烟嘧磺隆原药的急性毒性评价

目的:评价烟嘧磺隆原药的急性毒性,为烟嘧磺隆原药的安全使用提供毒理学依据.方法:急性经口、经皮毒性试验,眼、皮肤刺激试验以及皮肤过敏试验均按照我国现行<农药登记毒理学试验方法>规定方法进行.结果:烟嘧磺隆原药急性经口半数致死量(LD50)>5 000 mg/kg,经皮LD50 >2 000 mg/kg,经口、经皮均属低毒,对兔眼及豚鼠皮肤无刺激性,对豚鼠致敏率为0,致敏率强度1级,属于弱致敏物.结论:烟嘧磺隆原药对人畜较为安全.     

小叶黄杨药理研究初探

目的：观察广西桂林产小叶黄杨叶提取物(BMA和BMB)的半数致死量(LD50)、刺激性和对豚鼠离体回肠、家兔离体阴道及子宫的影响。方法：用改良寇氏法计算LD50;采用离体平滑肌装置．记录和比较豚鼠回肠、家兔阴道和子宫用药前用药后的张力变化。结果：BMA的LD50为6606mg／kg．BMB的LD50为4467mg／kg;BMA和BMB对家兔眼结膜无任何刺激性;BMA和BMB对豚鼠离体回肠和家兔阴道平滑肌有明显的收缩作用。结论：该药可用于治疗腹气胀、产后阴道松弛,有进一步研究的价值。     

麝香鼻康灵的主要药效学研究

目的探讨麝香鼻康灵的主要药效学。方法采用大鼠离体后肢血管阻力、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀及致敏豚鼠回肠平滑肌过敏性收缩试验。结果麝香鼻康灵 17、5 1、170mg/kg可提高大鼠离体后肢血管阻力 (P <0 .0 5和 0 .0 1) ;麝香鼻康灵 30mg/kg明显减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓炎症 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;麝香鼻康灵 0 .85、2 .5 5、8.5mg/kg显著抑制致敏豚鼠回肠肌的过敏性收缩 (P <0 .0 1)。结论麝香鼻康灵具有收缩血管、抗炎和抗变态反应的作用。     

前列腺栓的急性毒性实验研究

【目的】观察前列腺栓的急性毒性。【方法】用简化机率法,计算小鼠给药的半数致死量(LD50)。【结果】前列腺栓原料粉灌胃给药的半数致死量(LD50)为992.43 mg/kg。95%可信限为796.16~1 238.80 mg/kg。【结论】前列腺栓的半数致死量为有效剂量的8.8倍,因而其用药安全性是可靠的。     

毒素清颗粒解热作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨毒素清颗粒对 10 %鲜啤酒酵母混悬液及 10 %蛋白胨溶液致家兔体温升高的作用。方法 :分别用 0 .5ml(0 .0 5g) /kg/d、1ml(0 .1g) /kg/d、2ml(0 .2g) /kg/d毒素清溶液给家兔灌胃给药 ,观察其对发热家兔体温的影响。结果 :毒素清各剂量组 (低、中、高 )对 10 %鲜啤酒酵母混悬液及 10 %蛋白胨溶液致家兔体温升高均有明显的降温作用 ,与生理盐水对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .5和P0 .0 1)。结论 :毒素清有明显的解热作用。     

甘润口含片的毒理学实验研究

对甘润口含片进行毒理学实验研究 ,为其临床试验提供理论依据。应用小鼠急性毒性试验、豚鼠皮肤的过敏性试验和家兔眼睛的刺激性试验 ,观察甘润口含片对实验动物的毒性作用。结果 ,甘润口含片对小鼠的LD50 为 5 2 8 32±6 8 5 6mg/kg·bw ;未引起豚鼠皮肤出现红斑、水肿等过敏反应 ,对家兔的眼睛无任何刺激作用。甘润口含片对小鼠的LD50为 5 2 8 32± 6 8 5 6mg/kg·bw ,属于低毒化学品 ,豚鼠皮肤的过敏性试验和家兔眼睛的刺激性试验均为阴性 ,可以用于临床试验     

伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐急性毒性实验及降温作用观察

目的观察伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐对小白鼠的急性毒性作用及对家兔的降温作用.方法改良寇氏法测定伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐的LD50,观察该药物对白百破致热家兔的解热作用.结果伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐的LD50=355.7(339.8～372.4)mg/kg;降温作用在用药后1h出现,持续时间3～4h.结论伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐的毒性较伪麻黄碱小,且有明显降温作用.     

氯胺酮对利多卡因半数致死量的影响

目的 观察氯胺酮对局麻药利多卡因半数致死量(LD50)的影响.方法 小鼠分为氯胺酮组和生理盐水组,每组15只,分别预先腹腔注射10mg/kg的氯胺酮或等容积的生理盐水,5min后腹腔注射等比浓度的利多卡因,用序贯法测2组的LD50.结果 氯胺酮组利多卡因LD50为147.6 mg/kg,小于生理盐水组的247.9mg/kg(P＜0.05).结论 预先腹腔注射氯胺酮可增加利多卡因的毒性.     

灵香口服液的镇痛抗炎作用

目的　通过不同的致痛、致炎模型观察灵香口服液 (LSFJ)的镇痛抗炎作用。方法　采用小鼠扭体法和电刺激法 ,观察药物镇痛作用 ;用小鼠耳片法和足跖法观察药物抗炎作用。结果　LSFJ灌胃给药(2 4 0mg/kg)对醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应有明显抑制作用 ,抑制率为 79.5% ;对于电刺激引起的疼痛 ,用药后6 0min明显提高痛阈 (P <0 .0 5) ,用药后 90、12 0min非常显著地提高痛阈 (P <0 .0 1) ;对二甲苯诱发耳肿胀有量效相关的抑制作用 ,低剂量组 (6 0mg/kg)抑制作用不明显 (P >0 .0 5) ,中剂量组 (12 0mg/kg)抑制作用明显 (P <0 .0 5) ,抑制率为 4 1.18% ,高剂量组 (2 4 0mg/kg)抑制作用非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,抑制率为 6 1.32 % ;对 5-羟色胺诱发小鼠足肿胀有明显抑制作用 ,用药后 30、6 0min作用明显 (P <0 .0 5) ,90min时作用最强 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　LSFJ有明显的镇痛抗炎作用     

人参多糖在复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体中的作用

目的:探讨人参多糖在复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体中的保护作用.方法:通过急性毒性实验半数致死量(LD50)的检测,验证人参多糖是否降低氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体的毒性.结果:含人参多糖的复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体LD50为149.6375 mg/kg;不含人参多糖的复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体LD50为114.3642 mg/kg,差别显著(P＜0.05).结论:人参多糖可降低复方氟脲嘧啶多相脂质体的毒副作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.