两种术式矫治不同程度先天性上睑下垂的效果比较

目的 比较提上睑肌缩短术和额肌瓣悬吊术矫治不同程度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 对81例(86眼)先天性上睑下垂患者分别采用提上睑肌缩短术和额肌瓣悬吊术进行矫治,观察手术4周后先天性上睑下垂手术矫正效果、疗效满意率.结果 缩短术组有轻度上睑下垂16眼、中度上睑下垂9眼及重度上睑下垂7眼,轻度、中度先天性上睑下垂组疗效满意率明显高于重度先天性上睑下垂组(x2=7.889、7.413,均P＜0.05).悬吊术组有轻度先天性上睑下垂18眼、中度先天性上睑下垂13眼及重度先天性上睑下垂23眼,重度、中度先天性上睑下垂组疗效满意率明显高于轻度先天性上睑下垂组(x2 =7.069、6.998,均P＜0.05).结论 提上睑肌缩短术治疗轻度先天性上睑下垂疗效优于额肌瓣悬吊术,而对于重度先天性上睑下垂则使用额肌瓣悬吊术治疗效果更佳.     

改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果观察

目的 探讨改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效。方法对65例上睑下垂患者行改良额肌瓣悬吊术,观察其术后效果。结果本组65例75眼,随访3—12个月,除3眼矫正不足外,余均取得良好效果。结论改良额肌瓣悬吊术适用于治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,效果确切。     

两种手术方法矫正重度上睑下垂的效果观察

目的探讨提上睑肌缩短术和额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的临床疗效。方法对15例(20只眼)重度上睑下垂患者采用提上睑肌缩短徒前术。对20例(29只眼)采用额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重上睑下垂。结果前一种方法术后眼睑弧度及双重睑形成良好,睑裂高度正常。后一种方法术后1个月眼睑闭合不全逐渐消失。结论提上睑肌缩短术及额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂均能获得理想效果。     

改良额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的方法及效果

目的探讨改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗上睑下垂的的方法及临床效果。方法重度上睑下垂患者30例。其中先天性上睑下垂患者18例(26只眼),后天性上睑下垂患者12例(16只眼),均采用改良额肌辩悬吊术进行治疗,术后进行随访6～24个月,对治疗效果进行评价分析。结果经过手术治疗后,42只眼中的40只眼上睑上提功能良好,重睑线自然,对称,矫正良好,医生和患者都非常满意,占95.2%,其中的2只眼术后早期存在眼睑闭合不全,患者表现轻微"兔眼"症,疗效基本满意,占4.8%,没有矫正不良者。结论改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗先天性和后天性上睑下垂的效果都很好,手术操作简便,效果持久稳定,是矫正重度上睑下垂比较理想的治疗方法。     

改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗先天性重度上睑下垂的体会

目的探讨改良额肌瓣悬吊术对先天性重度上睑下垂的治疗效果。方法对24例重度先天性上睑下垂患者行额肌瓣悬吊术,随访6个月,观察其睑裂高度、上睑弧度、闭眼状态。结果 21例效果满意,3例轻度矫正不足。结论额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果良好。     

先天性上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术治疗体会

目的探讨手术治疗先天性上睑下垂的术式。方法采用额肌瓣悬吊术治疗31例(52眼),直视下分离睑部皮肤与轮匝肌、额肌止端,钝性分离眶部轮匝肌,吻合额肌与睑板,结果31例52眼均取得满意效果,12例19眼重度上睑下垂术后眼睑闭合不全,明显眼睑迟滞现象,3个月后消失。结论额肌瓣悬吊术是治疗先天性上睑下垂的一种安全有效的方法。     

不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂效果分析

我院1998年—2002年收治先天性上睑下垂患儿，分别采用提上睑肌缩短术、费盖式手术、眼轮匝肌肌瓣转移术、睑皮肤及皮下组织肌瓣悬吊术、额肌瓣悬吊术进行治疗，结果报告如下。     

改良提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂38例临床探讨

目的探讨改良提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果。方法对38例先天性上睑下垂患者进行改良提上睑肌缩短手术,观察术后疗效。结果正矫30眼（79%）,欠矫7眼（18%）,复发1眼（3%）、复发者为3岁患儿,无过矫病例。大部分患者均能在3个月内自然闭合眼睑,最迟者为1年。随访时间半年~1年,无一例发生暴露性角膜溃疡。结论改良提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂安全、可靠,是一种实用的治疗手段。     

改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗上睑下垂临床观察

目的探讨治疗上睑下垂的有效手术方法。方法对21例（21只眼）先天性上睑下垂和12例（12只眼）后天性上睑下垂（不明原因）施行改良额肌瓣悬吊术。结果33只眼中,30只眼满意（占90.9%）,3只眼基本满意（占8.1%）。结论改良额肌瓣悬吊术矫正上睑下垂,术式简单,效果好,是治疗各类上睑下垂的首选方法。     

提上睑肌缩短矫治先天性上睑下垂42眼临床观察

先天性上睑下垂是常见的眼睑疾病，轻者影响外观，重者因下垂的上睑遮挡瞳孔，影响视力。传统的治疗方法有缝线悬吊术，阔筋膜悬吊术和额肌悬吊术等，但术后复发率较高，外观不自然，且易发生眼睑内翻、倒睫、眼睑闭合不全上睑迟滞等并发症，目前理想的手术方法首选提上睑肌缩短术，我科2001年5月～2006年5月采用提上睑肌缩短治疗先天性上睑下垂27例（42眼）在功能和外形上取得了满意效果，现报道如下。     

The basis of differences in thermodynamic efficiency among skeletal muscles

Muscles convert chemical free energy into mechanical work. The energy conversion occurs in 2 steps. First, free energy obtained from oxidation of metabolic substrates (ΔG_S) is transferred to ATP and, second, free energy from ATP hydrolysis (ΔG_ATP) is converted into work by myosin cross‐bridges. The fraction of ΔG_S transferred to ATP is called mitochondrial efficiency (η_M) and the fraction of ΔG_ATP converted into work is called cross‐bridge efficiency (η_CB). Overall cross‐bridge efficiency varies among muscles from ~20% and 35% and the analysis presented in the current studies shows that this variation is largely due to differences in η_CB whereas η_M is similar (~80%) in all the muscles assessed. There is an inverse, linear relationship between maximum normalised power output and η_CB; that is, more efficient muscles tend to be less powerful than less efficient muscles. It is proposed that differences in cross‐bridge efficiency reflect the extent to which cross‐bridges traverse the force‐length relationship for attached cross‐bridges. In this framework, cross‐bridges from tortoise muscle (η_CB = 45%) produce close to the maximum possible work a cross‐bridge can perform in a single attachment cycle.     

Some actions of chandonium iodide, a new short-acting muscle relaxant, in anaesthetized cats and on isolated muscle preparations

1. The actions of the new skeletal muscle relaxant chandonium (HS310) on the cardiovascular, respiratory and skeletal muscle systems of the cat under chloralose anaesthesia and on chick and rat isolated skeletal muscle preparations have been described. 2. In the cat chandonium exhibited a potent, competitive, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking action that was rapid in onset and of short duration. It possessed a selective atropine-like action at the cardiac vagus neuro-effector junction but little or no ganglion blocking activity. Neither adrenergic neurone nor α-adrenoceptor blocking properties were evident. 3. Unlike tubocurarine, chandonium was without effect on the airways system of the anaesthetized cat. 4. Chandonium possessed weak anticholinesterase action. It is conceivable that this effect may contribute to its short duration of action. 5. The results from these studies suggest that chandonium may have possible clinical applications as a short-acting muscle relaxant.     

Matching of sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile properties in rat fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibres

1. The twitch characteristics (fast-twitch or slow-twitch) of skeletal muscle fibres are determined not only by the contractile apparatus properties of the fibre, but also by the time-course of Ca2+ release and re-uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The present study examined, in individual fibres from non-transforming muscle of the rat, whether particular SR properties are matched to the contractile apparatus properties of the fibre, in particular in the case of fibres with fast-twitch contractile apparatus located in a slow-twitch muscle, namely the soleus. 2. Force was recorded in single, mechanically skinned fibres from extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, peroneus longus and soleus muscles. Using repeated cycles in which the SR was emptied of all releasable Ca2+ and then reloaded, it was possible to determine the relative amount of Ca2+ present in the SR endogenously, the maximum SR capacity and the rate of Ca2+ loading. The sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+ and Sr2+ was used to classify the fibres as fast-twitch (FT), slow-twitch (ST) or mixed (< 3% of the fibres examined) and thereby identify the likely troponin C and myosin heavy chain types present. 3. There was no significant difference in SR properties between the groups of FT fibres obtained from the four different muscles, including soleus. Despite some overlap in the SR properties of individual fibres between the FT and ST groups, the properties of the FT fibres in all four muscles studied were significantly different from those of the ST and mixed fibres. 4. In general, in FT fibres the SR had a larger capacity and the endogenous Ca2+ content was a relatively lower percentage of maximum compared with ST fibres. Importantly, in terms of their SR properties, FT fibres from soleus muscle more closely resembled FT fibres from other muscles than they did ST fibres from soleus muscle.     

雌二醇对离体和在体气管平滑肌收缩活动的抑制作用

目的:研究雌二醇对离体和在体气管平滑肌收缩的作用.方法:(1)将家兔离体气管平滑肌条置于装有Krebs液的肌槽中温育,并通入95％O_2和5％CO_2的混合气体.二导记录仪记录肌条的等长张力.(2)测量肌注雌二醇(1mg/kg)前后乙酰胆碱和组胺引发豚鼠哮喘的潜伏期.结果:(1)雌二醇(100μmol/L)对乙酰胆碱和氯化钾诱发的收缩有明显的舒张作用(舒张百分比分别为39％±5％和45％±19％).其作用可被蚓哚美辛和亚甲蓝部分阻断(26％±8％和28％±13％),但不能被L-NNA、心得安和去除上皮所影响(舒张百分比分别为38％±10％,40％±15％,37％±8％).雌二醇能使乙酰胆碱及氯化钙的量效曲线明显右移(pD_2~′值分别为3.98和4.75).另外,雌二醇可明显抑制乙酰胆碱引起的第Ⅰ时相性收缩,对氯化钙引起的第Ⅱ时相性的收缩无明显影响.(2)肌注雌二醇(1mg/kg)可使豚鼠的引喘潜伏期明显延长.结论:(1)雌二醇对兔离体气管平滑肌的作用是非上皮依赖性的,与抑制电压依赖性钙通道和细胞内钙从内质网的释放有关,还部分与cGMP介导的松弛途径及刺激气道平滑肌释放前列腺素类物质有关,但与β-肾上腺素能受体介导的舒张无关.(2)雌二醇可明显舒张豚鼠在体气管平滑肌.     

Roles played by histamine in strenuous or prolonged masseter muscle activity in mice

相似文献   

骨骼肌萎缩信号通路的研究进展

在恶性肿瘤、脓毒血症、糖尿病甚至长期太空飞行等状态下常伴随着骨骼肌萎缩的现象.骨骼肌萎缩是肌蛋白合成下降和(或)分解代谢加速的结果.骨骼肌萎缩的程度与患者的康复、生活能力和生活质量息息相关,防治并逆转骨骼肌的萎缩对上述疾病的治疗具有重要意义.现代医学对骨骼肌萎缩的分子生物学机制进行了大量研究,对近年骨骼肌萎缩相关信号通路及药物对其防治作用做一简要综述,以期对骨骼肌萎缩相关疾病的研究与治疗提供参考.     

间硝苯啶和美托洛尔在心血管系统中的相互影响

美托洛尔(Met)加强间硝幕啶(m-Nif)对离体豚鼠心房阶梯现象的抑制作用,但不影响休息后加强,m-Nif对氯化钙引起兔肺动脉环收缩的拮抗也被Met加强,两药合用后,拮抗去甲肾上腺素加快豚鼠右心房率的作用比单用稍强,在整体实验,Met加强m-Nif减慢麻醉犬心率。同时减弱m-Nif增加心输出量的作用,结果表明,Met加强m-Nif阻滞细胞外Ca~(2+)内流,加强时心肌和血管平滑肌收缩的抑制,     

Comparison of the effects of pinacidil and its metabolite,pinacidil-N-oxide,in isolated smooth and cardiac muscle

The effects of pinacidil and its major metabolite, pinacidil-N-oxide, were compared in isolated smooth and cardiac muscle preparations. Wide variation occurred in the sensitivity of different smooth muscle preparations to the relaxant effect of pinacidil. Relaxant sensitivity of pinacidil was greatest in the one vascular preparation examined, the rat aorta, where the ED₅₀ for pinacidil was approximately 0.5 μM. Pinacidil was equally potent in relaxing serotonin- or norepinephrine-contracted aortic preparations. Although pinacidil was also a smooth muscle relaxant in the guinea pig trachea, guinea pig ileum, rat vas deferens, and rat stomach funds, the ED₅₀ ranged from 1--25 μM in these smooth muscle preparations. In the trachea, pinacidil was most effective in relaxing histamine-induced contractions as compared to contractions induced by carbamylcholine. Thus, bronchodilatory effects of pinacidil might be most apparent when bronchoconstriction is produced by allergic responses that result from histamine release. Pinacidil was least effective in quiescent rat uterine smooth muscle, where approximately 80% of the maximum contractile response to oxytocin was maintained in the presence of 10^?4 M pinacidil. Although a direct cardiostimulatory effect of hydralazine has been postulated, no direct stimulatory effect on guinea pig cardiac rate or force occurred with pinacidil. Furthermore, an inhibitory effect on rate and force of atrial responses occurred only in higher doses of pinacidil. The major metabolite of pinacidil, pinacidil-N-oxide, also relaxed the rat aorta, although it was approximately eight- to tenfold less potent than pinacidil. These data are consistent with the contention that pinacidil-N-oxide would contribute to the antihypertensive activity seen after pinacidil only when plasma levels were approximately tenfold greater than the parent compound. Furthermore, because of the relative insensitivity of other smooth and cardiac.     

人冈上肌和冈下肌的肌纤维型分布研究

目的探讨冈上肌和冈下肌的肌纤维型分布特征和构成比例,为病理学研究和临床应用提供形态学依据。方法选取4例16～40岁（均死于非神经肌性疾病）死后12h内的人尸两侧冈上肌和冈下肌,在肌腹中部取材共16块立即置入液氮,随后作恒冷箱冰冻横切片（-20℃,厚10μm）,用肌球蛋白ATP酶法染色,研究两肌的肌纤维分型分布,测定各肌Ⅰ型（慢缩）、Ⅱ型（快缩）肌纤维的构成比例。结果冈上肌和冈下肌的Ⅰ型肌纤维平均百分率分别为59.0%和57.3%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肌纤维呈棋盘格式混杂分布,在左、右侧别之间比较差异无显著性。结论冈上肌和冈下肌以Ⅰ型肌纤维分布稍占优势。     

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of a myotoxin from Conus magus venom on the mouse diaphragm,the guinea-pig atria,taenia caeci,ileum and vas deferens

A myotoxin purified from Conus magus venom elicited complete loss of contractile response of the mouse diaphragm to electrical stimulation followed by a gradual rise in the baseline, an increase in the contractile force of the guinea-pig left atria, a tonic contraction of the guinea-pig taenia caeci and powerful rhythmic contractions of the guinea-pig ileum and vas deferens. These excitatory effects of the toxin were blocked by treatment with tetrodotoxin, suggesting that these effects were due to an increase in Na⁺ permeability of the cell membrane.