双歧杆菌对肠上皮细胞粘附的研究

用激光共距式细胞仪研究了ＦＩＴＣ标记的双歧杆菌对体外培养肠上皮细胞的粘附。结果表明，双歧杆菌的粘附素是一种蛋白质，由细菌分泌至培养液中；肠上皮细胞上粘附素受体为糖蛋白。光镜及透射电镜观察，双歧杆菌特异性地粘附于Ｌｏｖｏ细胞的刷状缘，被粘附的Ｌｏｖｏ细胞表面结构无破坏。     

肠免疫组织对肠上皮细胞生长的影响

肠粘膜免疫组织除了发挥免疫功能外,还能通过分泌多种细胞因子调节肠上皮细胞受损后的再生和修复.其中,在二者间起重要交流作用的细胞因子是IFN-γ,此外IL-2和IL-4也对维持正常的粘膜免疫和肠上皮细胞发挥重要调节作用.这些细胞因子调节上皮细胞增殖和分化的机制之一通过上皮细胞表面受体激活JAKs激酶,随后激活包括转录蛋白STAT家族在内的各种不同的信号蛋白,从而表达细胞因子功能.     

肠免疫组织对肠上皮细胞生长的影响

肠粘膜免疫组织除了发挥免疫功能外,还能通过分泌多种细胞因子调节肠上皮细胞受损后的再生和修复。其中,在二者间起重要交流作用的细胞因子是IFN-γ,此外IL-2和IL-4也对维持正常的粘膜免疫和肠上皮细胞发挥重要调节作用。这些细胞因子调节上皮细胞增殖和分化的机制之一通过上皮细胞表面受体激活JAKs激酶,随后激活包括转录蛋白STAT家族在内的各种不同的信号蛋白,从而表达细胞因子功能。     

EPEC野生型O119与H511对HEp—2细胞粘附力比较

肠致病性大肠杆菌 (ｅｎｔｅｒｏｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃＥｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ ＥＰＥＣ)是引起婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原菌之一。粘附是ＥＰＥＣ感染宿主肠粘膜上皮细胞关键的第一步。因此准确测定ＥＰＥＣ对靶细胞的粘附能力 ,有助于判定其致病力。通过分析比较ＥＰＥＣ有菌毛株Ｏ119和无菌毛变异株Ｈ5 11对人喉癌上皮细胞ＨＥｐ 2的粘附情况 ,以确定菌毛对ＥＰＥＣ粘附力的影响。1　材料和方法1 1　材料1 1 1　菌株 :肠致病性大肠杆菌 (ｅｎｔｅｒｏｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃＥｓ ｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ )ＥＰＥＣ野生型Ｏ119(血清…     

严重烧伤对大鼠肠上皮细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响

为研究严重烧伤对大鼠肠上皮细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响及其机制，采用30％体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤大鼠模型，观察烧伤后线粒体Ⅲ态呼吸(ST3)、Ⅳ态呼吸(ST4)、呼吸控制率(RCR)、磷氧比(P／0)、肠道氧摄取率(Oext)及肠粘膜血流量(IMBF)的变化。结果表明：烧伤后大鼠肠上皮细胞线粒体ST3、RCR、P／O及肠组织Oext和IMBF均显著降低。与伤前相比，最大降幅度分别为42．06％、42.15％、30．94％、59．46％和51．73％(P＜0．01)，而ST4明显高于伤前。相关分析显示，IMBF同RCR、Oext和P／0呈显著正相关(rl＝0.92，P＜0．01；r2＝0.96，P＜0.01;r1＝0．91，P＜0．01)。本实验显示：严重烧伤后肠上皮细胞线粒体呼吸功能受损，氧化磷酸化失耦联，肠道氧摄取率降低，其发生机制与伤后肠粘膜血流量大幅下降有关。     

MTT法定量检测白血病细胞株与基质细胞粘附率的方法

<正>粘附率是用于标定相互作用的分子数量及其亲和力大小的定量指标。目前常用于定量检测粘附率的方法主要有同位素标记法、形态学计数法,它们各有优缺点,本文介绍一种简单易行的检测粘附率的方法──MTT法,它具有客观性、非放射性和可以定量等优点。     

缺氧复氧对肠上皮细胞凋亡指数及线粒体膜电位的影响

观察缺氧复氧对IEC-6(肠上皮)细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位的影响,探讨其细胞损伤的机制.建立IEC-6细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型;用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡指数,采用激光共聚焦显微镜测定线粒体膜电位变化.结果表明IEC-6细胞缺氧复氧损伤后,细胞凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位明显降低(P<0.01).     

Slug对照射鼠肠上皮细胞的保护作用及机制

 目的：研究Slug过表达对照射鼠肠上皮细胞的保护作用及机制 方法：以体外培养的小肠隐窝上皮细胞IEC6和转染了Slug cDNA的IEC6为研究对象,对细胞进行6Gy剂量γ射线照射,在照射48h后观察细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化和Western blot法检测PUMA蛋白表达。结果：6Gy射线照射IEC6细胞48h后的细胞凋亡指数为15.6+1.54,明显高于照射联合pcDNA3-Slug cDNA转染组的5.1+1.7（P<0.01）和单独pcDNA3-Slug cDNA转染组的2.21+0.36（P<0.01）。Weatern blot法检测发现,6Gy射线照射IEC6细胞48h后的PUMA相对表达为0.79+0.12,明显高于照射联合pcDNA3-Slug cDNA转染组的0.16+0.01（P<0.01）,免疫组化和Weatern blot法检测结果一致。结论：上调Slug抑制射线诱导的细胞PUMA表达上调,抑制IEC6细胞凋亡。     

抗F41-McAb在体外对ETEC·F41菌粘附肠上皮细胞的阻断作用

本文用ETEC·F41菌株及抗F41-McAb进行了体外肠上皮细胞粘附试验及粘附阻断试验,结果表明F41菌株不仅可粘附于天然宿主(牛)的小肠上皮细胞上,也粘附于BALB/c小鼠的小肠上皮细胞上,其宿主特异性是相对的。F41-McAb粘附阻断试验证明F41-McAb有很高的特异性,能有效地阻断菌株对肠上皮细胞的粘附作用,而不阻断其它肠道菌的粘附;并证实,抗F41-McAb 1F6、2C5、3B6为菌毛粘附位点的McAb,而1H5、4E11则是针对非粘附位点的决定簇,提示若以F41-McAb用于防治急性腹泻或F41疫苗生产质控时,应选用1F6、2C5或3B6-McAb。     

青春双歧杆菌抑制铜绿假单胞菌对肠上皮细胞粘附和侵袭作用的研究

肠粘膜屏障功能受损、肠道生物屏障破坏、机体免疫功能降低是促进细菌移位的主要原因。应用双歧杆菌改善肠道生物屏障减轻细菌移位的发生是近几年来新的研究热点。双歧杆菌是人体肠道中的重要生理性细菌 ,具有益生、营养、免疫等作用 ,对维持肠道生物屏障起主导作用。双歧杆菌与宿主肠上皮细胞的粘附是其发挥生理作用的第一步 ,铜绿假单胞菌是肠道细菌移位的常见菌 ,其粘附于肠粘膜细胞是其移位的首要条件。为了更系统地探讨双歧杆菌粘附后生物保护作用 ,我们以青春双歧杆菌 (Ｂ .ａｄｏ0 92 6 )体外粘附培养鼠肠上皮细胞株ＩＥＣ 6 ,观察其…     

Adherence to nebulised antibiotics in cystic fibrosis

Objective

To examine the adherence of patients with cystic fibrosis to nebulised antibiotics.

Methods

A longitudinal design with adherence data collected over 12 weeks. 38 patients (mean age 24.6 years, S.D. 5.3) were recruited from an adult cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic. Adherence was electronically monitored using a Prodose adaptive aerosol delivery (AAD) device.

Results

Three indices of adherence were calculated: mean percentage of times the nebuliser was used as prescribed was 50.0% (S.D. = 39.7, range 1.1, 155.6); mean percentage of days fully adhered was 31.6% (S.D. = 29.4, range 0, 97.2); mean percentage of days nebuliser used at least once was 57.1% (S.D. = 34.2, range 3.3, 100).

Conclusion

Rates of adherence were generally low. Adherence was not associated with any variables apart from age. There were wide variations between individuals, and differences in rates of adherence depending on how this was defined, with potentially important health consequences for the patients.

Practice implications

Technology that improves medication administration may still be associated with low rates of adherence. Health professionals need to be mindful of the pattern of non-adherence for each individual, and factors which may be influencing this.     

Identification of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody targets from human milk in cultured cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effectors into host cells and alter cellular physiology. The aim of the present study was to identify targets of human secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies from the proteins delivered by EPEC into HEp-2 cells after infection. Bacterial proteins delivered into EPEC-infected cells were obtained in sub-cellular fractions (cytoplasmic, membrane, and cytoskeleton) and probed with sIgA antibodies from human milk and analyzed by Western blotting. These sIgA antibodies reacted with Tir and EspB in the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions, and with intimin in the membrane fraction mainly. The sIgA also identified an EPEC surface-associated Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in HEp-2 cells infected with EPEC. Purified Hsp70 from EPEC was able to bind to HEp-2 cells, suggesting adhesive properties in this protein. EspC secreted to the medium reacted strongly with the sIgA antibodies. An EPEC 115 kDa protein, unrelated to the EspC protein, was detected in the cytoplasm of infected HEp-2 cells, suggesting that this is a new protein translocated by EPEC. The results suggest that there is a strong host antibody response to Tir and intimin, which are essential proteins for attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen mediated disease.     

Drug Attitude and Adherence to Anti-Glaucoma Medication

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess patient attitudes towards anti-glaucoma medication and their association with adherence, visual quality of life, and personality traits.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and forty-seven glaucoma patients were enrolled this study. The participants were divided into ''pharmacophobic'' and ''pharmacophilic'' groups according to their scores on the Modified Glaucoma Drug Attitude Inventory (MG-DAI). To establish a correlation with patient drug attitude, each group had their subjective drug adherence, visual quality of life, and personality traits examined. For personality traits, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to sub-classify each group.

Results

Among the patients analyzed, 91 (72.80%) patients showed a ''pharmacophobic'' attitude and 34 (27.20%) patients showed a ''pharmacophilic'' attitude. The pharmacophobic group tended to have worse adherence than the pharmacophilic group. Personality dichotomies from the MBTI also showed different patterns for each group.

Conclusion

In glaucoma patients, pharmacological adherence was influenced by their attitude towards drugs; an association might exist between drug attitude and underlying personality traits.     

Adherence to biologics in patients with psoriasis

Introduction: Psoriasis has a profound impact on patients’ lives, but adherence to topical treatment of psoriasis is still poor. Biologic treatment has revolutionized the management of psoriasis, but adherence to treatment may still be a barrier for some patients.

Areas covered: A PubMed search was conducted in August 2017 using the terms ‘biologics psoriasis adherence’ and ‘biologics psoriasis survival.’ Additional articles were obtained by perusing the references of articles identified in the original PubMed search. Articles that did not specifically mention ‘survival,’ ‘adherence,’ or ‘persistence’ were not included. We review the measures used to assess adherence to biologics for psoriasis and the factors impacting drug survival and adherence rates for biologics in psoriasis.

Expert commentary: Drug survival and adherence rates for biologic therapy is less than ideal but may be modifiable. Means that may improve adherence and drug survival include individualized choice of biologic and providing additional support for patients who are at increased risk for prematurely stopping treatment.     

The Role of Self-Efficacy in HIV Treatment Adherence: Validation of the HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (HIV-ASES)

Adherence to HIV treatment, including adherence to antiretroviral (ART) medication regimens, is paramount in the management of HIV. Self-efficacy for treatment adherence has been identified as an important correlate of medication adherence in the treatment of HIV and other medical conditions. This paper describes the validation of the HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (HIV-ASES) with two samples of HIV+ adults on ART. Factor analyses support subscales measuring Adherence Integration (eigenvalue = 6.12) and Adherence Perseverance (eigenvalue = 1.16), accounting for 61% of the variance in scale items. The HIV-ASES demonstrates robust internal consistency (ρs > .90) and 3-month (rs > .70) and 15-month (rs > .40) test–retest reliability. Concurrent validity analyses revealed relationships with psychosocial measures, ART adherence, clinical status, and healthcare utilization. Findings support the use of the HIV-ASES and provide guidance for further investigation of adherence self-efficacy in the context of treatment for HIV and other diseases.     

Adherence of Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines to the various lymph node compartments

This adherence study was performed to clarify the trafficking of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in Hodgkin's disease (HD) and thus try to unravel the peculiar pathways of dissemination in the early stages of this malignant neoplasm. Using non-neoplastic human necropsy or biopsy lymph node as well as tonsillar tissue sections, we have studied the adherence of the KMH-2 and L-428 HD-derived cell lines and have compared it to that of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). In necropsy lymph nodes, cell lines predominantly adhered to sinuses and paracortex, whilst adhered PBLs were distributed more widely. In biopsy lymph nodes, adhesion to high endothelial venules (HEVs) was rarely observed, whilst cell lines were found to adhere to sinuses. Inhibition by EDTA pretreatment affected adherence to HEVs as well as to sinuses and paracortex to a similar degree. Our findings point to the possible importance of the lymph node sinuses and paracortex in relation to homing of the HRS cells and their dissemination during the early stages of HD. The results suggest a significant primary role of the extracellular matrix of the paracortex and sinuses in the homing of HRS cells, with the HEVs of only secondary importance.     

Adherence to drug therapy among hypertensive patients attending two district hospitals in Ghana

BackgroundA major drawback to the management of hypertension among patients is poor adherence to pharmacotherapy. Factors that influence non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs could vary, depending on the prevailing condition of patient and setting. Knowledge of adherence patterns and behavior of hypertensive patients to pharmacotherapy could improve health-directed policies towards hypertension management.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine factors that influence adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs among patients attending two district hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional. Respondents were hypertensive patients attending Krachi West District (n=187) and Hohoe Municipal (n=183) hospitals between March 2016 to May 2016. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and Morisky 8 Item Measurement of adherence scale.ResultsAdherence to oral antihypertensive drugs was 89.2%. However, more than half of these respondents appeared to have uncontrolled blood pressure; and this may be due to self-response bias, blood pressure being measured only on the day of the interview or use of fake drugs (which was not assessed in this study). The strongest predictors of adherence were; knowledge on hypertension, perception of severity of condition and the amount of alcohol consumed in a day by respondents.ConclusionGood adherence to oral antihypertensive drugs was observed in this population despite uncontrolled hypertension in a number of the respondents. The three independent predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medications in this study were respondent''s knowledge about hypertension, perception of severity of their condition and the amount of alcohol consumed in a day. Regular patient education and counseling by medical practitioners should be encouraged in these settings to improve patient adherence.     

Understanding HIV-Related Pill Aversion as a Distinct Barrier to Medication Adherence

Abstract

Pill aversion, defined as difficulty swallowing pills without identifiable medical cause, is a poorly characterized barrier to sustained viral suppression for many HIV-infected persons. We aimed to quantify the frequency of self-reported pill aversion, characterize its symptoms, and measure the association between self-reported pill aversion and missing antiretroviral doses. This is a prospective, observational, exploratory survey study of English-speaking persons living with HIV (PLHIV) at a single urban tertiary outpatient clinic. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires about their experiences of swallowing antiretroviral pills. The primary outcome was skipping pills due to pill aversion symptoms. Of 384 participants, a quarter (25.5%) skipped pills due to pill aversion symptoms. Younger age, being Non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, not being married or partnered, having public insurance, not being employed, having less than a college education, and having a mental health diagnosis were associated with skipping pills due to pill aversion. On multivariable regression analyses, PLHIV who skipped pills were more likely to report symptoms of gagging, nausea at the time of swallowing, and heavy feeling in the stomach, as well as being bothered by the taste, smell, and size of the pills. PLHIV who skipped pills were also more likely to report negative and fear-based emotions about pill-taking than PLHIV who did not skip pills due to pill aversion. HIV-related pill aversion may represent a significant and frequent barrier to adherence in an adult HIV population.     

Evaluation of the Patient Medication Adherence Questionnaire As a Tool for Self-Reported Adherence Assessment in HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Regimens

Abstract

Purpose: Adherence to antiretroviral medications is critically important for the success of therapy in patients treated for HIV infection. Patient self-report is a simple method to measure and explore adherence. Even though a variety of surveys have been developed to monitor self-reported adherence, there is no standardized instrument that may be used in routine clinical practice. The usefulness of the Patient Medication Adherence Questionnaire (PMAQ) was evaluated in HIV-infected patients on protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens. Method: Data from 149 patients were collected. Study participants completed the PMAQ and provided blood samples to measure plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and trough plasma levels of PI. Patients were considered adherent if they had a virologic response and/or had an adequate trough plasma level of PI. Results: A close relationship was found between patient reports of adherence during the previous 4 days and objective measures such as HIV RNA level and plasma levels of PI. Motivation with regard to antiretroviral treatment, confidence in personal skills, and an optimistic attitude to life were identified as important determinants of adherence. On the other hand, sociodemographic background, social support, alcohol and illicit drug use, bothersome symptoms, and depression were not associated with a lower medication adherence. Conclusion: Patients’ psychological and behavioral factors are central in the acceptance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. To improve the feasibility and the reproducibility of the PMAQ, we propose a revised form of the PMAQ, focusing on the variables identified as strong predictors of adherence.