to the phases of the decision-making process on a cochlear implant for their child.

Method

qualitative research, using Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as the theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Data collection instrument: semistructured interview. Nine families participated in the study (32 participants).

Results

knowledge deficit, difficulties to contextualize benefits and risks and fear are some factors that make this process difficult. Experiences deriving from interactions with health professionals, other cochlear implant users and their relatives strengthen decision making in favor of the implant.

Conclusion

deciding on whether or not to have the implant involves a complex process, in which the family needs to weigh gains and losses, experience feelings of accountability and guilt, besides overcoming the risk aversion. Hence, this demands cautious preparation and knowledge from the professionals involved in this intervention.     

Nursing care in Tuberculosis patients at a Spanish sanatorium, 1943-1975

Objectives

the objective in this study is to identify the profile of the nursing staff, the work conditions and to describe nursing care at a sanatorium located in Barcelona, Spain between 1943 and 1975.

Method

historical study undertaken between 2008 and 2010, based on oral sources, five direct and one indirect testimonies, and the analysis of written documents. The data from the testimonies were collected through semistructured interviews.

Results

the nursing staff, mostly religious women, had scarce material and economic resources and no preventive measures to take care of the ill. The nurses undertook activities centered on the basic needs for physical and spiritual wellbeing.

Conclusion

The study reveals how the nurses, despite working in hostile conditions, attempted to safeguard the wellbeing of the patients and accompany them during the death process.     

Software development to support decision making in the selection of nursing diagnoses and interventions for children and adolescents

Objective:

to report the development of a software to support decision-making for the selection of nursing diagnoses and interventions for children and adolescents, based on the nomenclature of nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions of a university hospital in Paraiba.

Method:

a methodological applied study based on software engineering, as proposed by Pressman, developed in three cycles, namely: flow chart construction, development of the navigation interface, and construction of functional expressions and programming development.

Result:

the software consists of administrative and nursing process screens. The assessment is automatically selected according to age group, the nursing diagnoses are suggested by the system after information is inserted, and can be indicated by the nurse. The interventions for the chosen diagnosis are selected by structuring the care plan.

Conclusion:

the development of this tool used to document the nursing actions will contribute to decision-making and quality of care.     

The illness of women and men with sickle cell disease: a Grounded Theory study

Objective:

to understand the meanings given by women and men with sickle cell disease on the illness experience.

Method:

analytical study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 17 adults with sickle cell disease using the Theory Based on Data, or Grounded Theory, as theoretical-methodological referential. Data were collected between the years of 2012 and 2013, in an individual in-depth interview. All the interviews were recorded and analyzed according to the Grounded Theory comparative analysis technique.

Results:

data show four categories which group the experience of illness, the feelings experienced and the path to living with sickle cell disease.

Conclusions:

it was possible to understand that the experience was built by a process in which these people redefined the meaning of their lives, applying new directions to life and to care regarding the experience of the illness. In the context of chronic disease, the nurse''s care is also seen in this study as a foundation, providing attention, directions, and guidance through the required confrontations. Understanding the experience lived by these people, it is possible to enlarge the dimensions and the essence of nursing care required throughout life.     

Anxiety in children following hospitalization: a proposal for a nursing diagnosis

Objective:

to describe the process of developing a nursing diagnosis regarding child anxiety following hospitalization, which is to be submitted to the international classification for nursing practice, in accordance with the guidelines set out by the International Council of Nurses and the ISO standard 18104:2014.

Method:

this methodological study includes a conceptual analysis that bases itself on analyzing the phenomena of anxiety and hospitalization, while identifying the critical attributes of the concept and developing an operational definition.

Results:

all the criteria for including a new nursing concept were followed and there was no violation of the framework of the International Classification for Nursing Practice with the proposed inclusion, since the concept of anxiety already exists in this classification system and the concept of anxiety from hospitalization would be considered a species or subclass of this concept.

Conclusion:

this analysis of the concept of hospitalization anxiety in children allowed its meaning to be clarified and, consequently, understanding to be constructed regarding its practical applicability. This achievement contributed in terms of providing incentive to develop new proposals for nursing diagnoses to be included in the International Classification for Nursing Practice.     

A validation of the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale applied to nursing students

OBJECTIVE:

The current study aimed to validate the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale.

METHOD:

The Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was applied to 349 nursing students. The process included content validation, which involved expert reviews, pilot testing, measurements of reliability using Cronbach''s alpha, and factor analysis to corroborate the validity of the theoretical model''s construct.

RESULTS:

Adequate Cronbach coefficients were obtained for all three dimensions, and factor analysis confirmed the scale''s dimensions (perception, comprehension, and regulation).

CONCLUSION:

The Trait Meta-Mood Scale is a reliable and valid tool to measure the emotional intelligence of nursing students. Its use allows for accurate determinations of individuals'' abilities to interpret and manage emotions. At the same time, this new construct is of potential importance for measurements in nursing leadership; educational, organizational, and personal improvements; and the establishment of effective relationships with patients.     

Quality of nursing care and satisfaction of patients attended at a teaching hospital

Objectives

assess the quality of nursing care, the patients'' satisfaction and the correlation between both.

Method

cross-sectional study, involving 275 patients hospitalized at a teaching hospital in the Central-West of Brazil. The data were collected through the simultaneous application of three instruments. Next, they were included in an electronic database and analyzed in function of the positivity, median value and Spearman''s correlation coefficients.

Results

among the nursing care assessed, only two were considered safe - hygiene and physical comfort; nutrition and hydration - while the remainder were classified as poor. Nevertheless, the patients were satisfied with the care received in the domains assessed: technical-professional, confidence and educational. This can be justified by the weak to moderate correlation that was observed among these variables.

Conclusion

Despite the quality deficit, the patients'' satisfaction level with the nursing care received was high. These results indicate that the institution needs to center its objectives on a continuing evaluation system of the care quality, aiming to attend to the patients'' expectations.     

Implementation of the nursing process in a health area: models and assessment structures used

OBJECTIVE:

to analyze what nursing models and nursing assessment structures have been used in the implementation of the nursing process at the public and private centers in the health area Gipuzkoa (Basque Country).

METHOD:

a retrospective study was undertaken, based on the analysis of the nursing records used at the 158 centers studied.

RESULTS:

the Henderson model, Carpenito''s bifocal structure, Gordon''s assessment structure and the Resident Assessment Instrument Nursing Home 2.0 have been used as nursing models and assessment structures to implement the nursing process. At some centers, the selected model or assessment structure has varied over time.

CONCLUSION:

Henderson''s model has been the most used to implement the nursing process. Furthermore, the trend is observed to complement or replace Henderson''s model by nursing assessment structures.