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1.
Simone Ulrich Picoli Luiz Edmundo Mazzoleni Heriberto Fernández Laura Renata De Bona Erli Neuhauss Larisse Longo Jo?o Carlos Prolla 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(3):197-200
Introduction:
Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria which infects half the world
population and is an important cause of gastric cancer. The eradication therapy is
not always effective because resistance to antimicrobials may occur. The aim of this
study was to determine the susceptibility profile of H. pylori to
amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin in the population of Southern
Brazil.
Material and methods: Fifty four samples of H. pylori
were evaluated. The antibiotics susceptibility was determined according to the
guidelines of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and the Comité de
l''Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie.
Results: Six (11.1%) H. pylori isolates were resistant
to clarithromycin, one (1.9%) to amoxicillin and three (5.5%) to ciprofloxacin. These
indices of resistance are considered satisfactory and show that all of these
antibiotics can be used in the empirical therapy.
Conclusion: The antibiotics amoxicillin and clarithromycin are still a
good option for first line anti-H. pylori treatment in the
population of Southern Brazil. 相似文献
2.
Harish C. Gugnani Soni Sharma Kharl Wright 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(3):231-234
This report represents the first study of keratinophilic fungi present in
soils of Jamaica. Out of the 40 soil samples examined from different habitats, 30
(75%) were positive for the presence of keratinophilic fungi, yielding 36 isolates of
keratinophilic fungi. Microsporum gypseum complex (represented by 16
isolates of M. gypseum, and four of M. fulvum) was
most frequent, being present in 50% of the samples. A very high occurrence of this
dermatophyte in Jamaican soil is of public health significance. The remaining
isolates of keratinophilic fungi were represented by Chrysosporium
spp (mainly C. indicum and C. tropicum) and
Sepedonium sp. 相似文献
3.
Verónica Casmo Gerito Augusto Rassul Nala Acácio Sabonete Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(3):219-224
This study aims to assess the association between schistosomiasis and
hookworm infection with hemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in northern Mozambique.
Through a cross-sectional survey, 1,015 children from five to 12 years old in the
provinces of Nampula, Cabo Delgado and Niassa were studied. Hookworm infection and
urinary schistosomiasis were diagnosed, through Ritchie and filtration methods, with
a prevalence of 31.3% and 59.1%, respectively. Hemoglobin levels were obtained with a
portable photometer (Hemocue®). The average hemoglobin concentration was
10.8 ± 1.42 g/dL, and 62.1% of the children presented levels below 11.5 g/dL, of
which 11.8% of the total number of children had hemoglobin levels below 9 g/dL. A
multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated negative interactions between
hemoglobin levels and ancylostomiasis, this being restricted to the province of Cabo
Delgado (β = -0.55; p < 0.001) where an independent interaction
between hemoglobin levels and urinary schistosomiasis was also observed (β = -0.35;
p = 0.016). The logistical regression model indicated that
hookworm infection represents a predictor of mild (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.17-3.00) and
moderate/severe anemia (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.50 - 4.89). We concluded that, in the
province of Cabo Delgado, hookworm and Schistosoma haematobium
infections negatively influence hemoglobin levels in schoolchildren. Periodical
deworming should be considered in the region. Health education and improvements in
sanitary infrastructure could achieve long-term and sustainable reductions in
soil-transmitted helminthiases and schistosomiasis prevalence rates. 相似文献
4.
Vikrant SUDAN Anup Kumar TEWARI Harkirat SINGH 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2015,57(3):205-209
Context and objective:
The molecular characterization of local isolates of Toxoplasma gondii is considered significant so as to assess the homologous variations between the different loci of various strains of parasites.Design and setting:
The present communication deals with the molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the 1158 bp entire open reading frame (ORF) of surface antigen 3 (SAG3) of two Indian T. gondii isolates (Chennai and Izatnagar) being maintained as cryostock at the IVRI.Method:
The surface antigen 3 (SAG3) of two local Indian isolates were cloned and sequenced before being compared with the available published sequences.Results:
The sequence comparison analysis revealed 99.9% homology with the standard published RH strain sequence of T. gondii. The strains were also compared with other established published sequences and found to be most related to the P-Br strain and CEP strain (both 99.3%), and least with PRU strain (98.4%). However, the two Indian isolates had 100% homology between them.Conclusion:
Finally, it was concluded that the Indian isolates were closer to the RH strain than to the P-Br strain (Brazilian strain), the CEP strain and the PRU strains (USA), with respect to nucleotide homology. The two Indian isolates used in the present study are known to vary between themselves, as far as homologies related to other genes are concerned, but they were found to be 100% homologous as far as SAG3 locus is concerned. This could be attributed to the fact that this SAG3 might be a conserved locus and thereby, further detailed studies are thereby warranted to exploit the use of this particular molecule in diagnostics and immunoprophylactics. The findings are important from the point of view of molecular phylogeny. 相似文献5.
Juliana Moscardini Chavasco Bárbara Helena Muniz Prado E Feliphe Claudio Daniel Cerdeira Fabrício Damasceno Leandro Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho Jéferson Junior da Silva Jorge Kleber Chavasco Amanda Latercia Tranches Dias 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(1):13-20
The antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria
Gram positive, Gram negative, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37
and Mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of Agar
diffusion and microdilution in broth. Among the extracts evaluated by Agar diffusion,
the extract of Bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive
average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract
of B. pilosa flower, of Eugenia pyriformis'' leaf
and seed, of Plinia cauliflora leaf which statistically presented
the same average of haloes inhibitory formation on bacteria Gram positive, Gram
negative and yeasts. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata did not
present activity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and
Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) appeared resistant to all the extracts.
The susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi were compared to one another and
to the Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus
faecalis and the Gram negative Salmonella typhimurium
bacteria (p > 0.05). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried
out on C6-36 larvae cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. The
extracts of stem and flower of Heliconia rostrata, leaf and stem of
Plinia cauliflora, seed of Anonna crassiflora
and stem, flower and root of B. pilosa did not present toxicity in
the analyzed concentrations. The highest rates of selectivity appeared in the
extracts of stem of A. crassiflora and flower of B.
pilosa to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting potential
for future studies about a new drug development. 相似文献
6.
Jorge Isaac Gracia-Paez Juliana Rosa Ferraz Ivan Avelino Fran?a E Silva Flávia Rossi Anna Sara Levin Silvia Figueiredo Costa 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2013,55(6):417-420
SUMMARY
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contains a novel chromosomally-encoded qnr gene named Smqnr that contributes to low intrinsic resistance to quinolone. We described Smqnr in 13 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia from two Brazilian hospitals, over a 2-year period. The strains were identified by API 20 NE (bioMérieux, France). Susceptibility by microdilution method to trimetroprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and ticarcillin/clavulanate was performed according to CLSI. PCR detection of Smqnr gene was carried out. The sequence of Smqnr was compared with those deposited in GenBank. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of all strains was performed. Thirteen Smqnr positives isolates were sequenced and three novel variants of Smqnr were identified. All 13 Smqnr isolates had distinguishable patterns by PFGE. This is the first report of Smqnr in S. maltophilia isolated in Brazil. 相似文献7.
Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho Clícia Rosane Costa Fran?a Dorlam's da Silva Oliveira Renato Juvino de Arag?o Mendes José de Ribamar Santos Gon?alves Ivone Garros Rosa 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(6):505-510
The action of extracts from the stem, leaves, and fruit of
Jatropha gossypiifolia on Biomphalaria
glabrata was studied by analyzing survival, feeding capacity and
oviposition ability. The extracts were obtained by macerating the plant parts in
92% ethanol, which were then evaporated until a dry residue was obtained
and phytochemically studied. The molluscicidal activity on B.
glabrata was investigated using the procedures recommended by WHO
(1965). The amount of food ingested and oviposition were measured
during each experiment. The extract of leaves from J.
gossypiifolia was shown to be a strong molluscicidal agent, causing
100% mortality of B. glabrata, even in the lowest
concentration tested, of 25 ppm. Regarding the fruit extract, there was
variation in the mortality, depending on the concentration used (100, 75,
50 and 25 ppm). The snails that were in contact with the fruit extract had
significant reduction in feeding and number of embryos in comparison to the
control. The stem extract did not present molluscicidal activity nor had any
influence on the feeding and oviposition abilities of B.
glabrata, in the concentrations tested. In conclusion, the extracts
of leaves and fruits of J. gossypiifolia investigated in this
work show molluscicidal effect and may be sources of useful compounds for the
schistosomiasis control. 相似文献
8.
Marlene CABRINE-SANTOS Eduardo do Nascimento CINTRA Rafaela Andrade do CARMO Gabriel Ant?nio Nogueira NASCENTES André Luiz PEDROSA Dalmo CORREIA Márcia Benedita de OLIVEIRA-SILVA 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2015,57(3):211-214
Intestinal parasites are a problem for public health all over the world. The
infection with Blastocystis, a protozoan of controversial
pathogenicity, is one of the most common among them all. In this study, the
occurrence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on Blastocystis,
in patients at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro was investigated in
Uberaba (MG) through microscopy of direct smears and fecal concentrates using
Ritchie’s method. Feces of 1,323 patients were examined from April 2011 to May 2012.
In 28.7% of them at least one intestinal parasite was identified, and the most
frequent organisms were Blastocystis spp. (17.8%) and Giardia
intestinalis (7.4%). The occurrence of parasitism was higher in children aged 6 -10
years old, and the infection with Blastocystis spp. was higher above
the age of six (p < 0.001). The exclusive presence of G.
intestinalis and of Blastocystis spp. was observed in
5.4% and 12.2% of the patients, respectively. Regarding patients with diarrheic
feces, 8% revealed unique parasitism of Blastocystis spp. Other
intestinal parasites observed in children were Ascaris
lumbricoides(0.3%) and Entamoeba
histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (1.4%). The Ritchie’s method was more
sensitive (92.8%) when compared to direct microscopy (89.8%), with high agreement
between them (97.7%, kappa = 0.92). In conclusion, the occurrence of
Blastocystis spp. in Uberaba is high and the presence of
diarrheic feces with exclusive presence of the parasite of
Blastocystis spp. was observed. 相似文献
9.
Selma Samiko Miyazaki ONUMA Daniel Luis Zanella KANTEK Peter Gransden CRAWSHAW JúNIOR Ronaldo Gon?alves MORATO Joares Adenilson MAY-JúNIOR Zenaide Maria de MORAIS José Soares FERREIRA NETO Daniel Moura de AGUIAR 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2015,57(2):177-180
This study aimed to assess the exposure of free-living jaguars (Panthera
onca) to Leptospira spp. and Brucella
abortus in two conservation units in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
The presence of antibodies in blood samples of eleven jaguars was investigated using
autochthonous antigens isolated in Brazil added to reference antigen collection
applied to diagnosis of leptospirosis by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The
Rose Bengal test was applied for B. abortus antibodies. Two (18.2%)
jaguars were seroreactive for the Leptospira spp. antigen and the
serovar considered as most infective in both animals was a Brazilian isolate of
serovar Canicola (L01). All jaguars were seronegative for B.
abortus. These data indicate that the inclusion of autochthonous antigens in
serological studies can significantly increase the number of reactive animals, as
well as modify the epidemiological profile of Leptospira spp.
infection. 相似文献
10.
Karin Kirchgatter Rosa Maria Tubaki Rosely dos Santos Malafronte Isabel Cristina Alves Giselle Fernandes Maciel de Castro Lima Lilian de Oliveira Guimar?es Robson de Almeida Zampaulo Gerhard Wunderlich 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(5):403-409
Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii has been
implicated as the primary vector of human and simian malarias out of the
Brazilian Amazon and specifically in the Atlantic Forest regions. The presence
of asymptomatic human cases, parasite-positive wild monkeys and the similarity
between the parasites infecting them support the discussion whether these
infections can be considered as a zoonosis. Although many aspects of the biology
of An. cruzii have already been addressed, studies conducted
during outbreaks of malaria transmission, aiming at the analysis of blood
feeding and infectivity, are missing in the Atlantic Forest. This study was
conducted in the location of Palestina, Juquitiba, where annually the majority
of autochthonous human cases are notified in the Atlantic Forest of the state of
São Paulo. Peridomiciliary sites were selected for collection of mosquitoes
in a perimeter of up to 100 m around the residences of human malaria cases. The
mosquitoes were analyzed with the purpose of molecular identification of
blood-meal sources and to examine the prevalence of Plasmodium.
A total of 13,441 females of An. (Ker.) cruzii were
collected. The minimum infection rate was calculated at 0.03% and
0.01%, respectively, for P. vivax and P.
malariae and only human blood was detected in the blood-fed
mosquitoes analyzed. This data reinforce the hypothesis that asymptomatic human
carriers are the main source of anopheline infection in the peridomiciliary
area, making the probability of zoonotic transmission less likely to happen. 相似文献
11.
Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de Melo Wilsandrei Cella Rubens Massafera Natália Maria Maciel Guerra Silva Reinaldo Marqui Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho Ueslei Teodoro 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2013,55(6):407-410
SUMMARY
This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State. 相似文献12.
The effect of sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of
LC50/24h) of plant derived molluscicides of singly,
binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of the Rutin,
Ellagic acid, Betulin and taraxerol with J. gossypifolia latex,
leaf and stem bark powder extracts and their active component on the
reproduction of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata have been
studied. It was observed that the J. gossypifolia latex, stem
bark, individual leaf and their combinations with other plant derived active
molluscicidal components caused a significant reduction in fecundity,
hatchability and survival of young snails. It is believed that sub-lethal
exposure of these molluscicides on snail reproduction is a complex process
involving more than one factor in reducing the reproductive capacity. 相似文献
13.
Tatiana Forte Lopes Marcia Moreira Holcman Gerson Laurindo Barbosa Maria de Fatima Domingos Rosa Maria Oliveira Veiga Barreiros 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(5):369-374
Aedes aegypti is an important vector in Brazil being
the main vector of the dengue-fever. This paper employs survival curves to
describe the time in days from larvae to adult forms of Aedes
aegypti raised, individually and collectively, and compares it
during winter and spring when positioned inside and outside a laboratory. The
study was conducted in São Vicente, a coastal city in Southeastern Brazil.
The lowest water temperature in winter and in spring was 20 °C and the
highest was 26 °C in spring. Higher and more stable temperatures were
measured in the intra compared to the peri in both seasons. Consequently, larvae
positioned in the intra resulted in the lowest median time to develop in the
individual and collective experiment (nine and ten days,
respectively). At least 25% of the larvae positioned in the intra in
the individual experiment in the spring took only seven days to reach adulthood.
Sex ratios and the median time development by sex did not show significant
differences. These results indicate that efforts to control Aedes
aegypti must be continuous and directed mainly to prevent the
intra-domiciliary sites that can be infested in a week in order to reduce the
human-vector contact. 相似文献
14.
Pedro L. CepasGuillen Julio EcharteMorales Eduardo FloresUmanzor Andrea FernandezValledor Guillem Caldentey Ana VianaTejedor Eduardo Martinez Gomez Elena TundidorSanz Javier BorregoRodriguez Pablo Vidal Marc Llagostera Xavier Quiroga Xavier Freixa Felipe FernndezVzquez Manel Sabate 《Clinical cardiology》2021,44(3):371
BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains one of the leading causes of mortality for women, increasing with age. There is an unmet need regarding this condition in a fast‐growing and predominantly female population, such as nonagenarians.HypothesisOur aim is to compare sex‐based differences in ACS management and long‐term clinical outcomes between women and men in a cohort of nonagenarians.MethodsWe included consecutive nonagenarian patients with ACS admitted at four academic centers between 2005 and 2018. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of each center.ResultsA total of 680 nonagenarians were included (59% females). Of them, 373 (55%) patients presented with non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS and 307 (45%) with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Men presented a higher disease burden compared to women. Conversely, women were frailer with higher disability and severe cognitive impairment. In the STEMI group, women were less likely than men to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (60% vs. 45%; p = .01). Overall mortality rates were similar in both groups but PCI survival benefit at 1‐year was greater in women compared to their male counterparts (82% vs. 68%; p = .008), persisting after sensitivity analyses using propensity‐score matching (80% vs. 64%; p = .03).ConclusionSex‐gender disparities have been observed in nonagenarians. Despite receiving less often invasive approaches, women showed better clinical outcomes. Our finding may help increase awareness and reduce the current gender gap in ACS management at any age. 相似文献
15.
Vanessa Kummer Perinazzo Oliveira Luciana da Silva Ruiz Nélio Alessandro Jesus Oliveira Débora Moreira Rosane Christine Hahn Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo Angela Satie Nishikaku Claudete Rodrigues Paula 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(4):301-305
Candidemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the health
care environment. The epidemiology of Candida infection is changing,
mainly in relation to the number of episodes caused by species C.
non-albicans. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate
the frequency of yeasts of the genus Candida, in a four-year period,
isolated from blood of pediatric patients hospitalized in a public hospital of the
city of São Paulo, Brazil. In this period, yeasts from blood of 104 patients were
isolated and, the identified species of Candida by phenotypic and
genotypic methods were: C. albicans (39/104), C.
tropicalis (25/104), C. parapsilosis (23/104),
Pichia anomala (6/104), C. guilliermondii
(5/104), C. krusei (3/104), C. glabrata (2/104) and
C. pararugosa (1/104). During the period of the study, a higher
frequency of isolates of C. non-albicans (63.55%)
(p = 0.0286) was verified. In this study we verified the increase
of the non-albicans species throughout the years (mainly in 2009 and
2010). Thus, considering the peculiarities presented by Candida
species, a correct identification of species is recommended to lead to a faster
diagnosis and an efficient treatment. 相似文献
16.
Antonella Souza Mattei Sydney Hartz Alves Cecília Bittencourt Severo Luciana da Silva Guazzelli Flávio de Mattos Oliveira Luiz Carlos Severo 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(6):483-485
Candida albicans is often isolated from clinical
samples, thus its presumptive differentiation from other species of the same
genus can be based on its ability to form the germ tube in human serum.
Nevertheless, there are two other species that share this characteristic:
C. dubliniensis and C. africana. The aim
of this study was to compare four different substrates to perform the germ tube
(GT) test. The Candida spp. isolates were identified
using a manual system (135 C. albicans, 24 C.
tropicalis and one C. dubliniensis). The germ
tube test was performed with fresh, previously frozen serum and Mueller-Hinton
(MH) broth and agar. GT was observed in 96%
(130/136) of the isolates through the fresh serum technique,
94% (128/136) through previously frozen serum, 92%
(125/136) in MH agar, and 90% (122/136) in MH
broth. The sensitivity of each test was higher than 90%, with 100%
specificity. Both the MH agar and broth were able to identify the true
positives, and false positives were not found. However, some C.
albicans isolates were not identified. MH agar and broth may be
used in laboratory for the rapid presumptive identification of C.
albicans, as an alternative method for germ tube test. 相似文献
17.
Zaida Araujo Sietze Brandes Elena Pinelli María A. Bochichio Andrea Palacios Albina Wide Bruno Rivas-Santiago Juan Carlos Jiménez 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2015,57(1):47-55
The present study aimed at measuring seropositivities for infection by
Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis using the
excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens from Ascaris suum (AES) and
Toxocara canis (TES) within an indigenous population. In
addition, quantification of cytokine expressions in peripheral blood cells was
determined. A total of 50 Warao indigenous were included; of which 43 were adults and
seven children. In adults, 44.1% were seropositive for both parasites; whereas
children had only seropositivity to one or the other helminth. For ascariosis, the
percentage of AES seropositivity in adults and children was high; 23.3% and 57.1%,
respectively. While that for toxocariosis, the percentage of TES seropositivity in
adults and children was low; 9.3% and 14.3%, respectively. The percentage of
seronegativity was comparable for AES and TES antigens in adults (27.9%) and children
(28.6%). When positive sera were analyzed by Western blotting technique using AES
antigens; three bands of 97.2, 193.6 and 200.2 kDas were mostly recognized. When the
TES antigens were used, nine major bands were mostly identified; 47.4, 52.2, 84.9,
98.2, 119.1, 131.3, 175.6, 184.4 and 193.6 kDas. Stool examinations showed that
Blastocystis hominis, Hymenolepis nana and
Entamoeba coli were the most commonly observed intestinal
parasites. Quantification of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-10 and
IL-4 expressions showed that there was only a significant increased expression of
IL-4 in indigenous with TES seropositivity (p < 0.002).
Ascaris and Toxocara seropositivity was
prevalent among Warao indigenous. 相似文献
18.
Luciana Furlaneto-Maia Kátia Real Rocha Vera Lúcia Dias Siqueira Márcia Cristina Furlaneto 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(2):97-103
Enterococci are increasingly responsible for nosocomial infections
worldwide. This study was undertaken to compare the identification and
susceptibility profile using an automated MicrosScan system, PCR-based assay and
disk diffusion assay of Enterococcus spp. We evaluated 30
clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp. Isolates were identified
by MicrosScan system and PCR-based assay. The detection of antibiotic resistance
genes (vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and erythromycin) was also
determined by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to vancomycin (30 µg),
gentamicin (120 µg), tetracycline (30 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg) were tested
by the automated system and disk diffusion method, and were interpreted
according to the criteria recommended in CLSI guidelines. Concerning
Enterococcus identification the general agreement between
data obtained by the PCR method and by the automatic system was 90.0% (27/30).
For all isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis
we observed 100% agreement. Resistance frequencies were higher in E.
faecium than E. faecalis. The resistance rates
obtained were higher for erythromycin (86.7%), vancomycin (80.0%), tetracycline
(43.35) and gentamicin (33.3%). The correlation between disk diffusion and
automation revealed an agreement for the majority of the antibiotics with
category agreement rates of > 80%. The PCR-based assay, the
van(A) gene was detected in 100% of vancomycin resistant
enterococci. This assay is simple to conduct and reliable in the identification
of clinically relevant enterococci. The data obtained reinforced the need for an
improvement of the automated system to identify some enterococci. 相似文献
19.
Ruth Estela Gravato Rowlands Christiane Asturiano Ristori Alice A. Ikuno Maria Luisa Barbosa Miyoko Jakabi Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(6):461-467
Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of
cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread
of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and
potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In
this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with
foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis,
were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence
genes spvC, invA, sefA and
pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all
antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial
agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in
10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for
streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%).
No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin,
ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all
strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in
48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene
sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only
among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants
were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several
serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from
poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption
of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm
to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health. 相似文献
20.
Eduardo Alexandre Loth Samia Khalil Biazim José Henrique Fermino Ferreira dos Santos Rosana Puccia Rosimeire Costa Brancalh?o Lucinéia de Fátima Chasco Rinaldo Ferreira Gandra Rita de Cássia Garcia Sim?o Marcello Fabiano de Franco 《Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S?o Paulo》2014,56(3):259-264
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the dimorphic fungus
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) and corresponds to prevalent
systemic mycosis in Latin America. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the
dose response effect of the fungal yeast phase for the standardization of an
experimental model of septic arthritis. The experiments were performed with groups of
14 rats that received doses of 103, 104 or 105
P. brasiliensis (Pb18) cells. The fungi were injected in 50 µL of
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) directly into the knee joints of the animals. The
following parameters were analyzed in this work: the formation of swelling in knees
infused with yeast cells and the radiological and anatomopathological alterations,
besides antibody titer by ELISA. After 15 days of infection, signs of inflammation
were evident. At 45 days, some features of damage and necrosis were observed in the
articular cartilage. The systemic dissemination of the fungus was observed in 11% of
the inoculated animals, and it was concluded that the experimental model is able to
mimic articular PCM in humans and that the dose of 105 yeast cells can be
used as standard in this model. 相似文献