CRS对比CRS+IP与CRS+HIPEC治疗上皮性卵巢癌辅助化疗时间及预后的前瞻性观察研究

  目的  完全肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）及术后辅助化疗,是晚期原发性上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）的重要预后因素。然而,EOC患者接受辅助化疗开始时机及其与预后的关系尚不明确,值得深入探讨。  方法  本研究选取2010年1月至2017年12月在印度班加罗尔马尼帕尔综合癌症中心接受完全细胞减灭术的185例晚期原发性EOC患者,其中部分患者接受腹腔化疗或辅助化疗,部分患者未接受腹腔化疗和辅助化疗。分别记录并分析术后开始进行辅助化疗的时间及其对预后的影响。  结果  接受单纯CRS、CRS联合经腹腔港的腹腔内化疗（intraperitoneal chemotherapy,IP）或腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）的患者分别为50例、60例和75例。CRS组术后开始接受辅助化疗的平均时间为32天,CRS+IP组为34天,CRS+HIPEC组为41天。CRS组中,术后化疗间隔时间>42天对无复发生存（relapse-free survival,RFS）期有显著影响（36个月 vs. 17个月:P=0.02）;在CRS+IP组中,患者RFS差异无统计学意义（35个月vs. 28个月;P=0.78）;CRS+HIPEC组,RFS差异无统计学意义（35个月 vs. 32个月;P=0.17）。如期行辅助化疗患者生存期较延迟化疗更好（88个月 vs. 71个月,P=0.49）。  结论  化疗时间延迟是单纯接受完全CRS患者RFS的不良预后因素。与非HIPEC组相比,化疗时间延迟对HIPEC组患者并未产生显著影响,其原因可能在于术中单次HIPEC弥补了化疗时间延迟带来的不利影响。      

术前辅助放化疗加根治性子宫切除术治疗ⅠB2~ⅡA期宫颈癌50例临床分析

  目的   分析术前辅助放化疗后行根治性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴切除术治疗FIGOⅠB2~ⅡA期宫颈癌患者, 探讨宫颈癌的个体化治疗。  方法   回顾2006年6月至2010年6月期间在天津市中心妇产科医院治疗的所有术前辅助放化疗后行根治性子宫切除术的宫颈癌FIGOⅠB2~ⅡA期患者资料。  结果   共50例FIGOⅠB2~ⅡA期患者术前行新辅助化疗以及阴道盒消瘤治疗后行根治性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴切除术。50例患者手术顺利, 手术时间平均195 min(110~285 min), 平均失血量583 mL(200~1 400 mL)。28%(14/50)患者出血量超过800 mL, 需要输血治疗。术后尿储留4例, 血栓性静脉炎2例, 3例术后复发率6%。12例患者盆腔淋巴结转移, 其中2例患者同时有宫旁转移, 1例患者阴道残端有肿瘤细胞。23例患者具有2种以上高危因素(包括宫颈间质深层浸润、淋巴血管内瘤栓、肿瘤大小≥4 cm)。共26例患者需要术后辅助治疗。远期并发症3~4度骨髓抑制为4%(2/50), 放射性直肠炎和放射性膀胱炎2%(1/50)和输尿管肾盂积水2%(1/50), 淋巴水肿6%(3/50), 阴道狭窄发生率4%(2/50)。中位随访时间43个月, 3年生存率90%, 3年无瘤生存率90%。  结论   术前辅助放化疗加根治性子宫切除的治疗宫颈癌ⅠB2~ⅡA期患者安全有效, 能够获得理想的生存率, 并发症发生率较低。      

完全肿瘤细胞减灭术加全盆腔切除加腹腔热灌注化疗在腹膜癌合并盆腔肿瘤中的应用

  目的  肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）+全盆腔切除术（total pelvic exenteraction,TPE）+腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）整合治疗策略,是目前唯一可能治愈腹膜癌合并晚期盆腔肿瘤的疗法。本研究探讨CRS+TPE+HIPEC适应证、手术方式和技巧,尤其是避免功能性造瘘的重建方法。  方法  数据来源于本中心前瞻性数据库,选取2006年9月至2021年1月,共1 172例腹膜癌患者,累计接受CRS+HIPEC治疗1 314例次,其中14例接受TPE且无造瘘功能重建,纳入研究对象。  结果  14例患者均通过腹膜切除术实现了腹部肿瘤细胞减灭程度（completeness of cytoreduction,CC）评分0（CC 0）切除,通过TPE实现了盆腔R0切除,且无任何形式造瘘。无消化道吻合口病发症,术后尿漏5例,其中3例无需有创修补,1例行肾造瘘术,1例二次手术修补。无术后90天内死亡。  结论  CRS+HIPEC手术中,TPE非绝对禁忌。在高度专业化的腹膜癌中心,肿瘤病理学家和专业手术团队联合,可提高CRS+TPE+HIPEC整合治疗策略的安全性和有效性,促进术后恢复,提高患者生活质量。CRS+TPE+HIPEC整合治疗策略的应用仍有待进一步深入研究。      

卵巢上皮性癌组织中长链非编码RNA PURPL的表达及其意义

  目的  检测长链非编码RNA PURPL（p53 upregulated regulator of p53 levels）在卵巢上皮性癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）组织中的表达情况,探讨其在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用。  方法  选用开放医学数据库lncRNASNP2、GEPIA和Kaplan-Meier Plotter检索PURPL在EOC组织中的表达及其与预后的关系。收集2012年10月至2015年10月郑州大学第一附属医院105例患者的临床病理资料,其中包括正常卵巢组织20例、良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织20例、EOC组织65例,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测上述不同卵巢组织中的PURPL表达情况,分析EOC组织中PURPL表达与EOC临床病理指标的关系,Kaplan-Meier法分析PURPL表达对EOC患者生存的影响。  结果  数据库检索显示,EOC组织中PURPL的表达显著高于正常卵巢组织,PURPL表达升高与EOC患者的总生存（overall survival,OS）率和无复发生存期（recurrence-free survival,RFS）缩短相关。实时荧光定量PCR检测显示,晚期EOC组织中的PURPL表达为0.530±0.004,显著高于正常卵巢组织的0.029±0.001、良性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织的0.135±0.001和早期EOC组织的0.488±0.006的表达（P<0.0001）。临床分期越晚（χ2=10.785,P=0.001）、有淋巴结转移（χ2=4.481,P=0.034）的EOC组织中的PURPL高表达。PURPL表达水平相对较高的EOC患者的OS和RFS,明显短于PURPL表达水平相对较低的患者（P<0.05）。  结论  PURPL高表达提示EOC患者预后不良,可作为EOC预后监测的潜在标记物。      

倾向性评分匹配评估肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效

  目的  探讨传统减瘤术与肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）联合术中腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitone-al chemotherapy,HIPEC）治疗上皮性卵巢癌腹膜转移（peritoneal carcinomatosis of epithelial ovarian cancer,EOCPC）的疗效。  方法  收集2004年5月至2019年5月186例于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院行手术切除的卵巢癌患者的临床病理资料,采用倾向性评分匹配（propensity score matching,PSM）2:1匹配后,纳入133例EOCPC患者,分为行传统减瘤术80例为对照组、行CRS+HIPEC53例为研究组,并行亚组分析。比较两组中位生存期（median overall survival,mOS）。  结果  研究组患者mOS显著长于对照组（87.3个月vs.25.2个月,P=0.002）,5年生存率为对照组2.5倍（46.5% vs.18.3%,P=0.003）,3、4年生存率均为对照组1.9倍（70.0% vs.36.7%,P=0.016）。亚组分析显示,达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭研究组mOS较对照组显著延长（118.1个月vs.70.7个月,P=0.024）;未达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭研究组mOS显著长于对照组（87.3个月vs.23.1个月,P=0.028）。  结论  标准化、规范化CRS+HIPEC为治疗EOCPC的必要措施,可为患者带来显著的生存获益。      

卵巢恶性风险计算法预测盆腔包块患者卵巢癌风险

  目的   探讨血清人附睾蛋白4（Human epididymis protein 4 HE4）和癌抗原125（CA125）联合检测（卵巢恶性风险计算法ROMA）预测盆腔包块患者上皮性卵巢癌（EOC）风险。   方法   采用电化学发光法检测因盆腔包块或卵巢囊肿住院拟行手术的患者血清HE4和CA125水平,根据是否绝经,采用ROMA方法计算卵巢癌预测概率（PP）,绘制受试者工作曲线（ROC）,分别确定绝经前后临界值,并将患者划分至高危组和低危组,评估预测模型的应用价值。   结果   评估了1 683例患者,其中1 448例盆腔良性疾病,235例盆腔恶性肿瘤,包括106例EOC。在经病理确诊为良性盆腔包块患者中有1 356例被划分至低危组,特异性93.6%;盆腔恶性肿瘤中121例划分至高危组,敏感度80.7%;卵巢交界性上皮瘤20例划分至高危组,敏感度28.2%;EOC中93例划分至高危组,敏感度87.7%,未划分至高危组包括黏液性腺癌2例,透明细胞癌11例。卵巢非上皮性恶性肿瘤患者中5例划分至高危组,敏感度38.5%;非卵巢恶性肿瘤患者中35例划分至高危组,敏感度85.3%;转移性卵巢癌患者中1例划分至高危组,敏感度25.0%。   结论   ROMA较成功地将盆腔恶性肿瘤患者划分至高危组,其中EOC患者大部分被正确地划分至高危组,ROMA在诊断恶性肿瘤尤其是EOC方面具有较高的应用价值。      

甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗二线化疗失败上皮性卵巢癌的疗效分析

  目的  探讨甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗二线化疗失败上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer，EOC）患者的疗效与安全性。  方法  收集2017年9月至2018年11月46例天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的二线化疗失败的复发性EOC患者的临床资料，分析甲磺酸阿帕替尼的疗效及治疗相关的不良事件，并评估其安全性。  结果  46例患者的中位随访时间为12个月，中位总生存（overall survival，OS）时间为6（2~15）个月。客观缓解率（objective response rate，ORR）为26.1%（12/46），疾病控制率（disease control rate，DCR）为86.9%（40/46）。46例患者中30例（65.2%）出现不良反应，主要为1~2级，最常见的治疗相关不良反应为高血压占39.1%（18/ 46），手足皮肤综合征占30.4%（14/46），仅1例患者出现3级治疗相关性高血压，所有患者的1、2级不良事件均能迅速缓解，且甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗后患者耐受性良好。  结论  甲磺酸阿帕替尼对于二线化疗失败的EOC患者可能是一种安全且有效的治疗选择，但仍需开展大规模的临床试验进一步研究。      

代谢综合征与上皮卵巢癌发病风险及临床病理特征的相关性研究

  目的  研究代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MetS）与上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）发病风险及病理特征的相关性。  方法  回顾性分析2015年3月至2019年12月于天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的1 138例EOC患者的病例资料并作为EOC组,同时选取1 136例健康体检者作为对照组,分析MetS相关的血压、血糖、血脂等与EOC发病风险及临床病理特征相关性。  结果  相比对照组,EOC组患者的甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density liptein cholesterol,HDL-C）异常率较高,MetS、高血压、糖尿病阳性率较高（P < 0.01）。Logstic回归分析发现年龄调整的MetS（OR=4.884,95% CI:3.704~6.440）及TG、HDL-C、高血压、糖尿病均与EOC发病风险相关;MetS与国际妇产科联合会（FIGO）分期（OR=1.724,95% CI:1.215~2.447）、肿瘤分化等级（OR=2.725,95% CI:0.990~3.732）及淋巴结转移（OR=2.084,95% CI:1.444~3.006）相关。  结论  MetS可增加EOC发病风险,MetS预示EOC患者的FIGO分期为晚期、肿瘤分化等级较低和淋巴结转移。      

细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性腹膜间皮瘤20例分析

  目的  探讨肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery,CRS）联合腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC）治疗恶性腹膜间皮瘤（malignant peritoneal mesothelioma,MPM）的围手术期安全性及其疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年6月于航天中心医院接受治疗的20例MPM患者的临床病理资料,评价CRS+HIPEC治疗模式安全性,通过单因素及多因素统计分析研究影响患者生存的预后因素。  结果  20例患者中男性8例,女性12例,男女比例为:1:1.5。病理结果均为MPM,病理分型为上皮型。接受CRS+HIPEC治疗后总体1、2、3年生存率分别为73.9%、58.2%和43.6%,其中肿瘤细胞减灭程度（completeness of cytoreduction,CC）达到0/1的患者3年生存率为75%。单因素分析结果显示,性别（P=0.295）,CA125异常（P=0.256）,既往手术（P=0.460）以及静脉化疗（P=0.283）未见对总生存有显著影响。而年龄 > 60岁（P=0.037）,CC-2/3（P=0.027）,腹膜癌指数（peritoneal cancer index,PCI）≥20分（P=0.014）为预后不良的危险因素。  结论  MPM是一种罕见疾病,早期诊断困难,传统治疗预后差,静脉化疗无法有效改善预后。尽早行CRS+HIPEC综合治疗安全可靠,可以明显延长患者生存。      

肿瘤细胞减灭加腹腔热灌注化疗术后静脉血栓栓塞症的预防

  目的  评估行肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery，CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy，HIPEC）治疗的腹膜癌患者静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism，VTE）发生风险，研究术后早期主/被动活动联合间歇充气加压按摩对VTE的预防效果。  方法  对2015年5月至2016年8月武汉大学中南医院肿瘤科收治的120例胃肠道及妇科肿瘤等来源的腹膜癌患者行CRS+HIPEC治疗，使用Caprini血栓风险评估模型评价VTE风险，所有患者采取早期肢体主/被动活动及间歇充气加压按摩治疗，记录分析VTE相关事件。  结果  患者中位Carprini评分为12（10~16）分，均为VTE极高危组，在3个月的随访中仅1例患者发生深静脉血栓，经药物治疗后痊愈。  结论  腹膜癌患者VTE风险极高，术后早期足背曲/跖曲及扩胸等主/被动运动联合间歇充气加压按摩，可有效预防VTE。      

Anatomic sites of disease in colorectal cancer patients recorded at the time of cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal metastases

BackgroundPeritoneal metastases is the second most common colorectal cancer dissemination. The anatomic sites at which colorectal peritoneal metastases are located within the abdomen and pelvis has not been previously determined.MethodsA prospective database has been maintained on patients treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus perioperative chemotherapy. The patients in this current study all had peritoneal metastases histologically confirmed, and a complete cytoreduction. The patterns of dissemination of the peritoneal metastases recorded after a prior left colon resection or right colon resection at the time of the CRS were analyzed. The major goal was to identify the location of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases at abdominopelvic anatomic sites.ResultsIn these 77 patients, by the abdominopelvic regions, the highest incidence of histologically documented cancer was the pelvis (85.7%), central region (75.3%), right upper quadrant (50.6%) and right lower (53.2%). Specific anatomic sites free of disease at the time of primary resection at which cancer was documented at the time of CRS was the abdominal incision or laparoscopy port sites at 57.1% and the anatomic site for the primary cancer resection at 76.6%. Right colon cancer had a statistically significant increase in the right flank region 8 (p = 0.0350) and borderline significant increase of left colon cancer in the left lower region 5 (p = 0.0699).ConclusionsWhen data is pooled from many patients, physiology of the peritoneal spaces and tumor cell entrapment contribute to the distribution of disease within the abdomen and pelvis.     

Whole abdomen radiotherapy for patients with peritoneal dissemination of endometrial adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: No standard, universally accepted therapy exists for patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with peritoneal dissemination. We report mature outcomes of selected patients with this uncommon pattern of spread treated with whole abdomen radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients with a diagnosis of endometrial cancer referred to the Radiologic Associates of Sacramento Medical Group between January 1, 1988 and October 1, 1999. Eleven patients were identified who had surgically proven peritoneal dissemination (peritoneal seeding) treated with whole abdomen RT as the sole cytotoxic therapy after operative cytoreduction. Ten patients had International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1988) Stage IV disease at diagnosis, and one had peritoneal dissemination at the time of initial recurrence after hysterectomy for Stage I disease. RT was administered to the whole abdomen using 10-MV photons in fractions of 1.0 or 1.5 Gy. A cumulative dose of 30 Gy was given in all patients, with shielding used to reduce the dose to the liver and kidneys. Partial abdominal volumes (pelvis plus paraaortic nodes) received supplementary dose at 1.5-1.8 Gy/fraction to bring the cumulative dose within the limited volumes to 46.2-54 Gy. RESULTS: Four patients developed progressive cancer within 13 months of completion of whole abdomen RT. One additional patient died of hepatic venoocclusive disease (radiation hepatitis) 15 months after RT without evidence of cancer recurrence. Five patients were alive and clinically cancer free 55, 129, 131, 134, and 178 months after RT completion. One patient died of unrelated causes 79 months after treatment completion. CONCLUSION: Abdominal RT, in doses compatible with the acute and late tolerance of normal tissues, can eradicate small deposits of disseminated, intraperitoneal endometrial cancer. Currently, our patient selection criteria include limited peritoneal dissemination at diagnosis permitting complete surgical clearance (<1 mm residual) of visible and palpable disease, Grade 1 or 2 histologic features, lack of demonstrable extraabdominal metastasis, and absence of major medical contraindications.     

Secondary cytoreductive surgery for localized, recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of prognostic factors and survival outcome

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in the outcome of patients who had recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma that was limited to or=12 months between initial diagnosis and recurrence, and or=18 months (median survival, 49 months vs 3 months; P < .01), the number of radiographic recurrence sites (median survival, 50 months for patients with 1 or 2 sites vs 12 months for patients with 3 to 5 sites; P < .03), and residual disease (median survival, 50 months for patients with no macroscopic residual disease vs 7.2 months for patients with macroscopic residual disease; P < .01). Age, tumor grade, histology, CA-125 level, ascites, and tumor size were not associated significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS.: The current data supported the definition of localized recurrent ovarian cancer as patients with 1 or 2 radiographic recurrence sites. In this select population, a diagnosis-to-recurrence interval >or=18 months and complete secondary surgical cytoreduction, which was achievable in the majority of patients, were associated with a median postrecurrence survival of approximately 50 months.     

Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer recurrence in patients with rising serum CA-125 levels within the normal range.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) recurrence in patients with rising serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels that remain below the upper limit of normal (< 35 U/mL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients treated for EOC between September 1997 and March 2003 were identified and screened retrospectively for the following: (1) elevated serum CA-125 at time of diagnosis, (2) complete clinical and radiographic response (CR) to initial treatment with normalization of serum CA-125, (3) at least three serial serum CA-125 determinations that remained within the normal range, and (4) clinical and/or radiographic determination of disease status at the time of last follow-up or recurrence. For statistical analyses, univariate regression models were used to compare absolute and relative changes in CA-125 levels among patients with recurrent disease and those without EOC recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients satisfied study inclusion criteria; 22 patients manifested EOC recurrence at a median interval from complete response of 11 months. The median follow-up time from complete response to last contact was 32 months for the 17 patients in the no recurrence group. A relative increase in CA-125 of 100% (odds ratio [OR] = 23.7; 95% CI, 2.9 to 192.5; P = .003) was significantly predictive of recurrence. From baseline CA-125 nadir levels, an absolute increase in CA-125 of 5 U/mL (OR = 8.4; 95% CI, 2.2 to 32.6; P = .002) and 10 U/mL (OR = 71.2; 95% CI, 4.8 to > 999.9; P = .002) were also significantly associated with the likelihood of concurrent disease recurrence. CONCLUSION: Among patients with EOC in complete clinical remission, a progressive low-level increase in serum CA-125 levels is strongly predictive of disease recurrence.     

Response to treatment and prognostic significance of supradiaphragmatic disease in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer

ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate the response to chemotherapy of supradiaphragmatic disease diagnosed by preoperative imaging. As secondary objectives, oncologic outcomes of patients affected by supradiaphragmatic disease and their pattern of recurrence were also evaluated.MethodsData of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed FIGO stage IV (for supradiaphragmatic disease) epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing either primary debulking surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus interval debulking surgery between 2004 and 2021, were retrospectively collected. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by chest/abdominal CT scan or ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT preoperatively and at follow-up to evaluate response to chemotherapy. At follow-up visits, site of recurrence diagnosed by imaging techniques was systematically recorded as it occurred. Progression-free and overall survival were measured by using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models.ResultsA total of 130 patients was included in this study with a median (range) follow-up of 32.9 (12.8–176.7) months. Complete or partial response was achieved in most of the patients after 3 cycles (77.7%) and 6 cycles (85.4%) of chemotherapy. At follow-up, recurrence occurred in 96 (73.8%) patients and the main site of recurrence was abdomen only in 64 (66.7%) patients. At multivariate analysis, residual disease after surgery was the only variable influencing survival outcomes.ConclusionsSupradiaphragmatic disease respond to chemotherapy in most patients affected by advanced EOC and recurrence mainly occurs in the abdomen. Results from this study confirms that abdominal optimal cytoreduction is the main surgical goal in the treatment of women affected by FIGO stage IV EOC.     

Surgical management of epithelial ovarian cancer at community hospitals: A population-based study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Accurate surgical staging and maximal tumor reduction are the basic management principles of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The purpose of our study is to report on staging practices and the primary surgery of EOC in a region that has no tertiary oncological referral center and no surgical gynecological oncologist. METHODS: Between 1 January 1989 and 30 December 1995, the Valais Cancer Registry had registered 157 patients with ovarian cancer stage I-IV. Hospital case notes were reviewed retrospectively and patients who did not have a surgical abdominal exploration (n = 20), with borderline (n = 12) or non-epithelial tumors (n = 13), operated upon in other regions (n = 8) and without complete medical records (n = 2) were excluded. Therefore 102 patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The interventions have been performed in 7 regional hospitals and 1 private clinic by 24 obstetricians-gynecologists and 8 general surgeons. In early EOC, 9% random peritoneal biopsies and 3% retroperitoneal lymph node samplings have been performed. In advanced EOC, 40% of patients had total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy and 42% had cytoreductive surgery with a residual tumor of 相似文献   

上尿路肿瘤术后再发膀胱癌的危险因素分析

目的：探讨上尿路肿瘤术后再发膀胱癌的因素。方法：采用回顾性研究对上尿路肿瘤76例进行总结。结果：术后膀胱癌再发率36％（27／76），70％（19／27）发生于术后2年。多器官性肿瘤者的再发率69％（11／16）高于单发肿瘤者的27％（16／60）。输尿管下段肿瘤者的再发率50％（8／16）高于肾盂输尿管上段者的18％（8／44）。Ⅱ-Ⅲ级、T3者再发率高。未切除患侧输尿管口周围膀胱壁的再发率49％（21／43），高于肾输尿管膀胱部分切除术的18％（6／33）。结论：上尿路肿瘤的部位、多器官性、病理分级、分期是术后膀胱癌再发的危险因素，切除输尿管口周围膀胱壁是防止再发的关键。     

Patterns of recurrence in patients treated with photodynamic therapy for intraperitoneal carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of recurrence in patients treated with Photofrin-mediated intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy (IP PDT). Sixty-six patients with gastrointestinal cancers, ovarian cancers, and sarcomas have been enrolled to date and 51 patients underwent IP PDT. Photofrin, 2.5 mg/kg, was administered intravenously 48 h prior to surgical debulking and intraoperative light treatment. Forty-five, and 49 patients were evaluable for response rates, and patterns of recurrence, respectively. Response to treatment was evaluated by CT or MRI scans of the abdomen and pelvis every 3 months. Patterns of recurrence were determined by evaluating the abdomen as a combination of different treatment regions. Of the 51 patients enrolled and treated with IP PDT two are alive without evidence of recurrence. Eleven of 45 patients showed no evidence of recurrence 3 months after treatment. No evidence of recurrence was noted in 7/17 sarcoma patients, 2 of 13 ovarian cancer patients, and 2 of 15 gastrointestinal cancer patients. The most common site of recurrence as determined by radiographs was the pelvis, which was noted in 19 of 49 (39%) patients. The presence of gross residual disease before light treatment (as determined by the attending surgeon) did not affect the site of recurrence. When studying those patients who had only locoregional recurrence, 9 of 33 evaluated radiographically and 10 of 24 evaluated operatively recurred only in peritoneal areas not previously involved with gross disease. The pelvis was the site with the highest rate of recurrence after IP PDT. A significant minority of patients recurred only in sites not previously involved with gross disease. Patients with gross residual disease before light therapy had similar recurrence rates to those without gross residual disease. Since sites involved with gross residual tumor often received boost doses of light, this could suggest a dose-response relationship for IP PDT.     

Tertiary Cytoreduction for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: a Multicenter Study in Turkey

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of tertiary cytoreductive surgery (TC) for secondary recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), focusing on whether optimal cytoreduction has an impact on disease-free survival, and whether certain patient characteristics could identify ideal candidates for TC. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of secondary recurrent EOC patients undergoing TC at three Turkish tertiary institutions from May 1997 to July 2014 was performed. All patients had previously received primary cytoreduction followed by intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction for first recurrence. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Survival analysis was caried out using the Kaplan Meier method. Actuarial curves were compared by the two tailed Logrank test with a statistical significance level of 0.05. Results: Median age of the patients was 49.6 years (range, 30-67) and thirty-eight (72%) had stage III–IV disease at initial diagnosis. Twenty six (49%) had optimal and 27 (51%) suboptimal cytoreduction during tertiary debulking surgery . Optimal initial cytoreduction, time to first recurrence, optimal secondary cytoreduction, time interval between secondary cytoreduction and secondary recurrence, size of recurrence, disease status at last follow-up were found to be significant risk factors to predict optimal TC. Optimal cytoreduction in initial and tertiary surgery and serum CA-125 level prior to TC were independent prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Conclusions: Our results and a literature review clearly showed that maximal surgical effort should be made in TC, since patients undergoing optimal TC have a better survival. Thus, patients with secondary recurrent EOC in whom optimal cytoreduction can be achieved should be actively selected.     

Incidence rates of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and hysterectomy from 1980 to 2003 within a large prepaid health plan

Obesity strongly increases the risk of endometrial cancer and is projected to increase current and future endometrial cancer incidence. In order to fully understand endometrial cancer incidence, one should also examine both hysterectomy, which eliminates future risk of endometrial cancer, and endometrial hyperplasia (EH), a precursor that prompts treatment (including hysterectomy). Hysterectomy and EH are more common than endometrial cancer, but data on simultaneous temporal trends of EH, hysterectomy and endometrial cancer are lacking. We used linked pathology, tumor registry, surgery and administrative datasets at the Kaiser Permanente Northwest Health Plan to calculate age-adjusted and age-specific rates, 1980-2003, of EH only (N = 5,990), EH plus hysterectomy (N = 904), hysterectomy without a diagnosis of EH or cancer (N = 14,926) and endometrial cancer (N = 1,208). Joinpoint regression identified inflection points and quantified annual percentage changes (APCs). The EH APCs were -5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -7.4% to -3.2%) for 1980-1990, -12.9% (95% CI = -15.6% to -10.1%) for 1990-1999 and 2.4% (95% CI = -6.6% to 12.2%) for 1999-2003. The EH-plus-hysterectomy APCs were -8.6% (95% CI = -10.6% to -6.5%) for 1980-2000 and 24.5% (95% CI = -16.5% to 85.7%) for 2000-2003. Hysterectomy rates did not significantly change over time. The endometrial cancer APCs were -6.5% (95% CI = -10.3% to -2.6%) for 1980-1988 and 1.4% (95% CI = -0.2% to 3.0%) for 1988-2003. Hysterectomy rates were unchanged, but increased endometrial cancer incidence after 1988 and the reversal, in 1999, of the longstanding decline in EH incidence could reflect the influence of obesity on endometrial neoplasia.