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刘波 《内科急危重症杂志》2015,21(6)
目的:探讨肺栓塞指数(CTI)在肺栓塞(PE)患者中的临床应用价值。方法:入选通过双源CT肺动脉造影确诊的187例PE患者,132例为急性PE,55例为慢性PE;急性PE中,低危组46例,中危组86例,高危组0例。通过CT影像计算CTI,结合PE危险分层绘制两者的受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)并得到最佳诊断阈值,按对应的CTI将急、慢性PE患者分别划分为2组,对比分析2组的临床病例资料。结果:1急性PE中,低危组平均CTI为(37.5±27.4)%,中危组平均CTI为(50.8±23.9)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);慢性PE平均CTI为(23.1±21.9)%。2CTI与危险分层的ROC曲线下面积为0.653(P=0.004),最佳诊断阈值对应的CTI为60%。3急、慢性PE患者CTI在性别、年龄分布上的差异均无统计学意义。4急性PE中,与CTI60%组相比,CTI≥60%组出现呼吸困难及晕厥症状比例更多,心率更快,PaO_2、SaO_2、PaCO_2降低,P(A-a)O_2增高,WBC、NEUT、Hs CRP增高,cTnI、BNP、D-二聚体增高,RA、RV、RV/LV增高(均P0.05)。2组在收缩压、舒张压方面差异无统计学意义。5慢性PE中,与CTI60%组相比,CTI≥60%组出现呼吸困难症状比例更多,PaO_2、SaO_2、PaCO_2降低,P(A-a)O_2增高,HsCRP、D-二聚体增高,RA、RV、RV/LV增高。急性、慢性PE中,CTI≥60%组的肺栓塞严重指数(PESI)评分均高于CTI60%组(P0.05)。结论:CTI与PE危险分层具有显著的相关性,两者ROC曲线的最佳诊断阈值所对应的CTI为60%。以60%为界,CTI可良好区分急、慢性PE患者的病情严重程度及预后,说明CTI在急、慢性PE患者中均具有一定的临床应用价值。 相似文献
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目的探讨急性肺栓塞(APE)患者焦虑抑郁状态情况并对肺栓塞严重程度进行分析,提高对APE的认识水平。方法收集2013年10月至2014年10月间收治于我院经CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)和肺通气/灌注扫描确诊的82例APE住院患者,分成老年组(≥65岁)40例和非老年组(18~64岁)42例。住院当日给予肺栓塞严重指数(PESI)评分,住院一周内给予焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评,测定标准分,并对患者焦虑抑郁状态和PESI之间的关系等进行分析。结果老年组有焦虑抑郁症状的患者9例,占22.5%(9/40),非老年组有焦虑抑郁症状的19例,占45.2%(19/42),两组比较有统计学差异(P=0.03)。APE患者年龄和抑郁程度呈负相关(r=-0.228,P=0.04),患者年龄和PESI呈正相关(r=0.343,P=0.002);患者焦虑、抑郁状态与PESI无相关性(r=-0.034,P=0.76;r=-0.069,P=0.54)。结论 APE患者焦虑抑郁状态发病率高,非老年患者更易合并焦虑抑郁状态,值得临床关注。随着年龄的增长,APE的严重程度增加,但抑郁程度呈下降趋势。焦虑抑郁状态并不影响APE患者的严重程度,但可能是非老年APE患者的危险因素。 相似文献
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超声心动图诊断急性肺动脉栓塞的价值 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
目的 :分析评价床旁超声心动图 (ECHO)在急性肺动脉栓塞 (APE)诊断中的实用价值。方法 :采用经胸ECHO对临床怀疑APE的 5 8例患者在 4~ 6h内行床旁ECHO检查。结果 :超声直接检出主肺动脉及左右肺动脉主干近端血栓者 4例 ,均被外科手术或肺动脉造影证实。本组具有典型右心负荷过重超声征象者 15例 (其中包括具有超声直接征象的 4例 ) ,核素肺灌注 通气扫描提示为双肺多发性大面积栓塞。仅右房、右室轻度增大或肺动脉轻度增宽者 19例 ,ECHO无改变者 2 4例 ,但核素肺灌注 通气扫描均提示为肺段或亚段栓塞。结论 :ECHO能够发现主肺动脉、左右肺动脉干内附壁血栓直接提示肺动脉栓塞 ,或根据右室负荷过重表现间接提示肺栓塞的可能 ,但对肺段或亚段栓塞者超声不能作出或排除诊断。 相似文献
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Sahin Aslan Mehmet Meral Metin Akgun Hamit Acemoglu Elif Yilmazel Ucar Metin Gorguner Arzu Mirici 《Hepatology research》2007,37(3):205-213
Aim: Although liver injury due to cardiac, chronic respiratory and circulatory failure has been reported, this has yet to be studied in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We investigated liver injury in patients with acute PE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 107 acute PE patients over a two‐year period. Patients were categorized as having: (1) severe (PaO2 < 45 mmHg), moderate (45 mmHg ≤ PaO2≤ 60 mmHg) or mild hypoxemia (60 mmHg < PaO2 < 80 mmHg) groups; (2) massive and non‐massive PE; (3) absence or presence of pre‐existing cardiopulmonary disease; and (4) absence or presence of right ventricle dysfunction. Serum levels of liver enzymes were compared between groups. Results: Transaminase levels were higher in severe hypoxemia patients compared mild hypoxemia patients (p=0.045 and p=0.036). Albumin and bilirubin levels were lower and higher, respectively, in patients with severe and moderate hypoxemia compared to mild hypoxemia patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between hepatic markers and PaO2 and %SaO2: r=–0.212, p=0.032 between AST and %SaO2; r=–0.243, p=0.013 and r=–0.241, p=0.014 between ALT and PaO2 and %SaO2; and r=–0.224, p=0.024 and r= –0.283, p=0.004 between direct bilirubin and PaO2 and %SaO2. AST and ALT levels were higher in massive PE than non‐massive PE patients (p=0.0001). Albumin levels were lower in patients with right ventricle dysfunction than in those without (p=0.02). One (0.9%) had a clinical picture of hypoxic hepatitis. Conclusion: Abnormal LFTs showed a mixed pattern in patients with acute PE. 相似文献
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目的探讨急性肺栓塞(Acute Pulmonary Embolism APE)合并右心功能不全(Right Ventricular Dysfunction RVD)时心电图(ECG)的表现及临床应用价值。方法根据超声心动图(TTE)是否存在RVD,将105名APE患者分为:A组合并RVD 47例;B组无RVD 58例。分析比较两组患者的心电图表现及临床预后。结果 (1)心电图表现比较:T波倒置,V1-V3导联、V1及a VR导联ST段抬高,完全性右束支阻滞(complete right branch block CRBBB),SIQIIITIII,A组高于B组;(2)超声心动图指标:三尖瓣返流速度,肺动脉收缩压A组更高;(3)D-二聚体,达到临床终点的人数、中心肺动脉栓塞发生率A组更高。结论 APE合并RVD的患者临床预后差,更容易出现T波倒置,CRBBB,右胸及a VR导联ST段抬高,SIQIIITIII等一系列心电图表现。 相似文献
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目的分析急性肺栓塞(APE)患者肺栓塞严重程度指数(PESI)与血清钠水平的病情评估价值和关系。方法回顾性分析经CT肺动脉造影确诊的APE患者临床资料。结果 22例患者入选,PESI低危组均为低危APE,PESI中、高危组的中、高危APE发生率为66.67%,与PESI低危组比较差异显著;共6(27.27%)例APE患者出现低钠血症,其中2(33.33%)例在诊断一月内死亡,低钠血症组和非低钠血症组中、高危APE发生率比较无显著性差异;APE患者血清钠水平与PESI相关系数为-0.318(P=0.149)。结论PESI而非低钠血症对APE病情严重性具有指导价值,合并低钠血症的APE患者一月内死亡率高。 相似文献
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目的观察血压正常的急性肺栓塞患者右室超声心动指标与肺血管阻塞严重程度相关性及治疗有效性的预测价值。方法回顾我院6年间收治的56例血压正常的急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,分析其超声心动图所测得的右室收缩末期及舒张末期面积与肺灌注扫描灌注缺损数和增强螺旋CT所代表的肺血管阻塞之间的相关性。结果与正常对照相比,肺栓塞患者右室舒张末面积和收缩末面积增大,且与肺灌注缺损数呈正相关(r=0.76,P<0.01;r=0.77,P<0.01),而舒张与收缩末面积的变化率则降低,与肺灌注缺损数呈负相关(r=-0.44,P<0.01)。增强CT显示血管阻塞越广泛,收缩末面积越大(P<0.05),舒张与收缩末面积的变化率越小(P<0.05)。治疗有效时,肺灌注缺损数随右室功能的好转而降低。结论血压稳定的急性肺栓塞患者右室功能的异常程度与肺血管的阻塞程度密切相关,右室功能的检查可用于观察肺灌注情况以及治疗有效情况的相关指标。 相似文献
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目的:分析、评估急性肺栓塞患者的临床症状、心电图及心肌损伤标志物对急性肺栓塞(APE)临床可能性考虑的影响,探讨诊断技术显著提高下APE误诊率依然高居不下的原因。方法:回顾性分析我院自2002年1月至2012年1月心脏内科连续收治的最后出院诊断为APE的病例132例(男性54例,女性78例,年龄26~86岁,平均(62.5±14)岁。结果:与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)相似,APE好发于中老年患者,但女性多于男性。132例患者中大块肺栓塞108例(81.8%),按欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)危险分层,高、中危患者87例(65.9%)。22例患者(包括5例住院期间因肺栓塞死亡病例)在确诊肺栓塞前曾被诊为冠心病,误诊率16.7%。11例患者在确诊前曾被诊为肺部疾病,误诊率8.3%。胸闷或胸痛、心电图示心肌缺血改变(V1-4T波倒置,V1-6ST段压低、V1-4ST段抬高)和心肌损伤标志物升高,3项中至少2项同时存在,提示ACS的患者达70例(53%);呼吸困难、发热、咳嗽3项中至少2项同时存在,提示肺部疾病的患者达42例(31.8%)。曾误诊为ACS组的患者与非误诊组患者比较,其栓塞的解剖分类大小和危险分层高低差异无统计学意义,但曾误诊为肺病组的大块肺栓塞患者比例显著高于非误诊组(P<0.05)。曾误诊为ACS和肺病的两组患者中,临床表现分别提示ACS和肺病的患者比例均显著高于非误诊组(P<0.01),曾误诊为ACS组的患者缺血性心电图改变发生率显著高于非误诊组患者(P<0.01)。结论:急性肺栓塞的临床表现经常酷似ACS和肺病,容易误导医生,而没有考虑APE,并进行确诊检查,是误诊的主要原因。 相似文献
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目的总结肺栓塞患者的危险因素和临床特征。方法分析37例肺栓塞的危险因素、临床特征、诊治经过及预后。结果37例肺栓塞中,手术科室发生15例(40.5%),非手术科室发生22例(59.5%)。13.5%患者有呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联征,13.5%心电图有SⅠQⅢTⅢ表现,21.6%有肺动脉高压,8.1%肺栓塞患者最终死亡。手术科室肺栓塞患者Kaprini评分和SⅠQⅢTⅢ比例显著高于非手术科室,但两组在临床症状、体征和预后上无统计学差异。住院期间病死率为8.1%,1年内病死率13.5%。结论住院患者是肺栓塞的高危人群,病死率高。恰当的风险评分、预防、早期发现和治疗可能是减少其病死率和致死率的有效方法。 相似文献
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目的 探讨简化肺栓塞严重度指数(sPESI)对老年肺栓塞(PTE)患者危险分层的价值。方法 采取回顾性病例对照研究,将233例于2002年4月至2015年5月在北京积水潭医院确诊的PTE患者分为老年组(≥65岁,n=132)和非老年组(<65岁,n=101),对老年和非老年PTE患者的合并症、临床特征、sPESI以及30d病死率进行分析。结果 老年组年龄(76.32±6.77)岁,非老年组年龄(51.93±10.39)岁;30d病死率分别为22.73%和11.88%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.033)。老年组合并心功能不全、心律失常、脑血管病、肾功能不全、高血压病、糖尿病及肺炎者较非老年组高,两组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。14.39%的老年患者和13.86%的非老年患者合并肿瘤,差异无统计学意义(P=0.908),但两组合并肿瘤的构成不同,老年组以肺癌为主,而非老年组以骨肿瘤占多数。老年组动脉血氧分压低于非老年组[(59.39±11.00)vs (66.44±13.77)mmHg,P=0.002],而肺动脉收缩压、脑钠肽及心肌肌钙蛋白I水平均高于非老年组,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.003和P=0.041)。老年组和非老年组sPESI≥1者分别占73.48%和48.51%,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。老年组内死亡者与存活者比较,sPESI≥1的比例分别为90.00%和68.63%,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.020);死亡老年患者的sPESI均值也高于存活老年患者[(2.23±1.52) vs (1.18±1.11),P=0.001]。sPESI评估老年组和非老年组30d预后的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.704(95%CI 0.596~0.812)和0.723(95%CI 0.551~0.896)。结论 sPESI有助于老年PTE患者的危险分层。 相似文献
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Background and aims
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. We aim to study clinical profile, management and outcome of PE at Shahid Gangalal National heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods
It was a retrprospective, single centre study, conducted from January 2015 to December 2016. Haemodynamics was used for risk Simplified, PESI score, predisposing factors, symptoms, clinical features at the time of admission, ECG features, echocardiogram, treatment received and the outcome were reviewed.Results
During the study period 23 cases of PE were admitted. Nine were males and 14 were females. Eleven patients were diagnosed as provoked PE. High risk PE was diagnosed in four patients, Non-high risk in 19 patients. The most common clinical presentation was shortness of breath. The most common finding in ECG is sinus tachycardia followed by ST-T changes in V1-V3. Eight patient had SPO2 less than 90%. Most of the patients had a normal chest radiograph. Echocardiography revealed dilated RA and RV in 20 patients.All high risk PE patients were thrombolyzed with streptokinase. All patients who were diagnosed as Non-high risk PE were treated with LMWH. All the patients were treated with oral anticoagulants. Mean hospital stay was 9.7 ± 4.9 days. Two patients died during hospital stay. S-PESI score was 1.4 ± 0.9 respectively. Mean warfarin dose at the time of discharge was 5.9 ± 1.6 mg.Conclusion
PE is an under diagnosed clinical problem world over. Suspicion is the most important part to come to the diagnosis of PE. 相似文献14.
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Acute right ventricular dysfunction has been established both as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in pulmonary embolism. This report illustrates the utility of thallium-201 scintigraphy as an adjunctive noninvasive test in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by demonstrating increases in regional right ventricular perfusion and its subsequent resolution with treatment presumably as a result of decreased pressure work. 相似文献
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急性肺栓塞的心电图变化 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
目的 探讨心电图在诊断急性肺栓塞中的作用。 方法 回顾性分析近两年收治的 13例急性肺栓塞患者入院时、溶栓后及治疗 2~ 4周后心电图的变化。 结果 (1)入院时心电图变化 :心动过速 8例 ,右束支阻滞 3例 ,V1 导联T波、V1 ~V2 导联T波、V1 ~V3导联T波、V1 ~V4 导联T波、V1 ~V5导联T波、V1 ~V6 导联T波倒置为 10、 6、 4、 3、 2和 1例 ,SⅠ >0 1mV、TⅢ 、QⅢ 、SⅠQⅢTⅢ 分别为 7、 7、 9和 7例 ;(2 )溶栓后心电图变化 :心动过速消失 7例 ,右束支阻滞消失 1例 ,胸前导联T波倒置加深 4例 ,SⅠ 变浅 ,QⅢ 减小或消失 ,TⅢ 倒置变浅或直立 3~ 4例 :(3)治疗 2~ 4周后心电图变化 :心动过速消失 ;胸前导联T波直立数增加 ,ST段回基线 ,QⅢ 进一步减小或消失 ,TⅢ 倒置变浅或直立。 结论 急性肺栓塞心电图变化是多变的 ,需动态观察并密切结合临床加以识别。 相似文献
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急性肺栓塞合并矛盾性栓塞12例临床分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 提高对急性肺栓塞合并矛盾性栓塞的临床特点及疗效的认识,减少误诊和漏诊,为制定正确的诊治策略提供依据.方法 回顾性分析我院1963年至2011年临床诊断或经尸体解剖诊断的急性肺栓塞合并矛盾性栓塞病例.结果 急性肺栓塞合并矛盾性栓塞患者12例,男10例,女2例,平均年龄(73±12)岁.伴休克11例,伴晕厥7例,呼吸骤停1例;肺动脉血栓栓塞部位均位于肺动脉主干、骑跨于主肺动脉分叉处或左、右肺动脉干,伴有双侧、多叶段肺动脉栓塞;均有右室增大,卵圆孔开放5例,右心房、右心室血栓3例,左心房血栓3例,卵圆孔骑跨栓3例.体循环动脉栓塞最多见的是脑动脉栓塞(5例),其他有下肢动脉、肾动脉、肝脾动脉及冠状动脉栓塞.临床诊断5例,溶栓治疗3例,均治愈;血栓清除术1例,治愈;单纯抗凝治疗1例,死亡.7例在发病2~6 h死亡,经尸体解剖诊断.结论 急性肺栓塞合并矛盾性栓塞临床并非罕见,血流动力学不稳定,病死率高,应加强诊断意识.临床诊断后及时给予溶栓治疗,可有效改善血流动力学,提高生存率,有溶栓禁忌证及血流动力学持续不稳定可考虑手术清除血栓. 相似文献
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目的通过探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与简化肺栓塞严重指数(s PESI)的关系来预测急性肺栓塞危险程度。方法将90例急性肺栓塞患者分为s PESI低危组和高危组,比较两组患者在基本资料、血常规、凝血功能、肝肾功能、胸部影像学及心脏彩超等方面的差异。结果 s PESI高危组与低危组比较,在心率、收缩压、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值、中性粒细胞、RDW、累及主肺动脉及右心室增大等方面,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);logistic单因素回归分析发现收缩压、INR、RDW、累及主肺动脉、右心室增大与s PESI分组有关(P0.05);logistic多因素回归分析发现累及主肺动脉是影响s PESI分组的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 RDW在s PESI高危组与低危组差异有显著性,但不是预测s PESI分组的独立危险因素,对急性肺栓塞危险程度的判断有一定价值。 相似文献
20.
Long-term effects of acute pulmonary embolism on echocardiographic Doppler indices and functional capacity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ciurzyński M Kurzyna M Bochowicz A Lichodziejewska B Liszewska-Pfejfer D Pruszczyk P Torbicki A 《Clinical cardiology》2004,27(12):693-697
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Hemodynamic and functional consequences of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) are believed to be reversible with antithrombotic treatment. To verify this hypothesis, we reassessed our patients at least 1 year after an episode of APE. METHODS: We compared echo Doppler indices and 6-min walking test parameters (6-MWT) of 36 patients (13 men, 23 women, age 66 +/- 11 years), studied on average 3.1 +/- 2.2 years after an acute episode of pharmacologically treated massive or submassive APE, with data of 30 age-matched subjects (12 men, 18 women, age 67 +/- 12 years). RESULTS: At least 1 year after APE, right ventricular (RV) diameter remained increased in patients compared with controls (27 +/- 2 vs. 23 +/- 2 mm, p<0.001). Also, acceleration time of pulmonary ejection (AcT) was markedly shorter (97 +/- 19 vs. 123 +/- 19 ms, p<0.001) and the diameter of the pulmonary trunk was significantly larger in patients than in controls (21 +/- 2.6 vs. 18 +/- 2.2, p<0.001). Although the mean value of the tricuspid valve peak systolic gradient (TVPG) in the APE group at follow-up was similar to that in controls, TVPG>30 mmHg was recorded in three patients with APE (8.3%). There was no difference in the distance of 6-MWT between both groups; however, the mean desaturation after 6-MWT was higher in the APE group than in controls (3.04 +/- 2.08 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.69%, p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic treatment of acute pulmonary embolism does not prevent mild persistent changes in morphology and function of the cardiovascular system. Despite normalization of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and similar exercise capacity, survivors of APE present signs suggesting RV dysfunction and/or its disturbed coupling to the pulmonary arterial bed, as well as ventilation to perfusion mismatch at exertion persisting long after the acute embolic episode. 相似文献