Camganoids A and B, two new sesquiterpenes with different carbon skeletons isolated from fruits of Cinnamomum migao

Objective: To isolate and identify the undescribed compounds from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and evaluate its nitric oxide inhibition potential. Methods: The chromatographic techniques of silica gel, sephadex, and HPLC were used for isolation and purification of the compounds, while HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, ECD, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize and confirm the isolated compounds. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was carried out to check inhibitory potential against the production of nitric oxide with RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Results: Camganoid A (1), a novel sesquiterpene possessing an unprecedented skeleton, and camganoid B (2), containing a unique eight-membered sesquiterpene moiety with a new carbon skeleton, were isolated and identified from the fruits of C. migao. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Among these compounds, compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide with IC50 value of 4.59 μmol/L in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Conclusion: The isolation of two new skeletons from the fruits part of C. migao possessed unique skeletons which have not been reported before.     

Chemical constituents from heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan with antiplatelet aggregation activities

Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese) and removing blood stasis(Quyu in Chinese).Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,along with semipreparative HPLC.Their chemical structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using mouse platelet induced by AYPGKF-NH2,a gold agonist of protease-activated receptor 4(PAR4).Results:Two new phenols,methyl 2-(4,4',5'-trihydroxy-2'-(methoxymethyl) biphenyl-2-yloxy) acetate(1)and 1'-methylcaesalpin J(2),together with 24 known compounds(3-26),were isolated from the heartwoods of C.sappan.Among them,sappanchalcone(16) and brazilin(20) showed inhibitory activities against mouse platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 114.8 μmol/L and 100.8 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Antiplatelet compounds from C.sappan targeting at PAR4 are reported for the first time.     

Chemical constituents from acid hydrolyzates of Panax quinquefolius total saponins and their inhibition activity to α-glycosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic components from the acid hydrolyzates of Panax quinquefolius total saponins, and screen the active compounds by in vitro inhibitory activities to α-glycosidase enzymes and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 B(PTP1 B).Methods: The hydrolyzates were chromatographed repeatedly over silica gel column, and the structures of the compounds were determined by means of NMR. The in vitro bioassay was performed through the inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase or/and PTP1 B.Results: Eight compounds were isolated, which identified as 20(S)-panaxadiol(1),(20 S,24 R)-dammarane-20,24-epoxy-3β,6α,12β,25-tetraol(2), 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetraol(3), 20(S)-dammarane-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol(4), 20(R)-dammarane-3β,12β,20,25-tetrahydroxy-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),β-sitosterol(6), oleanolic acid(7) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol(8). Compound 5 was ginseng triterpenoid isolated from the acid hydrolysates of total saponins from P. quinquefolius for the first time. In this paper,the possible in vitro inhibitory activities were investigated. Compound 5 exhibited significantly inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, and the IC50 value [(0.22 ± 0.21) μmol/L] was about 43-fold lower than positive control. For the PTP1 B inhibition assay, compound 5 indicated the strongest inhibitory effect with IC50 of(5.91 ± 0.38) μmol/L, followed by compound 4 with IC50 of(6.21 ± 0.21) μmol/L, which were all showed competitive inhibitory pattern by using a Lineweaver-Burk plot.Conclusion: These results supported the potential application of dammaranes from acid hydrolyzates of P. quinquefolius total saponins can be used as ingredients of ancillary anti-diabetic agent or functional factor.     

A Novel Bihomoflavanonol with an Unprecedented Skeleton from Pteridium aquilinum

Objective To seek the flavonoids with the unique structure and to investigate the chemical ingredients in the flavonoid-rich plant-Pteridium aquilinum. Methods The 80% EthOH extract from the degreased powder of P.aquilinum was partitioned by petroleum ether, CHCl3, EtOAc, n-butanol, and water, respectively. The EtOAc fraction was sequentially subjected to silica gel column, repeated Sephadex LH-20 column, and preparative TLC to give a new compound. The antitumor activity of the novel flavonoid was primarily evaluated by MTT. Results Compound1, a biflavonoid with the unique structure named as pteridium III with an unprecedented bihomoflavanonol skeleton,was isolated from P. aquilinum. Compound 1 showed the in vitro antitumor activity against lung cancer cell NCI-H46,melanoma cell A375, and glioma cell U-7MG corresponding to the IC50values of 22.9, 106.7, and 1540.5 μmol/L,respectively. No inhibition on gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 and prostatic carcinoma PC-3 was observed in the experiment. Conclusion A rare bihomoflavononol derivative, pteridium III, is obtained from the plant, which could enrich our knowedge on the chemical structures of flavonoids and bioactive constituents in P. aquilinum.     

Chemical Constituents from Endophytic Fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina YCTA2Z1 of Cynanchum auriculatum

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungal Plectosphaerella cucumerina YCTA2 Z1.Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20,and reverse-phase C-18 column chromatography as well as crystallization.Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fungal strain YCTA2 Z1.Their chemical structures were elucidated according to the spectral evidence.They were identified as caudatin(1),baishouwubenzophenone(2),cynandione B(3),asterbatanoside A(4),p-hydroxyphenethyl-O-β-D-glycoside(5),caffeic acid(6),ferulic acid(7),2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone(8),protocatechuic acid(9),vanillic acid(10),stearic acid(11),azelaic acid(12),and succinic acid(13).Conclusions: It is the first chemical study on endophytic fungi from Cynanchum auriculatum and all the compounds are obtained from the species,the genus,as well as the family Plectosphaerellaceae for the first time.     

Chemical Constituents in Extracts from Leaves of Lantana trifolia and Their In Vitro Anti-oxidative Activity

Objective To isolate, purify, and analyze the anti-oxidants from the leaves of Lantanatrifolia. Methods The anti-oxidative activities of the crude extracts from liquid-liquid extraction of L. trifolia leaves were assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method to assess their radical scavenging and reducing abilities. The total flavonoidsand phenol contents in the ethyl acetate fraction were determined by colorimetric and Folin–Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Chemical constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and repeatedly purified using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and HPLC, respectively. The chemical structures isolated were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Ethyl acetate partition from liquid-liquid extraction exhibited the highest anti-oxidative activity with an IC50 value of 4.94 μg/mL, close to that of the standard(vitamin C, VC, 4.23 μg/mL). The extract was proved to contain total flavonoids and phenol contents with values of(39.0 ± 1.6) and(29.27 ± 1.46) mg/g, respectively. Six compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether(1), verbascoside(2), apigenin(3), umuhengerin(4), ladanetin(5), and scutellarein-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside(6).Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of L. trifolia possesses the potent anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities which are directly proportional to the concentration of phenolic contents. The anti-oxidative activity of the extract from the leaves of L. trifolia is due to its proton donating ability that converts free radicals to more stable products and terminates chain reactions. Compound 1 is isolated from the plants of Lantana Linn. for the first time. The mechanisms may be related to the therapeutic benefits of the certain traditional claims of wild L. trifolia.     

Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Constituents from Stem Barks of Illicium difengpi

Objective To isolate and identify bioactive constituents from the stem barks of Illicium difengpi.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,recrystallization,and preparative HPLC techniques.The structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data including NMR,MS,and IR.Results Two sesquiterpene lactones,majucin(1)and anisatin(2),two steroids,β-sitosterol(3)and daucosterol(4),three carboxylic acids,2-ethyldecanoic acid(5),shikimic acid(6),and 3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid(7),and a flavonoid,quercetin(8),were successively isolated from the stem barks of I.difengpi.Conclusion Apart from compound 3,other seven compounds are reported in this plant for the first time.The results suggested that the current studies on I.difengpi is still far from being well known and therefore more studies need to be done for better understanding of this plant.     

白芷中七个新的3,4-二氢呋喃香豆素衍生物

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Angelica dahurica, a well-known Chinese herbal medicine named Baizhi in Chinese. Methods: Compounds were separated by various chromatographies, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D, 2D NMR, HRESI MS, IR, and UV). The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by the calculated electronic circular dichroism and chemical derivatization. The inhibitory activities of all isolates against nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Seven new 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarin derivatives (1a/1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b, 4) together with a known furanocoumarin (5) were isolated from the roots of A. dahurica. The new compounds included three pairs of enantiomers, (4S, 2′′R)-angelicadin A (1a)/(4R, 2′′S)-angelicadin A (1b), (4S, 2′′S)-angelicadin A (2a)/(4R, 2′′R)-angelicadin A (2b), and (4S, 2′′S)-secoangelicadin A (3a)/(4R, 2′′R)-secoangelicadin A (3b), together with (4R, 2′′R)-secoangelicadin A methyl ester (4). The known xanthotoxol (5) inhibited the NO production with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of (32.8±0.8) μmol/L, but all the new compounds showed no inhibitory activities at the concentration of 100 μmol/L. Conclusion: This is the first report of the discovery of 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarins from A. dahurica. The results are not only meaningful for the understanding of the chemical constituents of A. dahurica, but also enrich the reservoir of natural products.     

Chemical constituents of Lomatogonium carinthiacum and Halenia corniculata

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from traditional characteristic Lomatogonium carinthiacum and Halenia corniculate. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silicagel column, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and high performance liquid chromategramphy. The structures were identified by NMR and MS analysis technics. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as isovitexin (1), Luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucoside (2), Isosaponarin (3), Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (4,7), 1,4,8-Trimethoxy-xanthone-6-O-β-D-glucoronyl-(1→6)O-β-Dglucoside (5), friginosideD (6), 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (8), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone (9), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(10), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (11) and usnic acid (12). Conclusion: Compounds 6 and 12 are obtained from this medicine for the first time.     

HPLC analysis of 16 compounds from Artemisia ordosica

Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of sixteen compounds from Artemisia ordosica. Methods: HPLC was used to analyze 16 quality indicators of A. ordosica. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution: 0?10 min, 75%?65% B; 10?30 min, 65%?35 % B; and finally 30?40 min, 35%?15% B. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 μL, and monitored by absorbance at 285 nm for compounds 1?10, 12 and 225 nm for compounds 11, 13?16. Results: Under the selected experimental chromatographic conditions, compounds 1?16 showed good linearity (r > 0.9993) in a wide concentration range. Their average recoveries were 99.50%, 95.38%, 97.75%, 96.00%, 98.20%, 97.50%, 95.50%, 99.33%, 96.75%, 96.50%, 98.50%, 97.83%, 99.20%, 95.33%, 97.33% and 96.30%, respectively, and the RSD were 1.99%, 1.81%, 1.63%, 1.98%, 1.67%, 1.92%, 1.74%, 1.67%, 1.90%, 1.72%, 1.88%, 1.83%, 1.79%, 1.76%, 1.81% and 1.96%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, it was concluded that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), O-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), coniferyl alcohol (5), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7,3''-dimethoxyflavanone (8), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (9), 5-hydroxy-7,4''-dimethoxyflavanone (12), dehydrofalcarindiol (13), arteordoyn A (14), dehydrofalcarinol (15) and capillarin (16) are best suited for the role of quality indicators of A. ordosica grown in different ecological environments.     

Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial constituents of Searsia chirindensis L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf extracts

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Searsia chirindensis is used in South African traditional medicine for management of bacterial infections such as diarrhoea. Aim of the study was to examine the phytochemical composition from the leaves of Searsia chirindensis that is responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of this plant.

Materials and methods

The crude extract (80% methanol) was extracted sequentially with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. The extracts and isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains using the microdilution method. Bioguided fractionation of EtOAc fraction afforded five phenolic compounds. Structural elucidation was carried out using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic analyses.

Results

Of the three fractions obtained from the crude extract, EtOAc was the most active and its fractionation afforded methyl gallate (1), and four flavonol glycosides: myricetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside (2), myricetrin-3-O-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (4) and quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside (5). These compounds are reported from Searsia chirindensis for the first time. All the compounds showed good antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 30 to 250 µg/mL.

Conclusions

Antibacterial activity demonstrated by the extracts and isolated compounds provides credence to the ethnomedicinal use of Searsia chirindensis against diarrhoea.     

Saponins from Roots of Panax notoginseng

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the dried roots of Panax notoginseng.Methods The constituents were isolated and purified with chromatographic methods.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods(1D,2D NMR,UV,IR,[α]D,and HRESI-TOF-MS)and chemical analyses.Results Twenty saponins including 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1(1),6-O-β-D-(6′-acetyl)-glucopyranosyl-24-ene-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol(2),ginseno-side Rf(3),notoginsenoside R2(4),ginsenoside Rg2(5),ginsenoside Rg1(6),notoginsenoside Rt(7),koryoginsenoside R1(8),6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-20-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-3β,6α,12β,20(S)-tetrahydroxy-dammar-24-ene(9),pseudoginsenoside Rt3(10),notoginsenoside R1(11),ginsenoside Re(12),notoginsenoside N(13),ginsenoside F1(14),ginsenoside U(15),ginsenoside Rk3(16),3β,12β-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),ginsenoside Rh4(18),pseudoginsenoside Rt5(19),and vinaginsenoside R22(20)were obtained.Conclusion Compounds 2,19,and 20 are isolated from this species for the first time.The 1H-NMR data of compound 19 and1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data of compound 20 are first reported.Meanwhile,the NMR data ofβ-D-xylopyranosyl group in compound 9 is corrected.     

Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena

ObjectiveTo make full usage of resource and turn waste into treasure, the chemical constituents and bioactivity were firstly investigated on Damask rose (Rosa damascena) flower residue (DRFR).MethodsDPPH and ABTS experiments were applied to assess the antioxidant activity of DRFR. Then, column chromatography was used to purify compounds from an antioxidation extract (DRFR-A), and the chemical structure was identified using NMR. The total phenolic acid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and the content of gallic acid of the indicator ingredient was detected by HPLC.ResultsDRFR-A was found to show a high activity both on DPPH (IC₅₀: 2.760 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC₅₀: 2.258 µg/mL) compared to positive control V_C. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), gallic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (4), pyrogallic acid (5), 2-phenylethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (6), methyl gallate (7), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (9) and astragalin (10) from DRFR-A. Among them, pyrogallic acid, 2-phenylethyl-3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol are obtained from the plant for the first time. The content of total phenolic acids and gallic acid, main ingredient in DRFR-A was determined as 63.73% and 24.67%, respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable data and lays the foundation for the development and utilization of rose residue, and hence for the full utilization of rose resources.     

New phenolic constituents obtained from Polygonum multiflorum

Objective: To isolate the phenolic compounds obtained from the dried roots of Polygonum multiflorum and investigate their pharmacological activities. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining them with a macroporous resin (DM-8), MCI gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and by performing ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses, as well as mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated to determine their hepatoprotective and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. Results: Two phenolic compounds, namely, polygonimitin E (1) and polygonimitin F (2), were isolated from the dried roots of P. multiflorum. Compound 2 (10 μmol/L) only showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced HepG2 cell damage. Unfortunately, these two compounds exhibited no α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. Compound 2 could be one of the potential hepatoprotective constituents of P. multiflorum.     

Chemical Constituents with Antihyperlipidemic Activities from Desmodium triquetrum

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Desmodium triquetrum and their antihyperlipidemic activities. Methods The constituents of D. triquetrum were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The lipid-lowering effects of the isolates were evaluated in HepG2 cells. Results Nine compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of D. triquetrum and determined to be 6′-O-cis-p-coumaroyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), tadehaginoside(2), rutin(3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(5), 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-β-glucose(6), 6-O-(E)-p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-α-glucose(7), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside(8), and 3-O-β-D-galacopyranosyl(6-1)-α-L-rhamnosyl quercetin(9). Compounds 1 and 2 significantly reduced the intracellular content of total cholesterols and triglycerides. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new phenolic compound and exhibits potent anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Additionally, compounds 6 and 7 are isolated from D. triquetrum for the first time.     

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate the constituents and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparing their data to those reported in the literatures. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was used to identify potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Results: Nine compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of S. dulcis. Their structures were identified as Scoparic zolone (1), (2S)-2,7-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (2), (2R)-7-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (2R)-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (2S)-7-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (6), 4-acetonyl-3,5-dimethoxy-p-quinol (7), zizyvoside I (8), and 3,4-dihydroxy benzeneacetic acid (9). Compound 2 showed the potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of (132.8 ± 11.5) μmol/L, which is 28-fold higher than the positive control acarbose. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product. Compounds 2 and 9 have not been reported in Scoparia before. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 8 are isolated from Scrophulariaceae for the first time.     

Two new terpenoids from Reduning Injection

Objective: To study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory constituents from the active fraction of Reduning(RDN) Injection.Methods: In this study, the active fraction of RDN Injection was screened by the LPS-induced mouse endotoxin shock model. The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on HP-20 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, ODS columns and reverse phase MPLC and HPLC repeatedly, and their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis(HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD) and chemical methods.Meanwhile, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates by measuring their inhibitory effects on TNF-α production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Results: The 95% ethanol eluate of RDN Injection by the macroporous adsorption resin column was proved to be the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory active fraction of this injection. A novel iridoid, named jasminoide A(1), and a new guaiane sesquiterpenoid, named(1 R,7 R,8 S,10 R)-7,8,11-trihydroxy-4-guaien-3-one(2), were isolated from Reduning injection, and compound 2 can inhibit TNF-α production with IC50 values of 72.24 μmol/L.Conclusion: In this study, two new terpenoids were isolated from Reduning Injection, and compound 2 showed inhibitory activity against LPS-activated TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.     

Chemical constituents from leaves of Jatropha curcas

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Jatropha curcas and evaluate their inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells. Methods: The n-BuOH extract of the leaves of J. curcas was isolated by macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by MS, NMR, ECD, and other spectroscopic methods. In addition, anti-neuroinflammatory effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) in over-activated BV-2 cells. Results: Seventeen compounds, including (7R,8S)-crataegifin A-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (8R,8''R)-arctigenin (2), arctigenin-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-syringaresinol (4), syringaresinol-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (-)-pinoresinol (6), pinoresinol-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), buddlenol D (8), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin (9), (2S,3S)-epicatechin (10), (2R,3S)-catechin (11), isovitexin (12), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), chamaejasmin (14), neochamaejasmin B (15), isoneochamaejasmin A (16), and tomentin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17) were isolated and identified. Compounds 2, 4 and 8 significantly inhibited the release of NO in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS, with IC50 values of 18.34, 29.33 and 26.30 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: Compound 1 is an undescribed compound, and compounds 2, 3, 8, 14–17 are isolated from Jatropha genus for the first time. In addition, lignans exhibited significantly inhibit NO release and the inhibitory activity was decreased after glycosylation.     

Chemical Constituents from Barks of Lannea coromandelica

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the barks of Lannea coromandelica.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel column.NMR spectra were used for structural identification.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin(1),(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol(2),aralia cerebroside(3),5,5′-dibuthoxy-2,2′-bifuran(4),β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6′-O-palmitate(5),β-sitosterol palmitate(6),myricadiol(7),protocatechuic acid(8),p-hydroxybenzoic acidethyl ester(9),isovanillin(10),transcinnamic acid(11),palmitic acid(12),and stearic acid(13).Conclusion Compounds2-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

A New Cucurbitane Triterpene in Acid-treated Ethanol Extract from Momordica charantia

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the acid-hydrolyzed ethanol extract from Momordica charantia.Methods The ethanol extract from M.charantia was hydrolyzed by 36%HCl and the hydrolysate was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC.The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectral analyses,physical constants,and chemical evidences.Results Two cucurbitane triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 5β,19-epoxy-cucurbita-6,22E,24-trien-3β-ol(1)and cucurbita-6,22(E),24-trien-3β-ol-19,5β-olide(2).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.