Complications of operative treatment of injuries of peripheral arteries

In 1991 and 1992, a total of 97 patients with 106 peripherial arterial injuries underwent surgery at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia. Civilian injuries accounted for 53 (54.6%) patients (94.3% males, age range: 16-63 yr, mean: 35.2), and 44 patients had war injuries (93.2% males, age range: 19-61 yr, mean: 34.8). The injuries affected the superfitial femoral artery in 31 (29.24%); the popliteal artery in 28 (26.41%); the brachial artery in 17 (16.04%); the posterior tibial artery in 6 (5.66%); the axillary artery in 5 (4.72%); the anterior tibial artery in 5 (4.72%); the tibioperoneal trunk in 4 (3. 77%); the common femoral artery in 4 (3.77%); the external iliac artery in 2 (1.89%); the profound femoral artery in 2 (1.89%); the radial artery in 1 (0.94%); and ulnar artery in 1 (0.94%).A total of 98 reconstructive procedures were used to treat these patients. Graft interposition carried out in 50 (51.02%); by pass in 25 (25. 51%); end-to-end anastomosis in 9 (9.18%); suture in 8 (8.16%); ligation in 4 (4.08%); and patch-angioplasty in 2 (2.04%). Primary reconstruction of injured arteries was performed in 72.2% and secondary repair in 27.8% cases.Infection developed in 51 (52.57%) patients, and it was significantly (P<0.05) more common in the war injuries (70.45%) and in secondary repairs (88.89%). The presence of associated lesions (69.56%) was also correlated with a greater rate of infection.Amputation was necessary in 21 (21.65%) of our patients, and was significantly (P<0.05) more often performed after secondary (44.44%) than primary operations (12.86%) and in the presence of associated injuries (32.61%).     

联合应用肿瘤标记物在胰腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨肿瘤标记物糖链抗原199(CA 199)、肿瘤抗原242(CA 242)与癌胚抗原(CEA)联合检测对胰腺癌诊断及预后判断的意义.方法 用化学发光技术分别检测胰腺癌50例、胰腺良性疾病42例和健康体检者60例的血清CA 199、CA 242与CEA表达.结果 胰腺癌组CA199、CA 242与CEA等3种标志物血清值分别为(226.26±42.06)、(68.82±7.63)与(9.63±5.84)μg/L,均明显高于其他组(P<0.05);胰腺癌组CA 199、CA 242与CEA阳性率分别为82.61%、76.09%与60.87%,与其他两组比较.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CA 199、CA 242与CEA等3项联检准确性达97.83%.CA 199与胰腺癌分期呈正相关,与患者生存期呈负相关.结论 肿瘤标志物联合检测可明显提高胰腺癌早期确诊率,CA 199对判断预后有一定参考价值.     

Sites of action of CCK of the guinea pig gallbladder

Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) evoked contraction and 3H-acetylcholine (3H-ACh) release of the muscle strip of the guinea pig gallbladder were studied. Although hexamethonium (10(-5) M) or tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) had no effect on CCK-OP (10(-8) M) evoked contraction and 3H-ACh release, Ca-free medium almost completely abolished CCK-OP (10(-8) M) evoked 3H-ACh release. In Ca-free medium contraction evoked by CCK-OP (10(-8) M) was reduced to about 84%, which fitted well with the calculated reduction observed in the presence of atropine (10(-6) M). Dibutyryl cyclic GMP (10(-3) M), which significantly reduced CCK-OP (10(-8) M) evoked contraction to about 40%, had no effect on CCK-OP (10(-8) M) evoked 3H-ACh release. CCK-OP receptors on the intramural cholinergic neurons might be suggested to be different from those on the muscle cells of the guinea pig gallbladder.     

经尿道前列腺电切与汽化切除术的疗效比较

目的 对比分析经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)和经尿道前列腺汽化切除术(TUVRP)的疗效和手术并发症.方法 良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者637例,随机分为TURP组(298例)和TUVRP组(339例).患者术前最大尿流率(Qmax)和国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)分别为(9.8±2.3)、(10.1±2.1)ml/s和15.3±3.1、15.1±3.7.比较2组患者手术时间、失血量、血钠变化及手术并发症发生率.结果 2组手术均顺利,无手术死亡病例.TURP和TUVRP组术后Qmax分别为(19.0±2.9)和(18.0±2.3)ml/s,IPSS 5.0±1.4和8.05±1.6,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),2组问Qmax差异无统计学意义(P0.05)、IPSS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).TURP组手术时间(52±16)min,肉眼血尿持续(9.0±2.3)d,继发性出血6例(2.0%),尿路感染14例(4.7%),下尿路症状(LUTS)26例(8.7%),暂时性尿失禁6例(2.0%),膜部尿道狭窄4例(1.3%);TUVRP组分别为(68±19)min,(12.0±3.6)d,19例(5.6%),38例(11.2%),59例(17.4%),13例(3.8%),16例(4.7%);以上各项2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).TURP组术中失血量(126±29)ml,切除组织(31±8)g,手术前后血钠差(8±6)mmol/L,发生TURS 3例(1%);TUVRP组分别为(122±38)ml,(33±9)g,(7±7)mmol/L,2例(0.6%);以上各项2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05).结论 TURP和TUVRP均为治疗BPH的有效手术方法,TURP手术并发症发生率更低.     

老年骨质疏松性腰背痛误诊调查

作者通过对84例老年性骨质疏松性腰背痛误诊病例的调查分析发现：（1）该清首诊误诊率为47.17％（84/176）；（2）县以下医院误诊占91．3％（314/344）；（3）骨科医师误诊占40．1％（138／344）；（4）误诊的主要原因是对本病认识不足。     

Comparison of assessment tools to score recovery of function after repair of traumatic lesions of the median nerve

In this paper the recovery after repair of the median nerve has been used to compare different assessment tools for evaluation of peripheral nerve function: touch (moving 2-point discrimination (2PD); Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament, motor (Medical Research Council (MRC) scale), combined motor and sensory (Dellon modification of the Moberg pick up test; Moberg Recognition test), and pain (visual analogue scale; pinprick-test). The mean (SD) age of our 28 patients was 28 (12) years. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 5 years, 2 months (2 years, 8 months). On the operated side three patients (11%) had a moving 2PD of less than 4 mm. The results of the moving 2PD were compared with those of the SW monofilaments, but with a poor correlation. The MRC score correlated well with opposition movement of the thumb and muscle wasting (p<0.01). We recommend a number of tests to evaluate (the chronological return of) peripheral nerve function.     

三种精索静脉高位结扎术治疗儿童精索静脉曲张的疗效分析

目的探讨经腹腔、腹膜后、腹股沟三种不同精索静脉结扎手术对儿童精索静脉曲张疗效的影响。 方法回顾性分析2009年至2017年单中心收治的97例行精索静脉高位结扎手术患儿（0～14岁）的临床资料,并对其随访。根据精索静脉结扎的手术方式分为A组（腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术,30例）、B组（腹膜后高选择性精索静脉高位结扎术,38例）、C组（腹股沟高选择性精索静脉高位结扎术,29例）,比较三组患儿手术时间、出血量、术后住院天数、阴囊水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液、复发、睾丸萎缩、阴囊不适改善情况的差别。 结果A组平均手术时间（63±4）min长于B组（36±2）min,（P<0.001）和C组（45±4）min,（P=0.002）。A组术后平均住院时间（2.40±0.18） d高于B组（1.04±0.18）d,（P<0.001）和C组（1.28±0.22）d,（P<0.001）。三组患者术后均未出现睾丸萎缩。A组阴囊水肿发生率高于C组（χ²=6.15,P=0.015）,A组鞘膜积液发生率高于B组（χ²=4.76,P=0.034）和C组（χ²=7.67,P=0.006）。三组复发率、阴囊不适改善率比较差异均无统计学意义。 结论腹股沟精索高选择性静脉结扎术操作简单、创伤小、恢复快、并发症发生率低。腹腔镜下精索静脉结扎术需注意保护淋巴管,以减少阴囊水肿和鞘膜积液的发生。     

压力性尿失禁动物模型的建立

目的 探讨压力性尿失禁(SUI)老鼠模型建立的有效方法,为深入研究SUI的发病机制提供有价值的研究对象.方法 50只Sprague-Dawley大鼠雌雄合笼(合笼比例4∶1),分娩后随机分成两组,即第一组(12只)和第二组(28只).第一组对其常规饲养,不做任何特殊处理.第二组对已育大鼠采用阴道球囊扩张4 h模拟难产,两周后重复一次,常规饲养1个月后切除双侧卵巢.8周后,两部分大鼠均行尿流动力学检查测膀胱最大容量(MBC)和腹部漏尿点压力(ALPP)及喷嚏实验,尿动力学检测完毕后从第二组随机筛选出压力性尿失禁成年已育雌性大鼠模型(12只).结果 对照组和实验组大鼠漏尿点压力值分别为(48.00±1.74)cmH2O和(32.94±1.63)cmH2O,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);最大膀胱容量为(2.02±0.19)ml和(1.29±0.16)ml,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);喷嚏实验见实验组有13只大鼠表现阳性(阳性率52%),对照组全部阴性.结论 阴道球囊扩张联合双侧卵巢切除可以成功建立压力性尿失禁大鼠模型.     

骨折内固定并发症的防治

为探讨常见骨折内固定并发症及对策,对螺丝钉、加压滑动鹅头钉、加压钢板、加压髓内钉、交锁髓内钉等治疗各种骨折391例进行分析。结果:螺丝钉断裂3例(0.77％);加压钢板折断4例(1.02％),折弯1例(0.26％);呼吸窘迫综合征2例(0.51％);脑脂肪栓塞1例(0.26％);感染5例(1.28％);金属反应2例(0.51％);骨不连3例(0.77％);畸形愈合5例(1.28％);螺丝钉松动2例(0.51％)。认为严格掌握手术指征、选择合适内固定材料、遵循清创原则、固定符合生物力学及合理使用抗生素可防止和减少并发症的发生。     

Comparison of assessment tools to score recovery of function after repair of traumatic lesions of the median nerve.

In this paper the recovery after repair of the median nerve has been used to compare different assessment tools for evaluation of peripheral nerve function: touch (moving 2-point discrimination (2PD); Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament, motor (Medical Research Council (MRC) scale), combined motor and sensory (Dellon modification of the Moberg pick up test; Moberg Recognition test), and pain (visual analogue scale; pinprick-test). The mean (SD) age of our 28 patients was 28 (12) years. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 5 years, 2 months (2 years, 8 months). On the operated side three patients (11%) had a moving 2PD of less than 4 mm. The results of the moving 2PD were compared with those of the SW monofilaments, but with a poor correlation. The MRC score correlated well with opposition movement of the thumb and muscle wasting (p<0.01). We recommend a number of tests to evaluate (the chronological return of) peripheral nerve function.     

An evaluation of two concentrations of hyaluronidase for supplementation of peribulbar anaesthesia

We studied the effect of the addition of hyaluronidase to a mixture of lignocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.75% for peribulbar anaesthesia in 60 patients presenting for elective intra-ocular surgery. Using a randomised, double-blind design, patients were allocated to one of three groups: no hyaluronidase (group A) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 50 iu.ml^-1 (group B) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 150 iu.ml^-1 (group C) (n = 20). The speed of onset of the block, the presence of akinesia, analgesia and the need for supplementary injections were assessed. The addition of 150 iu.ml^-1 of hyaluronidase resulted in a mean (SEM) time to akinesia of 9.2 (0.9) min compared to 10.9 (0.9) min in the control group and 10.7 (1.1) min in those receiving the lower dose. Fewer patients in group C required a further injection (20%) than those in groups A (40%) or B (45%). None of the findings were statistically significant. Hyaluronidase was not associated with any complications.     

Comparative evaluation of the methods of treatment of dislocations of the clavicle

An analysis of treatment was made in 93 patients divided into three groups: conservative treatment (11 patients), operations by traditional methods (28 patients), surgery using constructions of titanium nickelide (54 operations). It was found that the conservative treatment of complete acromioclavicular end dislocation was followed by a repeated displacement, development of deforming arthrosis and deformity of the area of injury. Transcapticular fixation of acromioclavicular end dislocation resulted in the development of deforming arthrosis (68%), the incidence of this complication depending on the kind of operation. The greatest inclination of the construction to migration was noted after fixation with wires. After the application of a titanium nickelide construction the most frequent process was resorption of the bone around the construction in the shape of a hook (36%) which resulted in some patients in subluxation (11%) and development of deforming arthrosis (4.5%).     

Rate of progression and severity of neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of cavernous sinus meningiomas

The progression of neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms caused by cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs) was evaluated in 24 patients. Ten patients had primary involvement of the cavernous sinus by meningioma, and 14 patients had extension of a sphenoid ridge meningioma into the cavernous sinus. Eighteen patients were followed after intradural meningioma debulking. Two of these patients underwent conventional radiation therapy after surgery. The other six patients were followed without treatment. Optic neuropathy caused by extension of the CSM was the most frequently (67%) seen manifestation at the beginning of the follow-up period. Proptosis (50%), ocular motor nerve palsies (46%), and trigeminal neuropathy (33%) were also common. During a mean follow-up period of 57 months, 14 patients (58%) had no change in neurologic status, four patients (17%) had improvement in one or more parameters and six patients (25%) worsened. The patients who worsened had progression of preexisting cranial nerve palsies (two patients), developed new cranial neuropathies (three patients), or both (one patient). Patients who worsened had a significantly longer mean follow-up (76 months) than patients who remained stable or improved (47 months) (p = 0.01). Although the signs and symptoms of CSMs may worsen with time, the rate is slow and the degree is mild. These factors are important when considering treatment options.     

等离子前列腺剜除术治疗大体积前列腺增生的疗效分析

目的 探讨经尿道双极等离子前列腺剜除术(PKEP)治疗大体积(＞80mL)良性前列腺增生的临床效果.方法 选取本院泌尿外科2012年5月至2015年1月收治的80例大体积良性前列腺增生患者进行回顾性分析,根据患者手术方式分为PKEP组37例,经尿道前列腺双极电切术组(TUPKP)43例,对两组患者的围手术期指标、术后随访结果进行比较分析.结果 PKEP组的膀胱冲洗时间(20.5±6.7) min、手术出血量(120.5±44.9) mL、尿管留置时间(4.4±1.9)d、术后住院时间(5.2±1.8)d均显著的低于TUPKP组,前列腺切除质量(63.2±21.5)g显著高于TUPKP组(P＜0.05),手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后PKEP组的Qmax(22.4±4.7) mL/s显著高于TUPKP组(19.5±4.0)mL/s(P＜0.05).术前、后两组患者的PSA值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后两组患者的PSA值较术前均显著降低(P＜0.05).PKEP组的术后并发症率(62.16％)显著的低于TUPKP组(86.05％),且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKEP治疗大体积良性前列腺增生与TUPKP均具有较好的临床效果,其具有术中出血量少、术后恢复快、术后并发症率更低的特点.     

The influence of esmolol on the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia

Cardiac output may be an important determinant of the induction dose of intravenous anaesthetic. Esmolol is known to reduce cardiac output, and we examined its effect on the propofol dose required for induction of anaesthesia. The size of the effect seen with esmolol was compared with midazolam co-induction. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to placebo (saline), esmolol (1mg x kg(-1) bolus, followed by an infusion at 250 microg x kg(-1)min(-1)) or midazolam (0.04 mg x kg(-1)) groups. Induction of anaesthesia commenced 3 min following the administration of the study drug, using a Diprifusor set to achieve plasma propofol concentrations of 10 microg x ml(-1) at 5 min. The primary end point used was the propofol dose per kg at loss of response to command. The mean (SD) propofol dose for each group was 2.38 (0.48) mg x kg(-1) for placebo, 1.79 (0.36) mg x kg(-1) for esmolol and 1.34 (0.35) mg x kg(-1) for midazolam (all means significantly different; p < 0.0005). We found that predosing with esmolol reduces the propofol requirements for induction of anaesthesia by 25%.     

Prevalence and risk factors of tricuspid regurgitation after correction of tetralogy of Fallot

Tricuspid regurgitation was evaluated in 133 patients with tetralogy of Fallot after corrective operations for a real-time Doppler flow imaging system. Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation was found in 15% (10/66) of patients in whom the ventricular septal defect was closed through the right atrium and tricuspid valve, 13% (2/15) through the pulmonary artery, and 25% (13/52) through the right ventricle. These differences were not significant. Right ventricular systolic pressure was significantly higher (66 +/- 27 mm Hg) in patients with moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (group A) than in patients with mild or no tricuspid regurgitation (group B) (41 +/- 13 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly higher in group A (7.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) than in group B (6.1 +/- 2.9 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). Significant pulmonary regurgitation (angiographic grades 3/4 to 4/4) was more frequent in group A (8/18; 44%) than in group B (14/64; 22%) (p less than 0.05). Residual ventricular septal defect (pulmonary/systemic flow ratio greater than 1.3) was also more frequent in group A (5/18; 28%) than in group B (0/64; 0%) (p less than 0.01). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly higher in group A (202% +/- 79% of the normal right ventricle) than in group B (158% +/- 38% of normal) (p less than 0.01). Thus significant tricuspid regurgitation was associated with high right ventricular systolic pressure, high right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and significant pulmonary regurgitation and residual ventricular septal defect, which increased the right ventricular end-diastolic volume. Operative procedure for closing the ventricular septal defect was not related to the development of significant tricuspid regurgitation.     

Health-related quality of life of family caregivers of dialysis patients

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and burden on family caregivers of chronic dialysis patients and to analyze which factors were associated with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentric study was carried out with 221 patient/caregiver pairs. General population Short Form 36 (SF-36) norms were used to estimate gender and age standardized physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSS), the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. RESULTS: The PCS and MCS of caregivers were slightly worse than that of the Spanish population. Multiple regression analysis showed that: (1) lower PCS was associated with younger age and higher ZBI of the caregiver (R2=0.15); (2) lower MCS was associated with higher ZBI and lower FSS of the caregiver, and lower MCS of the patient (R2=0.29); (3) higher ZBI was associated with lower FSS, PCS and MCS of the caregiver, and to older age and lower PCS and MCS of the patient (R2=0.49). Of caregivers 28.3% had a MCS < or = 42; logistic regression analysis showed that a MCS < or = 42 was associated to higher ZBI and lower FSS scores (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The HRQOL of dialysis patient family caregivers is slightly worse than that of the Spanish population of the same age and gender. Younger family members, who are the primary carers of older dialysis patients with poor HRQOL, experienced a higher burden, had a worse HRQOL and had a higher risk of clinical depression; this was worse if low social support was perceived.     

肾移植排斥反应时血糖皮质激素监测的意义

目的了解肾移植受者发生超急性、加速性、急性排斥反应时体内内源性及外源性糖皮质激素（GC）的变化情况及意义。方法采用高效液相色谱法对33例发生排斥反应者及39例无排斥者血内源性及外源性糖皮质激素进行动态监测。以氢化可的松（HC）为内源性糖皮质激素代表,以糖皮质激素残余率(RR)标化HC变化。结果无排斥组的HC为（0.034±0.022）μmol/L,RR为0.062±0.041;2例超急性排斥者的HC为0.493μmol/L,RR＞1.0;1例加速性排斥者的HC为0.200μmol/L,RR为0.53;30例急性排斥者的HC为（0.205±0.158）μmol/L,RR为0.458±0.384。各类型排斥之HC、RR与无排斥组比较,差异均有显著性（P＜0.05）。急性排斥者在糖皮质激素冲击治疗时其HC、RR下降大致平行,但耐糖皮质激素性排斥者的下降速度较糖皮质激素敏感性排斥者缓慢。发生急性排斥者,其血中外源性糖皮质激素的浓度与无排斥者比较,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论内源性糖皮质激素的变化可作为排斥反应的诊断指标及判断排斥反应对糖皮质激素冲击治疗是否敏感。     

Peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of initial forms of rectal cancer

Of 3185 patients, the stage I rectal cancer was diagnosed in 220 (6.9%), stage II--in 156 (4.9%), stage III--in 1948 (61.2%), stage IV--in 861 (27.0%). The causes of late diagnosis were the following: asymptomatic course of the disease (74.2%), delayed taking the medical advice, incomplete (without rectal inspection) examination of the patients. The sphincter-preserving operations were performed in 86.3% of the patients. The 5-year survival of patients in stage I was (97.6 +/- 2.5)%, in stage II--(75.7 +/- 4.1)%.