海藻酸钙掩味微囊的制备

目的:研究海藻酸钙掩味微囊制备工艺与掩味机理。方法:选择阿齐霉素、罗红霉素为模型药物,采用滴制法制备海藻酸钙载药微囊,以人体口腔中的苦味感觉为指标,评价海藻酸钙微囊的掩味效果;并通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)等技术初步探讨了海藻酸钙微囊的掩味机理。结果:制备得到光滑、圆整的海藻酸钙微囊,载药量达90%以上,并具有显著掩味效果。结论:海藻酸钙掩味微囊对以阿齐霉素、罗红霉素为代表的大环内酯类抗生素的苦味具有良好的掩盖效果。     

冻干法制备口腔崩解片崩解检查方法研究

目的设计一种适用于冻干法制备口腔崩解片的崩解检查试验。方法根据冻干法制备口腔崩解片的特点和口腔内实际环境设计装置和实验方法,考察冻干法制备含不同配方和活性药物的口腔崩解片的崩解行为和崩解时限,并与志愿者体内(口腔内)崩解行为进行对比。结果可以有效检查口腔崩解片的崩解行为和时限,与体内试验比较,具有较强的相关性(r=0．91)。结论该法能体现冻干法口腔崩解片崩解行为体内外试验的一致性,可作为处方筛选和质量检查的参考方法之一。     

口腔崩解片的研究进展

介绍了口腔崩解片的概念、特点、技术要求,重点探讨了口腔崩解片常用的制备技术、常用辅料、存在的问题及解决方法、质量控制指标,并对口腔崩解片未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

中药口崩片体外崩解时限测定方法的研究

目的:对中药口崩片体外崩解时间测定方法进行研究,筛选重现性、分辨率、体内外相关性好的评价方法。方法:采用自制和常用方法测定实验样品(空白和中药口崩片)的体外崩解时间,与口腔内崩解时间比较,评价不同方法测定结果的重现性、分辨率、体内外相关性等。结果:不同方法测定同一类型口崩片具有不同崩解时间。量筒静态法、崩解仪改良法均有缺陷,测定结果与口腔内崩解时间偏离较大;自制崩解装置能较真实地测试口崩片的崩解性能,测定的崩解时间接近口腔内崩解时间,终点判断明确,重现性、分辨率均优于其他方法,体内外相关性良好。结论:自制崩解装置适合测定口崩片(包括中药口崩片)的体外崩解时间,可作为质量控制参考方法。     

药物掩味技术及其味觉评价技术的研究进展

多数药物味道苦涩、口感刺激，导致患者顺应性差，其不良气味严重影响药物治疗效率。一款药物的成功研发不仅应满足有效性、稳定性、安全性、均一性、经济性的五大质量特征，同时患者对不良气味药物的顺应性也不容忽视。味觉掩蔽技术针对不同性质药物进行掩味，其发展对改善药物口感具有重要意义。本文综述了传统掩味技术的原理及优缺点，并介绍了新型掩味技术如熔融制粒、热熔挤出、3D打印、药物复合物制备、苦味抑制剂的掩味机制和适用范围。针对药物掩味效果阐述体外评测方法如功能性磁共振成像、体外溶出、味觉指纹分析技术以及体内评测手段如动物、人体口尝在掩味效果领域的应用，并提出BP神经网络评价预测模型对药物口感评测的新策略，以期为今后药物掩味研究提供理论参考。     

正交实验法优选阿司匹林口腔崩解片的处方工艺

目的用正交实验法优选阿司匹林口腔崩解片的最佳处方和制备工艺。方法选用低取代羟丙基纤维素（L-HPC）和微晶纤维素（MCC）作为崩解剂,通过湿法制粒压片制备,从颗粒流动性、片重差异、光洁度等指标,对生产工艺进行验证;以体外崩解时间为指标,正交试验优化处方。结果优选处方的口腔崩解片的体外崩解时限为（9.26±0.06）s,口腔内的崩解时间为（31.82±2.17）s,体外释放非常迅速,2 min之内释放76.9%。结论本实验所得的处方和工艺可以制备性能优良的阿司匹林口腔崩解片。     

溴吡斯的明口腔崩解片的研制及质量控制

目的制备口感良好的溴吡斯的明口腔崩解片,并优化处方。方法采用溶剂蒸发-沉积法制备固体分散体掩盖药物苦味,以崩解时间为指标,采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方。结果制备的口腔崩解片表面完整光洁,口感良好,能在30s内崩解完全。在水中0.5min内的药物溶出率约为8.5%,释药量约为2.5mg,低于苦味阈值(约3mg);在0.1mol/L盐酸介质中,2min累积溶出率大于95%。结论制备的口腔崩解片处方合理,工艺可行,方便患者服用。     

新型口服固体速释制剂——口腔崩解片的研究概况及展望

综述口腔崩解片的特点、技术要求、制备工艺、速释机理和常用辅料,以及中药口崩片的发展前景,认为该剂型非常适合于儿童、老人及吞咽困难的患者,具有良好的使用价值和市场前景。     

口腔崩解片的研究进展

口腔崩解片是一种特殊的片剂,不用水或用极少量水就能在口腔内迅速崩解或溶解于唾液中,患者仅需几个吞咽动作即可完成服药过程。近年来口腔崩解片的发展迅速,成为国内外研究的热点。本文就口腔崩解片的特点、常用的制备工艺以及质量评价等方面进行综述。     

儿童药物制剂掩味技术的研究进展

儿童对药物异味极其敏感,尤其对苦味药物的依从性很差,口服剂型的掩味与矫味策略对儿童药物制剂的研究至关重要,也是儿童药品开发的主要屏障之一。本文综述了近些年来儿童药物制剂掩味技术研究的最新进展,从药物层面、制剂层面和苦味传递层面介绍了5类掩味技术,包括其原理、特点及在药物制剂中的应用等,为掩味制剂的进一步开发提供参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.